Endobronchial inoculation of sheep with pneumonic lung-tissue suspensions and with the bacteria and mycoplasmas isolated from them.
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Animals↗
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Results for “PASTEURELLA INFECTIONS”
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Pasteurella multocida as a cause of acute epiglottitis.
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Acute Disease↗
Treatment of Pasteurella multocida cellulitis with ciprofloxacin.
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Aged↗
Use of a 35.5 kDa cell membrane composition of Pasteurella multocida and an anti-idiotype antibody to induce protective immunity in leghorn chickens.
Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a 35.5 kDa cell membrane composition of Pasteurella multocida ATCC 11039 was identified as a dominant epitope of the bacterium. Mice inoculated with inactivated whole bacteria produce antisera primary reactive with the 35.5 kDa component (Pm35.5) in Western blot analysis. The outer membrane component was composed primarily of protein but did have lipopolysaccharide present at 133 micrograms mg-1 protein. In challenge trials (Trial 2), groups of white leghorn chickens vaccinated with Pm35.5 or an anti-idiotypic antibody (using Pm35.5 as the original antigen) had significant difference in mortality of 3.2% and 48.3%, respectively, when compared with unvaccinated controls (99%). Mortality in a group of chickens receiving a commercially available bacterin (9.2%) was higher but not significantly different from the mortality of the Pm35.5 vaccinated group (3.2%).
Animals↗
Immune responses of piglets to Pasteurella multocida toxin and toxoid.
Experimental atrophic rhinitis (AR), serum antibody titres and in vitro lymphoproliferation to Pasteurella multocida derived toxin (Pm-T) were studied in piglets. Specific immune responses to Pm-T and Pm-T induced conchae atrophy were compared with AR immunity. This immunity was initiated by the Nobi-VAC AR-T vaccine administered at various times with respect to Pm-T challenge. Animals challenged with Pm-T developed conchae atrophy, but no antibodies nor cellular immune responses to Pm-T were detected. Vaccination 3 weeks before Pm-T challenge protected pigs against breakdown of nasal bony tissues. This protection was accompanied by an increase of serum antibodies and in vitro lymphoproliferation to Pm-T. Animals vaccinated 10 days before or after Pm-T challenge also had antibodies and cellular immune responses. However, these animals developed AR. In vitro, Pm-T appeared mitogenic for quiescent (non-immune) peripheral lymphocytes and Concanavalin A stimulated lymphocytes from some pigs. These in vitro lymphoproliferative responses could be partly abrogated by the addition of monomorphic anti-swine major histocompatibility complex class II DQ and DR specific monoclonal antibodies. We conclude that Pm-T is poorly immunogenic in vivo and does not initiate a protective Pm-T specific immune response. Pigs were protected from AR by vaccination, but protection was dependent on the timing of vaccine administration. We speculate that Pm-T modifies the immune response such that the response is not directed towards the toxin but to an unidentified component in the nose of piglets.
Animals↗
Effect of Pasteurella multocida vaccination on buffalo polymorphonuclear hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production.
An attempt was made to investigate the effect of Pasteurella multocida on certain microbicidal reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates released by the polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from the vaccinated animals. The PMNs from the peripheral blood of both control and experimental buffaloes vaccinated against haemorrhagic septicaemia were isolated. PMNs from control animals upon activation with P. multocida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and live P. multocida cells generated higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO-) than the non-activated cells (P < 0.01). In the presence of P. multocida LPS, PMNs from animals vaccinated against haemorrhagic septicaemia generated significantly higher H2O2 (P < 0.05) and NO- (P < 0.01) than the PMNs from control animals. L-Arginine when added to the activation medium enhanced the production of NO- in a dose-dependent manner. This indicated the role of arginine in NO- production. The study suggested that buffalo PMNs possessed a potent oxidant defence system even in the presence of P. multocida, an antiphagocytic bacterium.
Animals↗
Pili of Pasteurella multocida of porcine origin.
Using electron microscopy, pili with at least two distinct morphologies were observed on strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from pigs with atrophic rhinitis. Rigid pili were found on 60-80% of all cells observed. These pili had a strong tendency to lie flat along the side of the outer cell membrane of P. multocida and as a result frequently were difficult to see. After growth in vitro, piliated P. multocida cells produced few pili (approx. 3-5 per cell). Heavily piliated cells were occasionally observed. The second type of pili were curly and also were difficult to visualize. Cells from cultures containing piliated cells failed to attach to red blood cells and to immobilized mucus.
Animals↗
Characterization of the immunogenicity of formaldehyde detoxified Pasteurella multocida toxin.
The immunogenicity of the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) was studied in murine model systems. Mice were vaccinated with either formaldehyde treated pure PMT (pure toxoid) or formaldehyde treated crude extract of toxigenic P. multocida (crude toxoid). The corresponding mean anti-PMT titres, sero-conversion rates and survival rates after challenge with affinity purified PMT were compared. When assessed both by anti-PMT titres and seroconversion and challenge, pure toxoid was a more potent immunogen than crude toxoid. This greater immunogenic potency was unaffected by the addition of killed cell preparations of Bordetella bronchiseptica, non-toxigenic P. multocida and B. pertussis. Increasing anti-PMT titres and seroconversion rates were induced by increasing doses of formaldehyde treated PMT (fPMT) in the pure toxoid vaccines, but not in the vaccines containing crude toxoid. However, improved survival rates were observed for both types of vaccine, when the fPMT content was raised. Immunization of pregnant mice with vaccines containing fPMT induced protection of the offspring against challenge with PMT; the protection of the offspring corresponded to that of the mother.
Animals↗
Protection of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin-challenged rats by toxoid-induced antibody.
Two different doses of glutaraldehyde-treated Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PMDT) were used to immunize rats. Rats developed serum IgG antibodies specific for native PMDT, and IgG titers increased with dose and number of toxoid immunizations. Survival rates in both active immunization and passive serum neutralization experiments were dependent on dose of toxoid vaccination and serum levels of anti-PMDT IgG. Vaccination with toxoid prevented weight loss but not leukocytosis and increased complement titers in toxin-challenged rats. Toxoid, itself, induced minimal leukocytosis but no alterations in complement titers or weight gain.
Animals↗
Molecular analysis of a cryptic plasmid isolated from avian strains of Pasteurella multocida.
Twelve small plasmids isolated from avian strains of Pasteurella multocida were examined by restriction enzyme mapping, cross-hybridization, and minicell analysis. These plasmids contained sites for several commonly used restriction enzymes and ranged in size from 3.4 to 3.8 kilobases. Restriction enzyme maps of the 12 plasmids were similar and divided the plasmids into 3 families, designated pFS1, pFS2, and pFS4. Restriction fragments of pFS1 DNA isolated from strain X-73 were used to probe AvaI/HindIII/EcoRV digests of pFS2 and pFS4 DNA. The results of these hybridization experiments demonstrated that the plasmids found in all three families shared extensive regions of homology and may have originated from a common ancestor. Escherichia coli minicells containing recombinant plasmid constructs bearing fragments of pFS1 expressed two pFS1-specific peptides, 12.5 and 28 kilodaltons in size, suggesting that some P. multocida plasmid-encoded proteins can be expressed in E. coli. These results indicate that pFS may be useful as a genetic tool for moving DNA into and out of P. multocida, since it is small, contains common restriction sites, and encodes at least two genes that are recognized and expressed in E. coli.
Animals↗
Colorimetric assay using XTT for assessing virulence of avian Pasteurella multocida strains.
A colorimetric assay using sodium 3,3'-[1[(phenylamino)carbonyl]3,4- tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) was adapted to quantitate bactericidal activity of chicken macrophage HD 11 cell line against five Pasteurella multocida strains and an avirulent transposon insertion mutant. The strains used were virulent P1059, and D92, and four avirulent strains including a streptomycin resistant mutant of P1059 (P1059 SmR), two live vaccine strains namely, the Clemson University (CU) and M9, and a transposon insertion mutant PmTn-294. Percentage of bacteria killed by chicken macrophage (HD 11) cells was determined by extrapolation from a standard formazan curve derived by incubating XTT with known bacterial cell numbers of each strain. The amount of formazan as measured by absorption at 450 nm was directly related to the number of viable bacterial cells. The percentages of P1059 SmR, CU, M9 and PmTn-294 killed by HD 11 cells were approximately 50%, 61%, 25% and 34%, respectively. By contrast, the virulent P1059 and D92 strains were resistant to killing, and were able to replicate inside the HD 11 cells. Association of virulence with resistance to phagocytic killing by HD 11 cells as assessed by the colorimetric bactericidal assay, was validated with resistance to complement (C')-mediated killing and a turkey mortality test. Strains P1059 and D92 were resistant to C'-mediated killing, whereas strains P1059 SmR, CU, M9 and PmTn-294 strains were susceptible. All turkeys challenged with P1059 or D92 were dead within 18 hrs. Mortality did not occur in turkeys challenged with strains of P1059 SmR, M9 and PmTn-294. The mortality among CU challenged turkeys ranged from 0 to 40%. The results suggest that the colorimetric bactericidal assay using XTT can be used to quantitate chicken macrophage phagocytic killing of P. multocida strains, and may be a valuable assay to differentiate virulent from avirulent strains of avian P. multocida.
Animals↗
Phenotypic characterization of Zimbabwean isolates of Pasteurella multocida.
The phenotypic characteristics of 60 Zimbabwean isolates of Pasteurella multocida sensu stricto, from disease syndromes in different host species were studied. A number of representative strains were also serotyped. Consistent results were obtained in the tests for; catalase, oxidase, urease, indole, acid in glucose, inositol, salicin and sucrose. There was no obvious relationship between serotype, host or disease and the pattern of utilization of certain substrates by an isolate. This has been discussed in the context of recent proposals to reclassify Pasteurella and P. multocida on genotypic and phenotypic studies. It is suggested that notwithstanding the relevance of genetic studies in circumscribing P. multocida, the phenotype and disease significance of the taxon should not be ignored. A case of bronchitis in a dog which was simultaneously colonized by three different strains of Pasteurella is described. Also septicaemic pasteurellosis in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is reported and for the first time prevalence of various serotypes in pasteurellosis of animals in Zimbabwe.
Alligators and Crocodiles↗
Stimulation of avian respiratory phagocytes by Pasteurella multocida: effects of the route of exposure, bacterial dosage and strain, and the age of chickens.
The effects of the route of exposure (intratracheal [IT], drinking water [DW] and aerosolization [AS]), the age of chickens, and the dose of two vaccine strains of Pasteurella multocida (CU and M-9) on the number, phagocytic proportion and capacity of macrophages, granulocytes and lymphocytes (collectively avian respiratory phagocytes [ARPs]) were analyzed. Administration of P. multocida via the DW even at very high dose failed to stimulate ARPs. In contrast, administration of both strains of P. multocida either IT or by AS resulted in rapid and highly significant increases in the numbers of ARPs. 10 x 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) of aerosolized P. multocidaCU strain activated ARPs maximally in both young (3-6 weeks of age) and old (4-6 months of age) chickens. Old chickens responded in dose dependent manner to 20 x 10(9), 8 x 10(9), and 4 x 10(9) cfu of aerosolized P. multocida CU strain. Young chickens responded significantly only to 8 x 10(9) CU organisms. The M-9 and CU strains had limited differences in inducing migration of ARPs into the respiratory system of chickens or elevating phagocytic proportions and capacity of ARPs. The results indicate that the analyzed factors influence the response of ARPs to P. multocida to various degrees.
Age Factors↗
Molecular studies on avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in Australia.
A collection of 45 strains of Pasteurella multocida was assembled. The strains had been isolated from cases of fowl cholera in eastern Australia over 8 years, and included mainly type A strains. All the strains were examined for plasmids and resistance to 10 antimicrobial agents and most of the strains were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphism. Nine strains were assayed for pathogenicity for mice. Twenty strains yielded no plasmid. Seven contained a single plasmid of 1.3 kbp and 18 contained 2 plasmids, of 2.4 and 7.5 kbp. All the strains were resistant to streptomycin, trimethoprim and lincomycin while one strain was resistant to tetracycline. There was no correlation between plasmid content and resistance to antimicrobial agents. Three strains that lacked plasmids were highly virulent for mice, 6 strains containing plasmids were not. Restriction fragment length polymorphism generated by HpaII allowed the 39 strains that were tested to be divided into 10 groups.
Animals↗
Phenotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian poultry.
A phenotypic characterisation of 110 isolates of bacteria previously identified as Pasteurella multocida was performed. Reference strains of many of the currently recognised species within the genus Pasteurella were included in the study. All the isolates had been obtained from Australian poultry-67 from chickens, 42 from turkeys and one from a duck. Ten different biochemical biovars were recognised amongst the isolates. Four of these biovars, representing 91 isolates, were identified as P. multocida subsp. multocida. One biovar, consisting of one isolate, was identified as P. multocida subsp. septica and another biovar, consisting of five isolates, as P. multocida subsp. gallicida. Two further biovars were tentatively identified as ornithine decarboxylase negative P. multocida subsp. multocida (five isolates) and maltose positive P. multocida subsp. septica (one isolate). The final two biovars, consisting of five and two isolates each, could not be assigned to any of the currently recognised subspecies of P. multocida.
Animals↗
Validation of random amplified polymorphic DNA assays by ribotyping as tools for epidemiological surveys of Pasteurella from animals.
Two collections of strains of Pasteurella were studied for epidemiological purposes by ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays. These strains were isolated through two different structures of animal productions: cattle and rabbit. Forty strains of P. haemolytica from cattle reared in independent breeding-herds belonged to only 3 ribotypes after digestion with HindIII and PvuII. No further discrimination of these strains was obtained by RAPD assays. All these 40 strains showed more than 90% of similarity. This result was consistent with the hypothesis of a clonal dissemination of these strains in bovine herds, possible favoured by the large use of antibiotics. Forty-one strains of P. multocida were isolated in rabbits flocks belonging to 16 breeders. Six of these were linked by commercial relationships. Twenty-eight out of the 29 strains isolated through this commercial network belonged to only three ribotypes whereas the 12 strains from independant breeders belonged to 9 ribotypes. Results of RAPD assays were in accordance with those of ribotyping and validate the use of RAPD assays for epidemiological studies of Pasteurella strains.
Animals↗
[Pasteurella multocida meningo-encephalitis with aphasia in a young adult].
We report the first case of Pasteurella multocida meningo-encephalitis with aphasia in a 28 year-old-patient. The investigations confirmed the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. But the delay in identification of the organism involved iterative changes of antibiotherapy. The evolution was finally favourable with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The epidemiologic investigation highlighted the responsibility of a patient's cat carrying the same bacterial strain. Finally we discuss the epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic features of this unusual meningitis.
Adult↗
[Pasteurella multocida meningitis following neurosurgery].
Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of meningitis. We report a case of P. multocida meningitis following a recent neurosurgery procedure and review the 32 cases previously described.
Adult↗