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PubMedDate not supplied

Incorporation of epidemiological findings into radiation protection standards.

In standard setting there is a tendency to use data from experimental studies in preference to findings from epidemiological studies. Yet the epidemiological studies are usually the first and at times the only source of data on such critical effects as cancer, reproductive failure, and chronic cardiac and cardiovascular disease in exposed humans. A critique of the protection offered by current and proposed standards for ionizing and non-ionizing radiation illustrates some of the problems. Similar problems occur with water and air pollutants and with occupational exposures of many types. The following sorts of problems were noted: (a) Consideration of both thermal and non-thermal effects especially of non-ionizing radiation. (b) Interpretation of non-significant results as equivalent to no effect. (c) Accepting author's interpretation of a study, rather than examining its data independently for evidence of hazard. (d) Discounting data on unanticipated effects because of poor fit to preconceptions. (e) Dependence on threshold assumptions and demonstrations of dose-response relationships. (f) Choice of insensitive epidemiological indicators and procedures. (g) Consideration of each study separately, rather than giving weight to the conjunction of evidence from all available studies. These problems may be minimized by greater involvement of epidemiologists and their professional organizations in decisions about health protection.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMed1991

Additive effects of prostaglandin E2 and pulsed electromagnetic fields on fracture healing.

Bone formation of fractured fibulae stimulated by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), PGE2, and combination of both was assessed with roentgenography and fluorescent labelling compounds, tetracycline, xylenol orange, and calcein. A total of 72 male New Zealand rabbits was osteotomized by creating a 1 mm-gap at fibulae and randomly divided into 8 groups: one control, one treated with PEMF, three treated with PGE2 of various dosages, and three treated with combined treatments of PEMF and PGE2 of specified dosages. PEMF had positive effects on bone formation. Exogenous PGE2 mimicked the effect of PEMF on linear bone growth. The effect of PGE2 on bone formation or bone remodelling was dose-related (5, 15, 50 micrograms/kg), with 5 micrograms/kg body weight as the optimal dosage in this study. Combination of PEMF and PGE2 exhibited a trend of additive effect on bone formation, especially at 15 micrograms/kg of PGE2. It is hypothesized that PEMF may exert its action on bone healing by increasing the endogenous PGE2. We therefore concluded that external stimulation such as PEMF and PGE2 was beneficial and stimulatory towards bone formation and healing in our animal model. However, the effects were somehow specific in electrical waveforms and dosage. Similar to PEMF, PGE2, therefore, may be a potential agent in promoting bone formation in the clinical treatments of fractures or perhaps non-union.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The bioelectronic connectional system (BCS): a therapeutic target for non ionizing radiation.

Among cells and extracellular matrix have been demonstrated reciprocal interactions of oriented morphogenesis. As collagen fibers of the matrix, keratin filaments of desmosomes and the cytoskeleton elements are all piezoelectric substances, with particular biophysical characters, it is possible that these three classes of biostructures are the morphological expressions of a large and unitary cooperative system for coherent communication among cells, by means of piezoelectric interactions and photon/phonon transduction of electromagnetic signals, both endogenous and exogenous. The Author has proposed in 1989 to classify this morphofunctional complex as a bioelectronic connectional system (BCS), in which connective tissue is largely included, but the functions of which go well beyond its classical mechanical ones. The hypothesis is consistent both with the model of Welch and Berry (protonic energy continuum) and with the concept of bioplasma (Inyushin, Sedlak et al.). Physiology and pathology of BCS could also work as a starting point for experimental research aiming at inducing order in biostructures by means of non ionizing radiation.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of an electric field of industrial frequency on selected biochemical parameters in the guinea pig liver].

50 Hz high tension (HT) electric field is not indifferent to the health of human beings and living organisms within the range of its effects. The electric field effects may be illustrated by man's EEG and blood changes, plants cellular structure, or an increase in animals' body weight and some organs. The work has been aimed at demonstrating that the electric field of 100 kV/m intensity and 50 Hz frequency affects selected biochemical parameters of guinea pigs' liver. The experiments have shown statistical changes in nucleic acid soluble proteins and alanine and asparagine aminotransferases.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Optical polarizabilities and related properties of a few biomolecules by new dispersion relation.

As an extension of our studies on simple and macromolecules, the optical polarizabilities of some biomolecules (Glycine, L-alanine and folic acid) have been studied using new dispersion relation. Diamagnetic susceptibilities and electron ionization cross sections for these biomolecules have also been evaluated. The relative merits, feasibility and the limitations of the dispersion relation in relation to other reported methods are discussed critically. The use of the studies in this direction are also cited briefly.

Alanine↗
PubMed1989

Non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation and cancer--is there a relationship?

A number of problems become evident when we attempt to assess the data in this review. We must first acknowledge the fact that EM radiation, as opposed to some chemical and physical pollutants which can be seen, tasted, or detected by odor, is in most situations not detected by human senses. This fact alone, however, does not prove or disprove the conjecture that EMR is a potential health hazard. The studies on the effects of EMR on cell systems, animals, and human subjects, report results which promote in some and reject in others the hypothesis that EMR in the ELF and microwave range is carcinogenic. Much of the criticism of the studies on human subjects centers around (1) quantifying exposure to EM Fields; (2) the epidemiologic-statistical methods used to gather, study, and interpret the data; and (3) lack of data studying co-carcinogens. Although there is no convincing evidence that EMR is carcinogenic, the uncertainty, in addition to the ubiquity of EMR, makes study of its possible health effects and its carcinogenic potential an essential part of future medical and epidemiologic research.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the optical properties of video display terminals].

Video display terminals (VDTs) pose to these operating then professionally risks resulting from optical properties of the screen, lighting conditions and organization of VDT workplaces. The latest Polish VDTs have been tested to determine their ultraviolet and infrared radiation, screen luminance depth and light reflection factors of the casing, key-buttons and documents serving as information sources. The ultraviolet and infrared radiation did not reach a health-hazardous level, however the light reflection factors were highly differentiated and showed unsuitable distribution inside the operator's visual field; the luminance pulsation of the screen exhibits a considerable depth. The findings promoted defining some rules of the proper use of VDTs.

Computer Systems↗