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PubMed1993

[Control strategies against salmonella infections in poultry raising at the European Economic Community level--translation of the so-called Economic Community Zoonoses Guideline].

Since at the end of the eighties there were reports on an increased occurrence in Great Britain of salmonella enteritidis infections in human beings which were predominantly caused by raw egg dishes, the Commission of the EEC also started activities designed as a protection against such an obvious new dimension of salmonella infections. Mainly prompted by British activities, the Commission of the EEC elaborated a proposal for a Zoonosis Directive of the EEC. This proposal was intended to provide for the recording of data on specific zoonoses and their pathogenic agents--i.e. a monitoring--as well as for the measures to be introduced at Community level or in the member states. The Directive was adopted in the Council of Ministers of Agriculture on 17 December 1992 (Directive 92/117/EEC), it is to be translated by a poultry salmonella regulation of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry. It will provide for controls by the farm manager, for official controls as well as for official measures including f.i. a quarantine of the poultry stock and a killing of the fowl. Beginning in 1995, there will probably be reports on EEC measures in the feeding stuffs sector (microbiological controls) as well as on national hygiene measures in the fields of egg marketing, raw egg consumption in canteens and voluntary control in laying hen farms--in anticipation of an EEC regulation on these stocks.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Schistosoma intercalatum and relapses of Salmonella infection in children.

Twenty-five African children from Libreville had concomitant typhoid or paratyphoid fever (Salmonella typhi, 4 children; Salmonella paratyphi A, 1; S. paratyphi B, 5; S. paratyphi C, 15) and Schistosoma intercalatum infection. In 19 children treated for both infections, no relapse occurred. In the six others, antibiotics alone were given and the Salmonella infection relapsed after 1 month. No relapse occurred after a second course of antibiotics together with treatment for the S. intercalatum infection. This observation suggests that S. intercalatum prolongs Salmonella infection, as do other species of schistosomes. The concomitant treatment of both infections is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

The effect of chlortetracycline feed additive on experimental salmonella infection of swine and antibiotic resistance transfer.

Four Salmonella strains were used. With two, S. canada and S. enteritidis, establishment of infection in pigs was poor. Although improved establishment was achieved with two strains of S. typhimurium, no infections were extensive. No significant difference was detected between excretion of infecting strains by pigs receiving chlortetracycline at levels of ten gm per ton of feed and that by control counterparts. Comparable establishment of S. typhimurium S192 was achieved in pigs receiving 20 or 40 gm of chlortetracycline per ton. Resistant variants were isolated from some animals in all experiments using S. typhimurium S192. Almost without exception such variants were isolated only after specimen enrichment. The numbers of specimens from test animals yielding resistant variants were more than twice those of control counterparts. Numbers of such variants in material from the former were much greater. In vitro transfer of resistance to S. typhimurium S192 was demonstrated both in waters from drinking troughs and during specimen enrichment. The former, indicating the risk of transfer in pigs' environments and packing houses, has disturbing implications for public health. The latter emphasizes the difficulties of determining antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens as they occur in the animal body.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1982

Defined salmonella antigens for detection of cellular and humoral immune responses in salmonella infected calves.

Intracutaneous injection of a crude supernatant fraction from homogenised Salmonella typhimurium SVA 44 (O 4, 5, 12) or S dublin SVA 47 (O 9, 12) elicited highly significant (P less than 0.005) double skin-fold thickness increases in calves spontaneously infected with salmonella and verified as excretors. The use of isolated structurally defined outer membrane components from salmonella bacteria established that the delayed skin reactions could be elicited by either the lipopolysaccharide which contains O-antigenic polysaccharide chains homologous to the infecting strain, or an outer membrane protein fraction (porin). The porin preparation gave rise to skin reactions regardless of which salmonella serotype the calf was infected with. Histological examination of biopsy material indicated a delayed skin reaction. No such reactions were seen in biopsies from control calves. The use of lipopolysaccharide permitted a salmonella serogroup specific skin test although the endotoxic side effects were marked in doses above 50 micrograms. Purified O-antigen specific polysaccharides devoid of lipid A from S typhimurium (O 4, 12) or S enteritidis (O 9, 12) failed however to elicit skin reactions. Infected calves had humoral antibody titres against the O antigen of the infecting strain which were significantly (P less than 0.005) higher than those found in control calves.

Animals↗