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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Efficacy of immunoscintigraphy for detection of lymph node metastases.

The size of a lymph node is not in principle a limitation for the detection of cancer by Nuclear Medicine techniques. A radioactive pinhead is detectable if it has enough radioactivity on it. The approach of Nuclear Medicine to the demonstration of impalpable lymph nodes or to those lymph nodes detected by radiological techniques that are under 1 cm as to whether or not they contain cancer, is to increase the activity attached to cancer cells in such a lymph node as much as possible and to use sophisticated image analysis techniques to distinguish such uptake from its environment. This may be undertaken using a non specific technique such as F-18 Deoxyglucose and Positron Emission Tomography which is highly sensitive and which has been successful. The alternative approach is to use a highly specific and sensitive agent, such as a radio-labelled peptide or a radio-labelled monoclonal antibody together with image analysis. This paper describes these approaches and in particular the use of Tc-99m SM3 monoclonal antibody in the detection of impalpable axillary nodes in patients with breast cancer before surgery, using a change detection analysis providing a probability map of the significance of uptake of this radiopharmaceutical. It is a robust approach, providing the patient and the surgeon with information as to the likely need for extensive axillary surgery well prior to operation. A negative study should be followed by a sentinel node evaluation at surgery.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

Multivariate analysis of urinary RNA catabolites in malignancies: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Urinary RNA catabolites, especially modified nucleosides and nucleobases, have turned out to represent valuable new criteria for diagnosis and follow-up of malignancies. Here we show for the first time that multivariate analysis of urinary RNA catabolites can distinguish between tumor carriers and controls who, if examined by univariate procedures, would remain undifferentiated. Two such models have been demonstrated. We hope that a continuation of this work will support primary clinical diagnostic procedures, the control of therapy effects, and the long-term follow-up of patients, which should be regarded as special medical applications of the general principles of molecular biology.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Case report 659: Metastatic osteoblastic carcinoid tumor (primary in pancreas or gallbladder).

The only plain radiographic skeletal features in this 71-year-old man were those of a solitary sclerotic lumbar vertebral body which grossly underestimated the extent of metastatic carcinoid involvement of the lumbar spine and elsewhere described in the text. The primary focus in this case was either the pancreas or gallbladder resulting in disseminated metastases to the skeleton and many visceral areas. It was emphasized that these skeletal metastases are principally blastic and that those carcinoids arising in the bronchi and foregut-related structures (e.g., stomach) most often metastasize to the skeleton.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

DR antigens expressed on tumor cells do not contribute to the blastogenetic response of autologous T cells.

Tumor cell suspensions prepared from surgical specimens were characterized for cellular composition and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies detecting T lymphocytes, monocytes, and the monomorphic determinants of DR molecules (antigens encoded by the D region of the major histocompatibility complex in man). About half the adenocarcinoma preparations contained tumor cells which expressed DR antigens. Lymphocytes of certain patients were stimulated in vitro by the autologous tumor cells, and this was independent of the expression of DR antigens on the tumor cells. In addition, pretreatment of the stimulator tumor cells with anti-DR Mab (monoclonal antibody) had only marginal effect on their stimulatory potential. In contrast, when the same tumor cells were used as stimulators of allogeneic lymphocytes, proliferation was more often seen with DR-positive tumors and the reaction was often inhibited by the anti-DR Mab treatment. There were exceptions, however, which suggest that other DR antigens not detected by the reagents used may have been expressed on these cells. The allostimulatory capacity of the tumor cells was usually weak and did not occur with all responder lymphocytes. It is important to note that stimulation of autologous lymphocytes could occur with tumor preparations that did not elicit allogeneic response. Thus, the in vitro stimulation of autologous blood-derived T cells by suspensions of unpropagated cells separated from solid tumors reflects the sensitization state of the patients against their tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Aromatization of androstenedione to estrogen by benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer and expressed prostatic secretions.

Human prostatic tissue and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer were incubated with (1 beta 3H) androstenedione. The extent of aromatization was determined by measuring the transfer of 3H from the 1 beta position into water. The amount of 3H2O recovered corresponds to the estrogens formed. Tissue from 5 patients with BPH yielded 2.13 (+/- 1.05) pmol/mg protein/h while the EPS from the same patients yielded 727 fmol/mg protein/h. In patients with prostate cancer the mean formation of estrogens was 388 fmol/mg protein/h (+/- 75). 4-hydroxy-androstenedione, an aromatase inhibitor, successfully inhibited aromatization in BPH and prostate cancer 53-98%.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1975

The proliferation of prostatic epithelium in chronic prostatitis.

The labelling index in chronic nonspecific prostatitis ranges from 0.7-2.1%. This value is markedly higher than in nodular hyperplasia (0.4%) as well as in differentiated adenocarcinomas (0.6%). Increased labelling index could only be determined in glands adjacent to inflammatory foci. In recognition of these findings we believe that a correct evaluation of the cell proliferation in chronic prostatitis is only possible if each single cell can be evaluated, whether it is altered by inflammation or not. Therefore, solid tissue biopsies appear to be more suitable in autroadiographical studies than cytological material alone.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1982

The role of acid and alkaline DNases as tumour markers in cancer of the genitourinary tract.

The levels of Acid and Alkaline DNases were measured in the serum of patients with: (a) Cancer of the Genitourinary Tract (confirmed by biopsy), (b) with inflammatory diseases and non-malignant tumours of the Genitourinary tract, (c) healthy blood donors. In the first group the results showed that the Acid DNase level was raised in 62% and Alkaline DNase in 43%. In the second group acid DNase was increased in 30% and Alkaline DNase in 13%. In the third group Acid and Alkaline DNase levels were normal. These results suggest that the measurement of Acid and Alkaline DNases could be considered as malignant diseases markers, in spite of false positive and false negative results in some cases.

Deoxyribonucleases↗
PubMed1993

The potential use of prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acid residues (PSP94) as a serum marker for prostatic tumor.

The serum concentrations of prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acid residues (PSP94) as well as those of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were determined in 40 patients with established prostatic carcinoma, prior to transurethral resection of the prostate. In a comparison with a control group of healthy men (n = 40) and a group of patients with histologically established benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 40) no significant differences in PSP94 serum concentrations between the groups were observed. Similarly, correlations of PSP94 serum concentrations with prostatic carcinoma stages or grades were not detected. In contrast, and as expected, PSA behaved as a prostate tumor marker of known sensitivity and specificity. A correlation of PSP94 and PSA concentrations in sera of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or prostatic carcinoma could not be verified. PSP94 apparently does not fulfill the criteria of a serum marker for monitoring adenomas and/or carcinomas of the prostate.

Adult↗