Reproductive technology, Catholicism, feminism, and the thesis of bootstrap pessimism.
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More than 2 years have passed since legislation was first proposed in New York to remedy the absence of legal authority for family members who must make important health care decisions for incapacitated loved ones who have left no advance directives. This legislation, the "Family Health Care Decisions Act," included standards for surrogate decision-making and safeguards for surrogate decisions about the use of life-sustaining treatments. This article argues in favor of the legislation and discusses the concerns presented in opposition.
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In an exploratory, open-ended, and non-random study, 60 health care workers in nine long-term care institutions in Israel were questioned regarding their experiences, thoughts and feelings related to force feeding senile demented patients. The main findings were analysed according to an ethical decision-making model. Israeli care workers tended to ground their explanations in traditional Jewish sanctity of life ethics. Their actions as well as their emotional reactions seemed the logical outcome of this world view: patients were force fed and caregivers did not feel guilt for using force or accepting suffering, since they felt obliged to preserve life and thus their actions were right. They did feel ugly and upset about the situation. While most caregivers felt that force feeding was the only acceptable route in an institution, some suggested family home care where discretionary case by case ethics was seen as a viable alternative. This paper compares the Israeli interview results with those of the Swedish studies.
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