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PubMed1983

Temporal variations of temperature of the breast by cholesteric liquid crystal contact plate thermography.

Thermography of the breast is considered by some to be a risk marker for the presence of abnormalities of the breast. Circadian variations in the temperature of the skin of normal and cancerous breasts have been documented. A temporal study was undertaken to verify whether or not thermograms obtained at different hours of the day are sufficiently similar to be clinically useful. Eleven healthy women underwent four serial thermographic evaluations each at three to four hour intervals. Significant differences were observed between the early morning results and subsequent evaluations. Reproducible thermograms were obtained for all studies done from 12 noon onward. This is a possible indication that the timing of thermographic examinations has to be standardized to ensure that reliable comparisons are being made.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Microwave thermography--characteristics of waveguide applicators and signatures of thermal structures.

In this paper, we study the problem of the interpretation of the signals provided by microwave thermography, which allows the detection of the thermal gradients in living tissues. These signals correspond to the thermal noise measured by a radiometer when the probe scans the surface of the tissues (passive process). We describe how these signals can be computed by means of a new method based on the antenna reciprocity principle. This process requires a knowledge of the electrical field distribution in the lossy medium when the applicator is radiating a microwave signal (active process). Examples of computations of the thermal signals and experimental verifications are presented. Then, we introduce a new concept of 'thermal signature' and show how it is possible to reach a quantitative interpretation of the thermal signals such as those obtained in clinical investigations (thermal pattern recognition).

Microwaves↗

PubMed1980

Benoxaprofen--dose-range studies using quantitative thermography.

Fifty-four hospitalized patients with rheumatoid arthritis participated in a dose-range study comparing benoxaprofen with placebo and in a further study comparing benoxaprofen with indomethacin. Assessments were made after a "washout period" weekly for 3 wk. There was clinical improvement with time in both the placebo and active drug groups which was attributable to bed rest and hospitalization. Assessments of pain, function, and analgesic consumption showed that benoxaprofen had analgesic activity at all dose levels. Computerized thermography showed that, at a dosage of 600 mg daily, benoxaprofen had a significant antiinflammatory effect; this observation was confirmed by the comparison with indomethacin. No side effects were noted in patients taking benoxaprofen.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗

PubMed1982

Liquid crystal thermography of the testicles in the diagnosis of infertility.

The use of liquid crystal thermography (LCT) of the testicles in diagnosis of infertility was investigated. Varicocele, the most common cause of male infertility, is easily detectable by LCT. The technique may be used as a control after surgical treatment. In the majority of patients with oligo-azoospermia, LCT corresponded to physical examination of the testicles. In patients with oligo-azoospermia and both testicles normal to palpation, LCT is useful method for determining the colder testicle for biopsy purposes.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Current methods of vascular exploration: Doppler, thermography, capillaroscopy].

According to a national study, the currently available vascular investigations give fragmentary information. Ultrasound velocimetry is usually normal, but sometimes, it reveals, early in the course of the disease, an original finding, diastolic flow. Thermography demonstrates thermic gradients in phase I, hyper- or iso-thermia in phase II and hypothermia in phase III. Capillaroscopy can demonstrate pericapillary edema, venulo-capillary stasis and tortuosities which are non-specific criteria, only significant by their associations. This study needs to be pursued in order to define the course of these vasomotor changes.

Angiography↗

PubMed1982

The use of thermography in the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of feprazone on rheumatoid arthritis.

By means of the exploration of patients suffering from an active, unequivocal rheumatoid arthritis it was possible to show the unequivocal, and antiinflammatory effect of 4-phenyl-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (feprazone, Zepelin). Moreover, it was documented that thermography is a very suitable medium to furnish proof of this effect and can be used to the advantage of the patients in clinical routine. The physiological processes of the production and distribution of heat must be taken into account to avoid false interpretation of thermograms.

Aging↗

PubMed1981

[Liquid-crystal thermography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis complicated by biliary peritonitis].

The paper is summing up the experience concerning the application of liquid crystalline thermography in order to diagnose various forms of acute cholecystitis complicated by biliary peritonitis. The method was used in 56 patients with various forms of acute cholecystitis and in 30 healthy middle-aged people. The authors believe the method used to give more exact diagnosis of the spread and phase of the inflammatory process in different forms of acute cholecystitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1981

[Subclinical varicocele: detection using Doppler and thermography].

We think that we must find out a varicocele in every case of oligospermia, asthenospermia and teratospermia, particularly with spindle-shaped spermatozoa. If the clinical examination remains negative, it is necessary to provoke a backflow at the Doppler by carrying out a Valsalva's maneuver. If the obtained result is positive, we must then make a high ligature on the left vena spermatica. It seems that the bursae thermography has a prognostic value on the spermogramme's evolution following a subclinical varicocele cure.

Humans↗

PubMed1981

Arteriovenous communications in varicose veins localized by thermography and identified by operative microscopy.

By thermography the hottest spots of varicosities were localized. At surgery they were found to correlate well to the sites of small pulsating arteries joining the varicosities but did not show correspondence to incompetent perforating veins. At peroperative measurements these arteriovenous communications (AVC) ranged from 0.1-2 mm. Most of them (79%) were within 0.2-0.8 mm with a median value of 0.6 mm. Unexpectedly, direct communication of an arteriovenous nature between perforating veins and adjacent arteries was frequently seen at the fascial level or immediately beneath it. AVC to varicose and perforating veins were demonstrated in 64% (100/157) of explorations performed. The continuity of the suggested AVC was visually confirmed by microscopical anatomical isolation of the affluent artery or by observation of pulsatile bleeding on the inadvertent division of such a vessel. Operative microscopy was performed in 35 and magnifying glasses were used in a further 16 patients. Overall 79% of subfascially isolated perforating veins were equal to or smaller than 2.4 mm and 61% equal to or smaller than 1.8 mm. Perforating veins were missing in totally 47% (74/157 explorations) which means a frequent occurrence of clearly well-defined hot varicosities which could not be explained by retrograde flow through either incompetent perforating veins or by saphenous trunk insufficiency. The unexpected incongruity between the occurrence of well-defined hot varicosities and incompetent perforating veins discredits the traditional concept of their import with respect to varicose development. The only plausible explanation to the pooling of hot varicose blood was the identified arteries, inevitably supporting the role of arteriovenous communication in varicose development.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[The status of contact thermography in screening of breast diseases].

The difficulties currently associated with the effective screening of diseases of the breast are discussed. Personal experience with contact thermography in an oncological out-patient department in the early diagnosis of breast tumours is referred to in a proposal that this technique be adopted for mass screening. The operating costs are examined, and an assessment is made of the suitability of the method, with particular regard to its harmlessness, effectiveness, and practicality.

Breast Diseases↗

PubMed1980

Identifying scoliosis in the adolescent with thermography: a preliminary study.

Early diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is essential to prevent severe deformity. The accuracy of thermographic examination of the spine in the detection of minor degrees of curvature has been assessed in 125 asymptomatic young persons mean age 13.4 +/- 0.8 years who were also examined clinically and by spinal X-ray. Assessment of thermograms selected at random from the group of 154 young subjects showed that thermography has a sensitivity of 98.2% and a specificity of 91.0% in the identification of scoliosis when compared with radiography. Thermographic examination of the spine is simple, noninvasive and provides a permanent recording which is easily interpreted. It may provide an ideal method for use in large-scale prospective surveys. The criteria used to detect the thermographic abnormality associated with idiopathic scoliosis was derived from the spinal thermograms of 29 patients, mean age 10.25 +/- 4.65 years with known scoliosis, mean angle of curve 27 degrees +/- 12 degrees. In contrast to the thermal symmetry of the normal spine, all the thermograms of these patients show asymmetry, characteristically an increase in thermal emission on the concave aspect of the curve. Eight of the 16 patients with scoliosis with minor curves and a characteristic thermogram were not detected clinically. There were 25 asymmetrical thermograms in the asymptomatic group. Three of these patients had a simple postural defect, 5 had dorsal kyphosis and 16 had idiopathic scoliosis. Postural defects and kyphosis were readily recognized on clinical examination and did not produce the characteristic scoliotic thermogram.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Left arm thermography in early and maturity onset obesity.

Left-arm thermography and adipose-tissue biopsy of triceps skinfold have been performed in seven patients with obesity of early onset (EO), seven with maturity-onset obesity (MO) and seven non-obese control subjects (C). Obese patients were within the same range for age, physical activity, excess body-fat content and skinfold thickness; mean fat-cell diameter was found to be significantly higher in the group MO than either EO (P less than 0.05) or C subjects (P less than 0.01). Colour thermograms, as evaluated by a well-standardized score system, showed that skin temperature was higher in MO than in EO or C cases (P less than 0.05). The combination of fat-cell hyperplasia and lower thermal losses from the skin, indicative of a lower rate of energy expenditure, may explain the higher frequency of therapeutically refractory cases in EO than MO patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of thermography in the overall examination of oncological patients].

Possibilities of remote thermography for differential diganosis of malignant and bening tumours are described. It helps in more exact definition of tumours topography and distribution for better planning of their irradiation. Diagnostic accuracy at the combined thermographic and radioisotope investigations was proved on 153 women with mammary gland diseases and on 77 women with soft tissue damage. Some recommendations offered concern the improvement of thermovision apparatus.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1980

Contact scrotal thermography. II. Use in the infertile male.

The results of the use of a new contact scrotal thermographic instrument in 112 patients in a fertility clinic are presented. Animal studies comparing accuracy to Thermistor probe measurements show strong positive correlation. This modality is useful for evaluation of patients with persistently abnormal semen analyses after a varicocele ligation to determine which patients might benefit from invasive retrograde venography to detect persistent venous trunks. Patients with a questionable varicocele or "subclinical" varicocele comprise the group that benefits most from this diagnostic instrument. There were 24 patients in this category, and the results of contact scrotal thermography are discussed. Three of these patients have had high ligation of the spermatic vein on the basis of these studies and the results have been good.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Thermography in erectile dysfunction (author's transl)].

Thermography is an easy means of selecting patients in terms of vascular or psychological pathology in erectile dysfunction. The results are quite reliable, even though there are sometimes disagreements, or difficulties, in performing the examination (short penis or semi-horizontal at rest). It is nevertheless important to evaluate the results in conjunction with those of other non-traumatic investigations such as the Döppler effect, without seeking to oppose them, disagreements often being the source of useful information. Arteriography is far more traumatic and should be reserved for doubtful cases or those difficult to investigate.

Erectile Dysfunction↗

PubMed1994

[Contact regulation thermography: a useful diagnostic procedure?].

Contact regulation thermography is one of the unconventional medical diagnostic procedures, and is based on the individual adaptive behavior of the subject with respect to temperature. Its proponents believe that a specific medical diagnosis can be established on the basis of varying temperature differences. Studies carried out to date have produced mixed results. The increasing use of this procedure, not only in complementary medicine, makes it necessary to undertake a critical examination of the method. Care-providing physicians should question their patients about other unconventional medical diagnostic procedures to which they have been submitted, and inform them about the dubious nature of non-evaluated methods.

Body Temperature Regulation↗

PubMed1994

[Nitroglycerin tape for Raynaud's phenomenon of rheumatic disease patients--an evaluation of skin temperature by thermography].

Topical nitroglycerin has been tried for the alleviation of Raynaud's phenomenon in rheumatic diseases, but its effect is not widely recognized. We evaluated the effect of nitroglycerin tape (NTG tape) for peripheral circulatory failure of 7 patients with rheumatic diseases (4 women and 3 men, aged 35-73 years). The underlying rheumatic diseases included: systemic sclerosis 4 patients, polyarteritis nodosa (PN) 1 patient, cutaneous PN 1 patient and digital microinfarction with pulmonary fibrosis 1 patient. An NTG tape (containing 2.5 mg of nitroglycerin) was applied unilaterally on one forearm or leg, and the change in skin temperature was evaluated by thermography. Skin temperature of the extremities significantly increased at 2 and 3 hours after the application of NTG tape. Feeling of cold and/or pain improved in all patients. Adverse effect was headache in one patient. These results suggest that NTG tape may deserve further use in the treatment of peripheral circulatory failure in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1995

[Evaluation of the peripheral skin sympathetic function by cooling thermography in women with climacteric complaints].

To evaluate the peripheral skin sympathetic function, cooling thermography was performed on women with climacteric complaints (CG) and without them (NG). Both hands were immersed into 4 degree C water for 1 minute ant the nail temperature of the right second finger was measured before and after the stress every 1 minute for 7 minutes. And the recovery rate was calculated. By dividing the CG groups by the 5 minute recovery rate minus the 2SD of the NG groups, there was seen to be a significant difference between the recovery patterns. One is a good recovery group (GR, N = 26) and the other is a poor recovery group (PR, N = 28). The significant difference between GR and PR groups was only recognized in the pre-cooling nail temperature. No significant difference was seen in age, Body Mass Index, Kupperman Index, symptoms, serum estradiol or serum testosterone levels. These results indicate that in about half of women with climacteric symptoms, peripheral skin sympathetic nerve function is continuously hypertensioned and the response to cooling stress is decreased. Although the reason for these results is not clear, sympathetic nerve dysfunction is supposed to be the main cause. This test is useful for evaluating peripheral skin sympathetic function.

Adult↗