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Does formaldehyde cause nasopharyngeal cancer in man?

Formaldehyde is a widely used industrial chemical, which also has uses in consumer products, and hence large numbers of people are exposed to it. It is also an endogenous metabolite with measurable levels in body fluids and tissues. The reports of its carcinogenicity to rats have raised concern about its potential to cause a carcinogenic response in exposed populations. This letter reviews the information on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde, particularly to the upper respiratory tract, in animals and man.

Adenoma↗

Comparison of the effect of beta-oxidized dipropylnitrosamine metabolites administered at equimolar doses to Syrian hamsters.

After subcutaneous administration of dipropylnitrosamine (DPN) to Syrian hamsters, gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the 16-h urine revealed the DPN metabolites, 2-hydroxypropyl-, 2-oxopropyl-, and methylpropylnitrosamines. In a related series of experiments, hamsters received equimolar doses of the above compounds and of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)-amine (BHP) and 2,2'-dimethyldipropylnitrosamine (DMDPN). The metabolites as well as BHP and DMDPN had a weaker effect than did DPN on the rate and/or latency of respiratory tumors. In the respiratory tract, the segmental tumor distribution and histological types varied according to the compounds. The metabolites of DPN induced additional tumors in the digestive tract. These experiments do not support the concept that the beta-oxidized metabolites of DPN are the proximate carcinogens of the parent compound.

Animals↗