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PubMed2004

Jail drug and alcohol treatment program reduces recidivism in nonviolent offenders: a longitudinal study of Monroe County, New York's, Jail Treatment Drug and Alcohol Program.

Substance abuse treatment has become the new fashion for reducing recidivism among inmates. But the question is, does this work? Various studies have been done tracking the same cohort of inmates over time to assess the validity of treatment. This study assesses one treatment program's success over 5 years to determine if drug and alcohol treatment reduces recidivism among nonviolent, short-term (sentence of less than a year) inmates. Monroe County's drug treatment program demonstrates that for 1 year after receiving the treatment, three different cohorts of nonviolent, short-term inmates (1995, 1998, and 2000) were found to be substantially less likely to be recidivists than control group inmates.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2004

Service learning at dementia care programs: an orientation and training program.

The present paper describes a project that addresses the unique challenge service-learners face at dementia care programs. The project was conducted in conjunction with two courses on aging that offer students a service-learning (S-L) option at a university adult day service (ADS) program that accepts service-learners from these courses. The intervention consisted of two elements: (a) an orientation and follow- up sessions in which students learned about the causes of dementia, the behavioral characteristics exhibited by persons with dementia, and the best methods of interacting effectively with cognitively impaired persons; and (b) a structured scrapbook project for service-learners to exercise their new knowledge and skills. The authors designed the project to increase students' comfort in the dementia care setting and to facilitate students' knowledge of the elderly. The following sections describe the project and its procedures, benefits, and challenges. Recommendations for continuing the project and for adapting the project to other dementia sites are provided.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The Building Resiliency and Vocational Excellence (BRAVE) Program: a violence-prevention and role model program for young, African American males.

There are sharp disparities between non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans in mortality and years of potential life lost for numerous health-related conditions, including HIV/AIDS. The Building Resiliency and Vocational Excellence (BRAVE) Program is an intervention using Resiliency Networking designed for use with African American young men to help offset these disparities. Resiliency Networking incorporates coaching, career planning, and re-definition of gender roles to help young men develop a sense of purpose and future and to manage their lifestyles effectively. In addition to fostering a strong link with an older mentor, the program fosters healthy peer-to-peer relationships. The paper reports on preliminary use of the intervention and recommends future applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Participatory evaluation in health programs: a proposal for the Adolescent Health Care Program].

This article presents a model for participatory evaluation of the Adolescent Health Program (PROSAD) in Brazil. The study focuses on the concept of participation, with a review of internationally validated planning methodologies (RAP, logFRAME, ZOPP, PCM) and the programmatic characteristics of PROSAD. The proposed model comprises 4 steps, involving the constitution of the analytical matrix, a self-evaluation workshop, a summary of results, and graphic representation. The model promotes participatory practice in health program management by using techniques that allow a workshop to be held in 70 minutes (mean time), producing results that are recognized and easily grasped by the local team.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Multiple program participation: comparison of nutrition and food assistance program benefits with food costs in Boston, Massachusetts.

The values of government cash and food assistance benefits are compared to estimated food costs in Boston for households whose sole source of income is Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and who have housing in the private sector. Methods developed by the General Accounting Office (GAO) in 1978 are replicated. GAO found that the value of combined benefits can exceed the cost of the United States Department of Agriculture's Thrifty Food Plan. Key assumptions underlying GAO's methodology are challenged, and an alternate method is applied. The new results contradict GAO's conclusions and suggest that Boston food costs exceed the combined value of benefits that AFDC households may receive, although participation in multiple food assistance programs is more beneficial than receipt of benefits from single programs. The authors conclude that food stamps and AFDC benefits indexed to actual costs of living are needed to meet the food needs of low-income families in Boston.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of participation in the WIC program on birthweight: evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to estimate the impact on birthweight of maternal participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). METHODS: WIC estimates were based on sibling models incorporating data on children born between 1990 and 1996 to women taking part in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. RESULTS: Fixed-effects estimates indicated that prenatal WIC participation was associated with a 0.075 unit difference (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.007, 0.157) in siblings' logged birthweight. At the 88-oz (2464-g) low-birthweight cutoff, this difference translated into an estimated impact of 6.6 oz (184.8 g). CONCLUSION: Earlier WIC impact estimates may have been biased by unmeasured characteristics affecting both program participation and birth outcomes. Our approach controlled for such biases and revealed a significant positive association between WIC participation and birthweight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Implementing program-wide awareness about recovery in a large mental health and addictions program.

St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton conceptualized a multi-step plan for implementing a recovery oriented service delivery approach within their Mental Health and Addictions Program. This brief report discusses the first phase of this plan which included building awareness of recovery utilizing Anthony's (2000) system standards to develop a needs assessment for managers and senior team members. The survey had three purposes: to increase managers' awareness about recovery; to allow managers to express concerns that they had with this paradigm; and to afford managers an opportunity to explore the ways in which their service was and was not operating in a recovery oriented way. Initiatives designed to build awareness throughout the program are discussed.

Awareness↗
PubMed1994

Laying hen production responses to least cost rations formulated with stochastic programming or linear programming with a margin of safety.

An experiment with 480 DeKalb DK laying hens was conducted to study the effect of rations formulated with stochastic programming (STCH) or linear programming with a margin of safety (LPMS) over 12, 28-d periods. Rations were formulated to guarantee the requirement of methionine and lysine > or = 69%, in all rations, and Ca and P > or = either 69 or 90%. The four rations were: LPMS69 with Ca and P > or = 69%, LPMS90 with Ca and P > or = 90%, STCH69 with Ca and P > or = 69%, and STCH90 with Ca and P > or = 90%. Rations formulated with STCH were lower in cost than LPMS rations for respective probability levels. Costs per metric ton for LPMS69, LPMS90, STCH69, and STCH90 were $155.70, $157.71, $155.00, and $156.30, respectively. Compared to STCH rations, LPMS rations were overformulated in nutrients. There was no difference (P > .05) in performance for hen-housed egg production, hen-day egg production, feed per dozen eggs, mortality, egg weight, or eggshell percentage.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing an outpatient ventricular assist device program to meet the needs of a "too successful" heart transplant program.

The VAD independent living program has clearly demonstrated that a traditional inpatient population can be successfully moved to an outpatient setting. Such a move can result in significant cost savings for the institution while increasing patient satisfaction. By moving the assist device patients to an outpatient facility, we improved the overall operational efficiency of the Medical Center and the MIMCU. Because of the overwhelming success of this project, the Medical Center's administration has become receptive to the benefits of exploring alternative outpatient care delivery systems. Faced with increased demands to decrease operational expenses cardiovascular managers must restructure service line programs and explore opportunities to move traditional inpatient care delivery systems to outpatient settings.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2000

Medicare program; State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP). Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), HHS. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule explains the terms and conditions that apply to grants to States for counseling and assistance to Medicare beneficiaries, and makes several minor technical clarifications about program compliance. We also specify our policies regarding the treatment of funds associated with the management of this program, including user fee assessments not in effect when prior regulations were issued. This interim final rule is issued in accordance with section 4360 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA '90) and section 1857(e)(2) of the Social Security Act (the Act).

Counseling↗
PubMed2004

Medicare and state health care programs; fraud and abuse: OIG civil money penalties under the Medicare prescription drug discount card program. Interim final rule with comment period.

In accordance with section 1860D-31 of the Social Security Act, this rule sets forth the OIG's new authority for imposing civil money penalties (CMPs) against endorsed sponsors under the Medicare prescription drug discount card program that knowingly engage in false or misleading marketing practices; overcharge program enrollees; or misuse transitional assistance funds.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1989

[The use of programmed consultation and compliance with the appointment in a teaching program of family medicine. Prospective study of 2,627 cases].

During the last years, systems of programmed consultation have been included in primary health care. These allow a better knowledge and improvement of the quality of care, and an evaluation of the satisfaction degree of the population. To evaluate the performance and acceptation of a model of programmed consultation in a teaching center of Family and Community Medicine, 2627 protocolized consultations were prospectively studied. The system was shown to be accessible, and was accepted by the population. The rate of lack of compliance with the appointment was 6.4%. The variables associated with compliance were the day of the week, the type of consultation (new patient, first visit or control visit) and the number of appointments per patient. Among the causes of lack of compliance, personal ones predominated over environmental and institutional. Further studies will be required to determine the mechanisms for the improvement of the compliance with the appointment.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1993

[Reference standards in the performance of a mammographic screening program. Results of the screening program in the province of Florence, 1992].

The authors report the results of the Florence District program for the year 1992. 11,033 subjects were examined. Attendance rate (64.4%) was significantly related to age (42-49 = 71.0%; 50-59 = 66.7%; 60-70 = 58.5%). Recall rate to diagnostic assessment was 2.09% (mammographic abnormalities = 199, subjective symptoms other than pain = 32) and was related to age (42-49 = 3.12%; 50-59 = 1.65%; 60-70 = 1.77%). According to the results of diagnostic assessment 53 surgical biopsies (0.48%) were recommended and performed. The biopsy rate was also related to age (42-49 = 0.2%; 50-59 = 0.4%; 60-70 = 0.7%). Forty-seven carcinomas were detected in 46 subjects (benign/malignant biopsy ratio = 0.13). Cancer detection rate was 0.42% and changed significantly with age (42-49 = 0.13; 50-59 = 0.36; 60-70 = 0.68%), as well as the observed/expected cancer ratio (42-49 = 0.89; 50-59 = 2.03; 60-70 = 2.98). Detected cancers were nonpalpable in 57% of cases. Pathologic staging was pTIS in 2 cases, pT1a in 5, pT1b in 17, pT1c in 17, pT2 in 5, and pT4b in one case. Six of 47 (12.8%) cancers involved axillary nodes. A preliminary estimate of screening cost yielded a total cost of Lit. 397,671,000 for the year 1992--i.e., Lit. 36,000 per examined subject and Lit. 8,461,000 per detected cancer. The results are compared with reference standards for the evaluation of screening performance provided by the national breast screening program in the United Kingdom.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cooperation and collaboration between a public health unit and midsized private industry in health promotion programming: the Polymer Heart Health Program experience.

In 1990, Cobequid Health Unit was approached by Polymer International, a plastics manufacturer, and planning began for a worksite cardiovascular risk factor screening and follow-up program. In 1991, 302 Polymer employees (89.1%) participated in a screening. Follow-up included smoking cessation programs, fitness opportunities, dietary counselling, and physician referral for further investigation of blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Policy and environmental changes include heart healthy foods at the cafeteria, development of non-smoking policy, and coverage under the corporate group insurance plan for dietary counselling. This process demonstrates the potential for public health and private industry to collaborate in preventive efforts and the principles required for success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Program evaluation findings of an intensive early intervention program.

An intensive early intervention program was evaluated through determining child gains made by 44 children with special needs in cognition, gross-motor, fine-motor, receptive language, and expressive language domains. Gains were examined for the total group and two subgroups based upon their delays at pretesting. Analyses comparing actual to predicted posttest scores for the total group did not reveal statistically significant gains in any domains. Findings by subgroup revealed that in cognition, gross-motor, and fine-motor domains, the group with less severe impairments made more progress. Results were interpreted in light of constraints imposed by the measurement tools and discussed in terms of policy implications and the limitations involved in conducting quality program evaluation in early intervention.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overview of areawide programs and the program for suppression of codling moth in the western USA directed by the United States Department of Agriculture--Agricultural Research Service.

An areawide suppression program for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L) populations was initiated in 1995 in Washington, Oregon and California under the direction of the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service in cooperation with Washington State University, Oregon State University and University of California, Berkeley. Mating disruption was used to reduce the pest population while reducing and eliminating the use of organophosphate insecticides. During the 5-year program, the original 1064 hectares were expanded to 8400 hectares and from 66 grower participants to more than 400 participants. The acreage under mating disruption in the three states increased from 6000 hectares in 1994 to 54000 hectares in the year 2000.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

Evaluating community-based nutrition programs: comparing grocery store and individual-level survey measures of program impact.

BACKGROUND: This paper examines whether an "environmental indicator"--a survey of grocery store product displays--can provide a realistic alternative to individual-level telephone surveys for the evaluation of community-based nutrition programs. METHODS: Telephone and grocery store measures were used separately to evaluate three community-level dietary interventions that were part of the Kaiser Family Foundation Community Health Promotion Grants Program (CHPGP). Both surveys were conducted in the three intervention and seven control communities at three points in time: 1988, 1990, and 1992. The grocery store survey recorded the relative availability of low-fat and high-fiber products and the amount of store-provided health-education information. Self-reported dietary intake of residents was obtained in the same communities using a telephone survey. RESULTS: In the one community in which the intervention seemed to have contributed to reduced fat consumption, the grocery store and telephone surveys showed very similar relative changes for the only variable they had in common, low-fat milk consumption. In another community, both survey approaches indicated that there was no change or perhaps a slight worsening in the treatment relative to the controls. The third community produced the only contradictory results: the telephone survey suggested no change or perhaps a worsening, while the grocery store results were generally positive, though not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These results, combined with the much lower cost of the grocery store survey, justify further pursuit of environmental indicators as an evaluation tool.

Diet↗