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Report from the University of Chicago Drug Abuse Research Center.

In summary, I have reviewed the results from 6 coded compounds we have evaluated as part of CPDD's efforts to expand into testing the dependence potential of anorectics and anxiolytics. I have reviewed a great deal of additional studies in order to place the results with the test drugs into a broader context and also to demonstrate our experience in evaluating these classes of drugs. Clearly the 4 anxiolytic drugs were well characterized by our tests. The two compounds designated as anorectics are still unknown to us. CPDD 5 appears amphetamine-like, is self-administered, and in both tests is 1/10th as potent as amphetamine. The results with CPDD 6, however, are less clear. In the drug discrimination studies, it only substitutes for amphetamine in some animals, and in monkeys has minimal reinforcing properties.

Animals↗

Cocaine-related death.

Cocaine use and abuse, an ancient custom, is once again commonplace. While severe toxicity appears to be rare, overt poisoning including death can occur. This report documents nine cases of death associated with cocaine use; in three of these cocaine appears to be causative. Toxicologic analysis of body fluids and tissues was affirmative and levels are reported. Cocaine should be considered in serious drug overdose-reactions, especially after illicit injection.

Adolescent↗

Negative-ion mass spectrometry of amphetamine congeners.

Negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry with a conventional combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer has been used for the analysis of amphetamine-like compounds. Ammonia was used as the reagent gas, which gives rise to few but specific sample-fragment ions, such as (M--1)- as the base peak, m/z 91, and a smaller peak corresponding to the end part of the side chain. Five reference compounds and a urine sample from an overdose case were analyzed. Comparative positive-ion chemical ionization reference spectra were also recorded.

Amphetamines↗

Septic submacular choroidal embolus associated with intravenous drug abuse.

A 34-year-old male intravenous drug abuser had acute monocular loss of central vision nine days after fundus examination that had given normal results. He had a presumed septic submacular choroidal embolus in association with septic retinitis. No organism was recovered from the blood cultures. The lesion resolved with a residual chorioretinal scar in the macula and permanent loss of central vision.

Adult↗

Suicide by aircraft: a case report.

A 36-year-old pilot took his plane on a brief, unauthorized flight that ended in a high-speed vertical crash next to the runway. A retrospective "psychological autopsy" yielded strong presumptive evidence of an unrecognized depression in a man with manipulative and mildly antisocial characteristics. His withdrawal from his usual patterns of behavior was, instead, regarded as a desirable return to "normal" behavior. This case report includes comments on the role of the psychological autopsy in aircraft accident investigation, anniversary reactions, the use of psychiatric diagnosis to support the agreed-upon decision on the desired disposition, some aspects of subintentional suicidal behavior, a brief review of the literature on suicide by aircraft, and consideration of the role of the flight surgeon in preventing such occurrences through early recognition of depression.

Adult↗

Relationship between anorectic and reinforcing properties of appetite suppressant drugs: implications for assessment of abuse liability.

A quantitative ratio measure was developed which permitted comparisons between the reinforcing and anorectic potency of eight phenylethylamine anorectics and cocaine in laboratory baboons. The ordering of these compounds based upon this ratio bears a reasonable correspondence to clinical drug evaluations. The measure may provide information for preclinical evaluation of relative abuse potential of anorectic drugs.

Animals↗