Experimental studies on the absorption of amino-acids by the intestine in vitro. (the intestinal response to pathological injury).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amino Acids↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Pathologic response”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Change and clinical responsibility in pathology.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Pathology↗
Clinical responsibility in pathology.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Early determination of renal allograft survival: a correlation between cytotoxic antibodies in recipient sera, renal pathology, and response to antirejection therapy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Excellent response of pathologic jealousy to pimozide.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Delusions↗
[Granulation tissue: inflammation and regeneration].
Healing of the external defects by the primary tension, under the scab, or by the secondary tension through the suppuration as well as the formation of granulation tissue (GT) in other organs, represent an adequate homeostatic response to the injury with stereotype kinetics of the inflammation and regeneration. The altered general and local responsiveness trophic disorders, burn and radiation trauma result in collapse of the autoregulatory mechanisms, pronounced disturbance of phagocytosis, microcirculation, mediator and contact cell interaction. This provokes the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, depression and perversion of fibrillogenesis and the granulation tissue maturation, the formation of abnormal granulation tissue with repeated wakes of sclerosis, necrosis and inflammation, formation of persisting wounds, ulcers, hypergranulations or chronic inflammatory processes. Homeostatic protective response transforms into the pathologic response due to dissociation between the inflammation and regeneration and formation of "vicious circle".
Granulation Tissue↗
[A case of testicular choriocarcinoma achieving pathological complete response by "COMPE" chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin, vincristine, methotrexate, peplomycin, and etoposide].
We report a case of pure choriocarcinoma of the left testis in a 27-year-old male. He consulted a physician with left back pain in August, 1990. Intravenous pyelography (IVP) revealed left hydronephrosis. Abnormal computerized tomography (CT) revealed para-aortic lymph node swelling. The chest X-ray revealed bilateral multiple coin lesions. The genital examination revealed a left testicular nodule 8 mm in diameter. Left high inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was pure choriocarcinoma. After 4 courses of the PVB (cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin) therapy, tumor regression rate of the pulmonary metastases was 41.9%. He was transferred to our hospital on December 3, 1990 and was admitted 3 days later. "COMPE" chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin, vincristine, methotrexate, peplomycin, and etoposide, was administered. After seven courses of "COMPE" chemotherapy, he achieved a partial response (the regression rate of the pulmonary metastases and the retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were 78.8% and 69.1%, respectively) and the residual masses in the lungs and the retroperitoneum were removed. Necrosis and xanthogranulomatous fibrosis were found in the resected material. The patient showed no evidence of disease one year after thoracotomy.
Adult↗
Clinical findings, cutaneous pathology, and response to therapy in 21 patients with keratosis pilaris atrophicans.
BACKGROUND: Keratosis pilaris atrophicans defines a group of cutaneous disorders characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis and scarring. X-linked dominant inheritance has recently been reported in a Dutch family with a form of keratosis pilaris atrophicans defined as keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, with males more severely affected and having corneal involvement. The clinical manifestations observed in different families by others and ourselves did not follow that pattern, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. We report our experience with 21 unrelated individuals. RESULTS: There were 15 male and six female patients whose onset of the skin disease was in early childhood but with scalp involvement occurring in the teen years. The cutaneous lesions consisted of follicular papules with scalp involvement present in eight individuals. Half the women had scalp involvement, and one female and one male had eye changes. Familial involvement was observed in three patients and was compatible with dominant inheritance. Histopathologic examination revealed hyperkeratosis of the upper follicle with an inflammatory response that resulted in follicular destruction. Response to therapy including keratolytics, antibiotics, corticosteroids and retinoids was limited. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that there is genetic and clinical heterogeneity among the disorders represented by the term keratosis pilaris atrophicans. The cause of these diseases may be a disorder of the keratinocyte, which is responsible for inducing both the hyperkeratosis and inflammatory changes.
Adolescent↗
[A case of adult pure yolk sac tumor of the testis achieving pathological complete response by chemotherapy].
We report a case of pure yolk sac tumor of the left testis in a 22-year-old male. He consulted a physician with left back pain and induration of his left scrotal content in December, 1992. Intravenous pyelography (IVP) revealed left hydronephrosis. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed para-aortic lymph node swelling and lung metastases. Left high inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was pure yolk sac tumor. After two courses of "COMPE" chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, vincristine, methotrexate, peplomycin and etoposide, two courses of "high dose "COMPE" chemotherapy and three courses of "high dose COME" chemotherapy without peplomycin, he achieved a partial response (the regression rate of the pulmonary metastases and the retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were 100% and 96.0% on CT, respectively) and the residual masses in the retroperitoneum were removed. Necrosis and xanthogranulomatous fibrosis were found in the resected material. The patient showed no evidence of disease two years after chemotherapy.
Adult↗
Interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection in hemophiliacs--influence of virus load, genotype, and liver pathology on response.
In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of interferon treatment in 31 hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Interferon alfa-2a (3 MU three times weekly) was administered for 6 months. Response was assessed by both serial alanine transaminase (ALT) and HCV RNA levels measured by a sensitive semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. HCV genotype was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and evidence of changing genotypes during interferon therapy was sought. Severity of liver disease was assessed by both noninvasive and invasive methods, including laparoscopic liver inspection and biopsy. Sustained normalization of ALT levels occurred in eight patients (28%), and seven (24%) became nonviremic as assessed by PCR (<80 HCV/mL). Responders universally cleared HCV RNA within 2 months of starting interferon. Genotype 3a was associated with a favorable response to interferon. No evidence was found for a change in circulating genotype in patients who failed to respond to interferon or who relapsed. This study confirms that response rates to interferon are low in hemophiliacs as compared with other groups with chronic HCV infection. We have also demonstrated that virus load measurement over the first 8 to 12 weeks of treatment is an extremely useful method to identify responders at an early stage.
Adolescent↗
[The T-cell receptor--its participation in the pathological immune response].
This work reviews clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor genes in peripheral T-cells of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. The role of T-cell genes for predisposition to autoimmune diseases is analysed. Methodological approaches for analysis of T-cell receptor repertoire and autoimmune diseases are presented. The role of T-cell receptor-antigen recognitions in IgE mediated allergic reactions is described.
Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
The role of docetaxel (Taxotere) as a single agent or in combination before local treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of stage IIIa/b non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the potential to reduce tumor size in patients whose tumors were previously inoperable. This report describes the design and status of an ongoing randomized, phase III study of docetaxel (Taxotere; Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France) as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with stage IIIa/b NSCLC, as well as of two phase II studies of combination neoadjuvant therapies. A phase III, multicenter, international, randomized trial is in progress which compares docetaxel with no neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with histologically confirmed, previously untreated NSCLC with stage IIIa N2(T0-3) or T3 (N0-1) disease or stage IIIb disease that can be treated radically. Patients are assigned to receive three cycles of docetaxel or no neoadjuvant therapy. Definitive therapy is administered immediately or within 6 weeks of the third cycle of docetaxel. The primary objective of the study is median survival. Secondary end points include response rate, tumor resectability, survival after surgery and after curative-intent radiation, time to disease progression, and quality of life. To date, 110 of the planned 292 patients have been randomized. It is anticipated that the study will be completed in 1998. A phase I/II dose escalation study of the combination of docetaxel and cisplatin as neoadjuvant treatment of patients with stage IIIa T1-T3 NSCLC with N2 disease on mediastinoscopy is ongoing. The objectives of the study are to determine the clinical response to chemotherapy, the pathologic response after surgery, and survival. A phase II, multicenter, nonrandomized trial of the combination of docetaxel and carboplatin as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with stage IIIa N2 NSCLC is in progress. The primary objective of the study is to determine the response rate after chemotherapy. The results of both studies should be available by late 1997. The ultimate hope is that there is potential for neoadjuvant chemotherapy to provide a significant benefit for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
Evidence for a role of osteopontin in macrophage infiltration in response to pathological stimuli in vivo.
Previous studies have suggested that osteopontin, an arginine-glycine-aspartate-containing secreted protein, might be important in macrophage accumulation during interstitial nephritis and wound healing. The current study investigated the role of osteopontin in intradermal macrophage infiltration using immunohistochemistry and neutralizing antibodies. Purified osteopontin induced macrophage accumulation after injection in rat dermis and facilitated adhesion and migration of cultured macrophage-like cells in vitro. Intradermal injection of N-formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP), a potent macrophage chemotactic peptide, induced a macrophage-rich infiltrate at the site of injection. Most of these macrophages expressed high levels of osteopontin as shown by immunochemical analysis. To determine whether osteopontin expressed by macrophages was required for their infiltration, we treated rats with either anti-osteopontin neutralizing antibody (OP199) or nonimmune antibody. We found that FMLP-induced macrophage accumulation was largely inhibited (>60%) by anti-osteopontin antibody treatment compared with rats receiving nonimmune antibody. These data support the hypothesis that osteopontin may be a critical mediator of inflammation in specific disease and injury states, potentially by promoting macrophage adhesion and migration.
Animals↗
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus protracted infusion 5-fluorouracil for rectal cancer: a matched-pair analysis.
PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare the acute toxicity, pathologic response, relapse rates, and survival in rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and either concurrent capecitabine or concurrent protracted infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: Between June 2001 and February 2004, 89 patients with nonmetastatic rectal adenocarcinoma were treated with preoperative RT and concurrent capecitabine, followed by mesorectal excision. These patients were individually matched by clinical T and N stage (as determined by endoscopic ultrasound and CT scans) with 89 control patients treated with preoperative RT and concurrent protracted infusion 5-FU between September 1997 and August 2002. RESULTS: In each group, 5 patients (6%) had Grade 3-4 toxicity during chemoradiotherapy. The pathologic complete response rate was 21% with capecitabine and 12% with protracted infusion 5-FU (p = 0.19). Of the 89 patients in the capecitabine group and 89 in the 5-FU group, 46 (52%) and 55 (62%), respectively, had downstaging of the T stage after chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.20). The estimated 3-year local control (p = 0.15), distant control (p = 0.86), and overall survival (p = 0.12) rate was 94.4%, 86.3%, and 89.8% for patients treated with capecitabine and 98.6%, 86.6%, and 96.4% for patients treated with protracted infusion 5-FU, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preoperative concurrent capecitabine and concurrent protracted infusion 5-FU were both well tolerated, with similar, low rates of Grade 3-4 acute toxicity. No significant differences were seen in the pathologic response, local and distant recurrence, or overall survival among patients treated with preoperative RT and concurrent capecitabine compared with those treated with RT and concurrent protracted infusion 5-FU.
Adult↗
FDG-PET in staging and restaging non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: correlation with histopathology.
This study was performed to investigate the utility of FDG-PET for: (1) initial staging, and (2) restaging of the primary and mediastinal nodal lesions 2 weeks after the completion of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twenty-six patients with histologically confirmed stage III NSCLC were accrued to this study from April 1993 to July 1998. They included 21 with stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC who were enrolled into an institutional phase II study, and 5 patients with a highly selected subset of stage IIIB disease characterized by the presence of microscopic metastatic disease in contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes who were also treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy; N3 lesions (n=3) and minimal T4 lesions. Demographic characteristics included median age 62 years (a range from 47 to 73) and gender ratio of male 15 to female 11. Histologic types of tumor consisted of squamous cell carcinoma 6, adenocarcinoma 11, large cell carcinoma 5, and non-small cell carcinoma 4. All patients had FDG-PET imaging of the chest before the initiation and 2 weeks after completion of preoperative therapy. The FDG-PET images were evaluated qualitatively for uptake at the primary tumor sites and mediastinal lymph nodes. Standard uptake values (SUVs) were also calculated for the primary tumors and all PET findings were correlated with surgical histopathologic data. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy resulted in complete pathologic response in 8 of 26 primary lesions. By qualitative analysis, 96% of these tumors showed level 3 or 4 uptake before preoperative chemoradiotherapy. After chemoradiotherapy, 57% (15/26) of patients showed at least a one level decrease in uptake, and the sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for differentiating residual tumor from pathologic complete response were 67% (12/18) and 63% (5/8). Mean SUV was 14.87+/-7.11 at baseline and decreased to 5.72+/-3.35 after chemoradiotherapy (n=21, P<0.00001). When a value of 3.0 was used as the SUV cut-off, sensitivity and specificity were 88 and 67%, respectively. The mean values of visual intensity were 3.87+/-0.35 and 3.8+/-0.51 for patients who achieved pathologic complete response (n=8) and for those who showed residual cancer after the preoperative therapy (n=18), respectively. The mean SUVs were 16.97+/-8.52 and 14.03+/-6.61 for patients who achieved pathologic complete response (n=6) and for those who showed residual cancer (n=15) after the preoperative therapy, respectively. Therefore, the degree of FDG uptake before preoperative chemoradiotherapy did not provide predictive value for subsequent tumor response. For mediastinal initial staging, the sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were 75 and 90.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for mediastinal restaging were 58.0 and 93.0%. These results indicate that FDG-PET is useful for monitoring the therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage III NSCLC. For the primary lesions, SUV based analysis has high sensitivity but limited specificity for detecting residual tumor. In contrast, for restaging of mediastinal lymph nodes, FDG-PET is highly specific, but has limited sensitivity.
Aged↗
Biweekly docetaxel and gemcitabine as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III breast cancer patients: preliminary results of a phase II and pharmacogenomic study.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a biweekly neoadjuvant docetaxel/gemcitabine regimen in patients with histologically confirmed stage II and III breast cancer. In addition, a cDNA microarray study attempted to correlate pretreatment gene-expression profile with clinical and pathologic responses. Docetaxel 65 mg/m(2) was given in a 60-minute intravenous infusion followed by gemcitabine 2,500 mg/m(2) in a 30-minute intravenous infusion every 2 weeks for six cycles; prophylaxis with growth factors was allowed. Four cycles of standard AC (doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2)every 21 days) was routinely delivered to all patients postsurgery. Thirty patients are accrued on-study so far. The overall response rate for 24 evaluable patients was 79% (95% confidence interval, 9.7 to 53.5) with six complete responses and 13 partial responses. One patient (4%) out of 23 achieved a pathologic complete response in the breast at the time of definitive surgery. Breast conservation procedure was possible in 14 patients (61%). A total of 161 cycles has been delivered. Grade 1/2 alopecia and a mild grade 1/2 LDH increase were the most frequently reported adverse events (78% and 55% of cycles, respectively). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was reported in 18 cycles (11%). These preliminary results show that biweekly docetaxel and gemcitabine is an optimal regimen as neoadjuvant treatment of stage II and III breast cancer. In spite of the large tumor size, breast conservation was possible in 61% of the patients. In general, toxicity was very manageable.
Adult↗
Unargued issues on the pathological assessment of response in primary systemic therapy for breast cancer.
PURPOSE: The role of primary systemic therapy (PST) in the treatment of operable breast cancer is currently under intensive investigation in the hope of allowing greater conservation of the breast, and emerging evidence suggests that induction of a pathological complete response (pCR) is at least, to some extent, predictive of long-term clinical response. In this review, we highlight the issues of pathologic evaluation after PST. METHODS: We performed a computer-assisted MEDLINE search, and additional references were found in the bibliographies of these articles. RESULTS: So far, several grading classifications are used to assess pathologic responses after PST, and pCR rates vary from 1% to 54.7% according to the PST regimens employed. However, the term "pCR" has not been applied in a consistent, standardized manner, and the pCR rates appear to depend not only on the differences in the definition of pCR, but also on the extent of tissue sampling and the techniques used for pathologic examination. So far, only limited information is available about the reliability and validity of the definition of pathologic responses. CONCLUSION: Assessment of pCR needs to be standardized, and each grading system should be verified for reliability and validity. As a lack of standard for tumor processing and evaluation may result in considerable fluctuation of pCR rates between trials, we should take into account the differences in the definition of pathologic response when comparing the results of PST.
Breast Neoplasms↗
M-CAVI, a neoadjuvant carboplatin-based regimen for the treatment of T2-4N0M0 carcinoma of the bladder.
Carboplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine (M-CAVI) is an active and well-tolerated regimen for bladder cancer patients ineligible for cisplatin-based regimens. We treated 47 T2-4 N0 M0 bladder cancer patients with M-CAVI in a neoadjuvant phase II trial. These 47 patients are evaluable for clinical response and toxicity. Clinical overall response rate was 34%, for a 95% confidence interval (CI95%) of 21-49%. Pathological response was seen in 40% of the patients (CI95%, 26-56%) with a 26.5% rate of pathological complete response (CI95%, 15-42%). Factors associated with the achievement of a response to therapy were the initial TNM stage (pT3a or lower, greater than pT3a, p = 0.001) and a Karnofsky score greater or equal than 90%, which was marginally significant (p = 0.08). With a median follow-up of 14 months, the disease-specific actuarial survival at 2 years is 42%. No patient has relapsed beyond 21 months of follow-up in a disease-free status. Toxic effects have been moderate. In conclusion, M-CAVI is an active and well-tolerated regimen that should be compared in terms of response rate and survival with a cisplatin-based regimen for invasive bladder cancer.
Actuarial Analysis↗