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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Treatment of reperfusion injury in dogs with experimentally induced gastric dilatation-volvulus.

In dogs, gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is characterized by cardiogenic shock, with resulting hypoperfusion. Treatment goals include reperfusion of transiently ischemic tissues, which indicates that reperfusion injury may be a factor in the physiopathogenesis of GDV. Recently, we obtained data that indicate that reperfusion injury may be involved in experimentally induced GDV. Using this GDV model, we evaluated mortality in 24 dogs of 4 equal groups, treated with deferoxamine (an iron chelator), dimethylsulfoxide (a free radical scavenger), a combination of the 2 drugs, or isotonic saline solution. All 6 dogs that were given deferoxamine survived; however, 3 dogs of the dimethylsulfoxide-treated group, 2 dogs of the combination-treated group, and 4 dogs of the saline-treated group died. Results of the study indicate that mortality associated with experimentally induced GDV is reduced by appropriate and timely pharmacologic intervention to prevent or attenuate reperfusion injury, and that deferoxamine may be more effective than dimethylsulfoxide.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Relationship of plasma gastrin immunoreactivity and gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with previous gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Fasting and postprandial gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (GESP) and plasma gastrin immunoreactivity were measured in 6 dogs from 9 through 60 months after treatment for and recovery from gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). The GESP was not significantly increased in these dogs, compared with that in clinically normal dogs in either the fasting or postprandial state. Corresponding plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was not significantly increased in dogs of the GDV-recovered group, compared with that in clinically normal dogs (fasting or postprandial). An exaggerated increase in GESP in response to food-induced gastrin release was not observed in dogs of the GDV-recovered group. Exogenously administered pentagastrin (3-micrograms/kg bolus, IV) increased fasting GESP in clinically normal dogs over a 4-minute test period (P = 0.01). Gastric distention in response to oral administration of isosmolar saline solution (500 ml) did not significantly increase GESP or plasma gastrin immunoreactivity in clinically normal dogs. In anesthetized clinically normal dogs, gastric distention in response to use of balloons filled to exert intragastric pressure of 30 mm of Hg also did not cause significant increase in plasma gastrin immunoreactivity. Increased GESP, secondary to hypergastrinemia or gastric distention, is an unlikely cause of eructation failure in dogs with GDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Eosinophilic mucosal infiltrate in infants with congenital gastrointestinal obstruction.

Infiltration of the antrum and small bowel with eosinophils has been reported to be the etiologic factor for intestinal obstruction in adults with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. We report a case of a breast-fed 8-month-old infant with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE), who presented with severe hematemesis and congenital obstruction of the duodenum, to emphasize that not all obstructive symptoms associated with EGE are secondary to eosinophilic infiltration. Our patient displayed many of the classic signs and symptoms of EGE, including an elevated absolute eosinophil count and marked eosinophilic infiltration in mucosal biopsies from the duodenum, stomach, and esophagus. At surgery there was marked dilation of the first portion of the duodenum and obstruction of the second portion due to malrotation of the intestine with Ladd's bands, duodenal stenosis, and annular pancreas. The dramatic clinical response to surgical correction of the duodenal obstruction leaves little doubt that this patient's symptoms were related to the anatomical lesion.

Duodenal Obstruction↗
PubMed1993

Degenerative leiomyopathy in African children: a review of current perspectives.

The syndrome of degenerative leiomyopathy causing intestinal obstruction clinically manifests in young indigenous African children as massive megacolon without aganglionosis. Eighteen children have been seen over a 16 year period from a localized geographic area. There were 10 males and 8 females having a mean age of 9.5 years at presentation and a mean duration of symptoms of 4.3 years. The youngest was 6 months old. All had progressive abdominal distension and infrequent stooling but 11 had intermittent diarrhoea and 9 had colicky abdominal pain. Gross gaseous distension of the large bowel with extension into small intestine occurred in 9 and this extended into stomach and oesophagus in 4. Biopsy of the dilated, thin walled bowel showed smooth muscle degeneration and necrosis with replacement by fibrous tissue. Neuronal cells of Auerbach's plexus tend to be displaced into the circular layer of smooth muscle with mild inflammatory changes. Some small arteries show medial fibrosis with subintimal fibroblastic proliferation. Acetylcholinesterase and immunohistochemical staining with neural and muscle markers are within normal limits. One child died while 14 have been maintained on prokinetic agents, low residue diets, laxatives and enemas. Nine children have required surgical intervention of whom 4 had volvulus and 3 adhesive bowel obstruction. Degenerative leiomyopathy is a distinctive entity with classical clinical and histological features. The aetiology is still obscure.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Use of metallic stents and balloons in the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract.

The majority of malignant and benign strictures in the esophagus and GI tract can be treated with use of minimally invasive alternatives to surgery such as balloon dilation or metallic stents. Virtually any obstructing lesion in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum can be treated with these methods with use of interventional radiologic or endoscopic techniques. In general, metallic stents are reserved for malignant strictures and balloon dilation is indicated for benign lesions. Patients with malignant esophageal fistulas and perforations can be palliated effectively and promptly by sealing the fistula or leak by deployment of a covered stent. Patients with malignant disease may benefit from a treatment regime that includes metallic stent placement, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or brachytherapy, although the efficacy of such combined therapies has yet to be defined. Further refinements to stent design are required. The ideal stent would be resistant to tumor ingrowth and migration. Placing a coating material on uncovered stents to prevent tumor ingrowth may achieve these aims. Finally, a biodegradable stent that dissolves before the development of intimal hyperplasia might enable stents to be used to treat benign strictures.

Catheterization↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy as a tool to assist pneumatic dilation in a difficult case of sigmoid esophagus.

We describe a case of a long-standing, untreated achalasia with a huge sigmoid esophagus in a 58-year-old Caucasian man who declined surgery. All means of classical endoscopic approach for pneumatic dilation, including the use of an overtube, were impossible because any attempt to propel the balloon dilator made the guide wire pull back out of the stomach because of the large loops and the tortuosity of the esophagus. For this reason, we used, for the first time, a combined approach of percutaneous gastrostomy and endoscopy in order to fix the guide wire at two points, achieving a pneumatic dilation in this way. A few months later, a significant improvement in the symptoms and nutritional status of the patient were observed.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1989

Effects of RS-1893, a novel cardiotonic agent, on central and peripheral hemodynamics in anesthetized rats.

After the use of two radionuclides in the tracer microspheres technique in the rat was verified, we examined the central and peripheral hemodynamic effects of RS-1893, an orally active cardiotonic agent. An intravenous infusion of RS-1893 at a dose of 3 micrograms/kg/min gradually decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate and cardiac output. Blood flows in the kidney and stomach were increased. There was no organ in which blood flow was decreased despite the fall in blood pressure. These data suggest that RS-1893 dilates blood vessels in the whole body, especially in the kidney and stomach.

Anesthesia↗