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St. John Health consists of nine hospitals throughout southern Michigan. Recently, in an attempt to brand the system as the state's premiere place for medical services, the system launched 'Real Medicine', a campaign that brands all nine hospitals together. Using print, radio, and television spots, the effort also integrates direct mail collateral and brochures to reach consumers.
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The maximum train speed of the Tohoku Shinkansen was increased from 210 to 240 km/h in March 1985. In order to determine the effects of the expected increase in noise level on the living environment of school children, a longitudinal study was carried out in an elementary school near the Tohoku Shinkansen line in Saitama prefecture comprising noise measurements and social surveys of the school children and their mothers using a questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. When measured 25 meters away from the railroad track, the noise level increased from 73 to 76 dB (A)along the inbound track, while it increased from 77 to 78 dB (A)along the outbound track. 2. The maximum noise level in a classroom when an outbound train passed at a speed of 216 km/h was 67 dB(A). 3. In the school environment the most pronounced effects of the Shinkansen noise were annoyance and listening disturbance, with the percentages reporting such significantly increasing after the speed-up. 4. In the home environment the most pronounced effects of the Shinkansen were annoyance, structural vibration, television interference, and listening disturbance. However, the percentages of these complaints did not show any significant change after the speed-up. 5. Among those living near the railroad track there were significant differences between children and their mothers in the percentages reporting annoyance, television and radio listening interference, and structural vibration, with the percentages for the mothers being higher than their children. These results indicate that disturbances in listening has especially increased in the school environment after the speed-up and that the increase in both noise levels and number of train passages have contributed to increasing disturbance.
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Genetic counselling and related services are generally provided at major university medical centres because they are very specialized. The need for rurally based genetic services prompted the inclusion of an outreached program in the Alberta Hereditary Diseases Program (AHDP), which was established in 1979; the AHDP was designed to provide services to the entire province through two regional centres and seven outreach clinics. There is a community health nurse in almost every health unit whose duties are either totally or partially devoted to the AHDP; thus, genetic help and information are as close as a rural health unit. The AHDP is designed to provide complete clinical (diagnostic, counselling and some management) services and laboratory (cytogenetic, biochemical and molecular) services for genetic disorders. In addition, the program emphasizes education and publishes a quarterly bulletin, which is sent free of charge to all physicians, hospitals, public health units, social service units, major radio and television stations, newspapers and public libraries and to selected individuals and groups in Alberta.
A 1988 survey regarding the level of knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among 505 clients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics demonstrated 80% correct responses. However, 13% thought AIDS could be transmitted via sharing utensils, and 51% were unaware that acquiring another STD could increase one's risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In addition, only 10% always used condoms. An average 69% of patients obtained their AIDS information from newspapers, magazines, television, or radio; and 30% acquired information from medical or clinic staffs. In response to this survey, a videotape on AIDS was developed to show to patients of STD clinics while they are waiting to see a physician.
To assess factors that affected utilization of breast self-examination in 160 women enrolled in masters degree programs--in nursing and in programs outside of health disciplines--a questionnaire sought information about 1) the relationship between practice of six basic preventive health measures and practice of breast self-examination, and 2) changes which occurred in women's practices of breast self-examination subsequent to the October 1974 mass media coverage of Mrs. Betty Ford's mastectomy. Descriptive data about other factors that influenced women's practice of breast self-examination were obtained. Findings indicated a relationship between positive practice of breast self-examination and positive practices of other preventive health measures in women of health and nonhealth orientation up to 35 years of age and under, but not in those over 35 years of age. Significantly increased breast self-examination practices in women of all ages were reported following Mrs. Ford's mastectomy. Implications favorable to the early detection of breast disease are suggested.
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Advertising or promotion comprises two aspects: the advertising message and the advertising medium. Since both aspects are viewed differently by various professions, including the dental profession, the current investigation was carried out to ascertain the attitude of South African dental practitioners. Although it was found that the majority of dentists were against the advertising of new practices and re-advertising of existing practices, the majority of the final year dental students of 1986 were in favour. Both groups, however, were against unlimited advertising and also preferred professional cards to press, radio and television as the medium of communication.
This paper is focused on the approaches used to advertise and promote smokeless tobacco products during the early to mid-1980s. These included traditional motifs that featured rugged-looking masculine models in sporting and outdoor settings as well as an expanded white-collar appeal. Smokeless tobacco was not affected by the ban on broadcast advertising of cigarettes that went into effect in 1971, and, until 1986, both print and broadcast media were used to advertise it. Promotional activities ranged from sponsorship of sporting events to offers for clothing bearing smokeless tobacco product logos. Despite the claims of manufacturers that advertising and promotional efforts were not targeted to youth, smokeless tobacco companies sponsored tobacco-spitting contests with teenage participants, a college marketing program, and college scholarships. In efforts that appeared designed to bolster their public image in the face of growing concern over the consequences of smokeless tobacco use by young people, companies like U.S. Tobacco Company contributed to major social programs, including, ironically, alcohol- and drug-abuse prevention programs. Spurred by public health groups, federal legislation was passed in 1986 that banned television and radio advertising of smokeless tobacco products and required manufacturers to include warning labels on their products on the potential health hazards of smokeless tobacco use.
Skin cancer has been increasingly identified as an important public health concern. Dramatic increases in the incidence of skin malignancies have led the dermatologic community in Ohio to organize a statewide program of education and free public screenings. The program reached multiple geographic areas throughout Ohio. Educational programs were presented on television and radio, in newspapers, in independent programs, and in schools. Skin cancer screenings ultimately evaluated 5,492 patients. Six hundred and twenty-three patients were found to have suspected malignancies, while an additional 1,647 patients were found to have premalignant lesions of skin. A total of 2,370 patients were therefore found to have significant findings (43.2%). These results emphasize the need for public education concerning this condition.
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A hypothesis concerning a chronic candida hypersensitivity syndrome caused by the presence of Candida albicans in the gut was put forward in the USA a decade ago. Lately this theory has gained much publicity in Norway through articles in the press and programs on the national radio and television. The purpose of this article is to give a presentation and critical evaluation of this syndrome. It is concluded that the theory of a chronic Candida hypersensitivity syndrome is speculative and devoid of experimental support.
Here we show a report about the incidence of leprosy in Rondonópolis, State of Mato Grosso in Brazil. We direct attention to the fact that the contemporary index of prevalence in Brazil doesn't correspond to our reality when one makes a program of dynamic research of new cases and clearances to the population, medical staff and co-workers, through lectures and programs on radio and television, besides articles in local papers.
Pharmacy public relations at a 130-bed rural hospital are described. Pharmacists at this hospital worked through their public relations department to promote a favorable public image for the institution by staffing information booths at public gatherings, writing articles for local newspapers on health-related issues, writing and recording public-service announcements for radio and television, and making presentations at local church and civic organizations. These activities also focused on the hospital pharmacists' role as medication specialists. Within the hospital, pharmacists have used displays to explain pharmacy matters to physicians and nurses. Through external and internal public-relations projects, the role of the hospital pharmacist can be promoted.