PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “RADIATION PROTECTION”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1964

RADIATION PROTECTION IN CANADA. IV. FACTORS OF IMPORTANCE IN MINIMIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE OF PATIENTS, OPERATORS AND OTHERS INVOLVED IN DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC RADIOLOGY.

Factors that may reduce the dose of radiation, from diagnostic and therapeutic x-ray procedures, to the patient and to the occupational and non-occupational worker are outlined. Suitable basic radiation measuring apparatus is described. It is recommended that, in diagnostic radiography, relatively high kilovoltage, proper cones, collimation and adequate filtration be used. Some specific recommendations are made concerning fluoroscopic, photoroentgen and portable x-ray examinations. Film monitoring of personnel is advisable. Examples are given of protective devices to lessen the dosage to the occupational worker. It is the responsibility of the radiologist or physician in charge to ensure that the x-ray equipment is safe to operate and the radiation dose to the patient is kept to a minimum. The roentgen output for all radiographic examinations should be known by the responsible user.

Canada↗
PubMed1992

Essential metalloelement metabolism and radiation protection and recovery.

Understanding the metabolism of essential metalloelements and their role in tissue maintenance and function as well as the roles of essential metalloelement-dependent enzymes in responding to injury offers a new approach to preventing and/or treating radiation injury. This review presents the roles of some essential metalloelement-dependent enzymes in the maintenance and function of tissues and their responses to radiation injury and gives an account of the observed effects of nontoxic doses of essential metalloelement compounds on protection against radiation damage and its recovery. The radiolysis of chemical bonds and free radicals derived from oxygen accounts for the acute and chronic aspects of radiation injury. The recognized biochemical roles of essential metalloelements and their observed pharmacological effects predict the therapeutic usefulness of essential metalloelement complexes in the prevention and/or treatment of radiation injury. Copper complexes have radiation protection and radiation recovery activities and cause rapid recovery of immunocompetence and radiation-induced damage to cells and tissues. Recently, iron, manganese, and zinc complexes have also been found to prevent death in lethally irradiated mice. These pharmacological effects of essential metalloelement complexes can be understood to be due to facilitation of de novo synthesis of essential metalloelement-dependent enzymes which have roles in preventing the accumulation of pathological concentrations of oxygen radicals or repairing damage caused by radiation-induced bond homolysis. Essential metalloelement complexes offer a physiological approach to prevention and/or treatment of radiation injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Radiation protection during space flight.

The problem of ensuring space flight safety arises from conditions inherent to space flights and outer space and from the existing weight limitations of spacecraft. In estimating radiation hazard during space flights, three natural sources are considered: the Earth's radiation belt, solar radiation, and galactic radiation. This survey first describes the major sources of radiation hazard in outer space with emphasis on those source parameters directly related to shielding manned spacecraft. Then, the current status of the safety criteria used in the shielding calculations is discussed. The rest of the survey is devoted to the rationale for spacecraft radiation shielding calculations. The recently completed long-term space flights indicate the reliability of the radiation safety measures used for the near-Earth space exploration. While planning long-term interplanetary flights, it is necessary to solve a number of complicated technological problems related to the radiation protection of the crew.

Cosmic Radiation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiobiological aspects of the research of the National Commission on Radiation Protection in 1982-1986].

In this report, L.A. Iléen, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences amd Chairman of the National Commission of Radiation Protection (NCRP) of the USSR Ministry of Health, Professor L.A. ++Buldakov, Professor Yu. I. Moskalev and Director G.M. Avetisov, Scientific Secretary of the NCRP, advanced the radiobiological aspects of the work of the Commission in the period of 1982 - 1986 which were approved at the Meeting of the Commission on April 23, 1982.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2005

Radiation protection for your hands.

A prospective clinical trial was performed to assess the suitability of a new type of sterilisable, user-friendly radiation protection glove. In a preliminary trial, we showed that the dominant hand of the primary operating orthopaedic surgeon receives the highest dose of radiation. During a 4-month period, 98 procedures were done requiring the use of an image intensifier. The doses of radiation to the dominant hand of the operating surgeon were reduced to less than the doses of radiation to the non-dominant hand. The glove was sterilisable, user-friendly and accepted by the majority of surgeons. It offers greater than 90% attenuation of X-rays and is superior to all other scatter gloves on the market.

Gloves, Protective↗
PubMed1979

The fixed horizontal neutron therapy beam at Edinburgh: dosimetry and radiation protection.

A compact cyclotron producing 15 MeV deuterons has been installed at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, to extend the Medical Research Council's clinical trials of fast neutrons. Two treatment rooms are available one of which has an isocentric unit and the other a fixed horizontal beam which is the subject of this paper. A radiation protection survey has demonstrated safe levels of radiation throughout the building although there is some activation of the fixed horizontal beam cone resulting in doses to radiographers of 10 mrem per week. The calibration of neutron dose is discussed and the measurements of dose distribution described. Isodose and depth-dose data for both the neutron and photon components of the field are presented.

Air↗
PubMed2002

IAEA TLD based audits for radiation protection calibrations at Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories. International Atomic Energy Agency.

The IAEA has developed a TLD system with the aim of checking 137Cs radiation protection calibrations provided by the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs). The SSDLs are supplied with TLDs and they are asked to irradiate them at 5 mGy air kerma. The dosemeters are evaluated by the IAEA. The routine service was established in 1999. The service is organised in two runs per year. Each run involves 15 laboratories. The results of two pilot studies (1997-1998) and audits (1999-2000) are presented. They show that about 30% of the results are outside the acceptance limit of +/-3.5%. This limit has been set up as an acceptable deviation and is based on the value of the relative standard uncertainty of the TL measurements, evaluated at 1.8%. Participants with results outside the acceptance limit were approached with the aim to resolve discrepancies.

Austria↗