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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Management of solid tumors in children: contribution of computed tomography.

To evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT) on therapeutic management decisions in solid tumors of the chest and abdomen, 92 examinations on 54 children with 13 histologic tumor types were analyzed. The CT impact on the management decisions was analyzed in relation to other diagnostic procedures of the same body part including sonography, chest films with tomography, abdominal/pelvic films, and excretory urography. Overall, CT provided the essential information of 47% of management decision. By confirming non-CT examination results it helped direct therapeutic decisions in 28%. No additional information was derived from CT in 20%. Technically poor studies in 5% resulted in CT errors. According to the procedural method, CT provided additional information in 42% when compared with sonography, in 38% when compared with chest films and tomography, in 41% when compared with abdominal/pelvic films, and in 27% when compared with intravenous urography. The investigation showed that CT provided information directly affecting the therapeutic management decision in a significant number of patients.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Myelography in cancer patients: modified technique.

Because of the frequency of multiple sites of involvement, a thorough evaluation of the entire spinal canal is essential for detection and treatment of spinal compression in cancer patients. For the examination of the entire spinal canal in cancer patients, a modified approach is described using water-soluble contrast medium (metrizamide), oil-based material (Pantopaque), and a "squeezing" technique for a complete myelographic block. Of 240 patients who underwent myelography for possible spinal compression, the squeezing technique was applied through a lumbar puncture to demonstrate a complete block in 39 patients; six of these had more than one block. Of the other 201 patients, the quality of the myelograms was satisfactory or excellent in 189 (94%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Neuroblastoma: the role of MR imaging.

Thirty-five MR examinations were performed in 17 children with neuroblastoma during the course of their diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Findings were confirmed by correlation with the results of other imaging techniques, biopsies, and surgical and autopsy findings. MR accurately detected the lesions and their extent in all patients. It correctly evaluated the possibility of resectability and showed metastases, response to treatment and development of complications. MR appears to be a reliable technique for the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of children with neuroblastoma.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Elastofibroma dorsi: radiologic findings in 12 patients.

OBJECTIVE: We report radiologic findings in 12 patients with elastofibroma dorsi to heighten radiologist awareness of the imaging characteristics of these benign, often asymptomatic lesions. Because these lesions can usually be diagnosed on the basis of their imaging characteristics, increased awareness of these characteristics will decrease misdiagnosis of these lesions as malignancies and avoid unnecessary biopsies and surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the radiology and pathology of nine patients with surgically excised elastofibromas and the radiology of three patients with radiologically diagnosed elastofibromas. RESULTS: Twenty-one elastofibromas were imaged in 12 patients. Female-to-male ratio was 5:1; mean age was 65 years old. Of the nine patients in whom both sides of the chest wall were imaged, all (100%) had bilateral elastofibromas. Nineteen elastofibromas (90%) had the typical CT and MR appearances described in the literature: a poorly circumscribed, heterogeneous soft-tissue mass, with tissue of attenuation or signal intensity similar to that of skeletal muscle interlaced with strands of fat. One elastofibroma imaged twice over a 4-year period showed interval growth. All elastofibromas were sub- or infrascapular or in both locations. Of the 21 elastofibromas imaged, only four were perceived by the initial interpreting radiologist, and of these, only one was correctly diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that many radiologists may not be aware of the diagnosis of elastofibroma, as few of the cases in our series were perceived or correctly diagnosed by the interpreting radiologist. Our cases show many of the classic findings of elastofibromas described in the literature. In addition, our series shows that elastofibromas are commonly bilateral, a feature that has not been strongly emphasized in the literature but one that is helpful in making the radiologic diagnosis. The finding of a similar contralateral lesion, when present, virtually eliminates malignancy from the differential diagnosis and further supports the presumptive diagnosis of elastofibromas. Increased awareness of the characteristic appearance and location of these benign, often asymptomatic lesions will increase radiologic diagnosis, decrease the need for biopsy, and decrease surgical removal of elastofibromas as presumed malignancies.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Elastofibroma dorsi: prevalence in an elderly patient population as revealed by CT.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to determine the prevalence and appearance of elastofibroma dorsi in an elderly patient population (n = 258) who underwent CT of the chest for reasons other than to evaluate posterolateral chest wall pain, stiffness, or a mass. CONCLUSION: Five elastofibromas were detected in four patients; none of these elastofibromas were noted at initial examination. Our study suggests that the prevalence of elastofibroma dorsi revealed by CT is 2%, which is lower than the 11-24% found in autopsy series but higher than expected for such a rare tumor. Elastofibroma dorsi typically has a layered appearance on CT; however, in our study, homogeneous soft-tissue attenuation was noted. The diagnosis is often missed prospectively. Familiarity with the location and imaging appearance of elastofibroma dorsi may enhance detection and characterization of posterolateral chest wall masses in elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of renal cell carcinoma.

The spectrum of ultrastructural features of a series of primary renal cell adenocarcinomas, including clear cell, granular, oncocytic, and sarcomatoid types, and a group of metastatic renal cell adeno-carcinomas has been studied. The contributions of electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry as adjuncts to light microscopy and histochemistry in the differential diagnosis of metastatic renal cell adenocarcinoma in various anatomic locations are reviewed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of hydralazine to manipulate tumour temperatures during hyperthermia.

Hydralazine is an antihypertensive drug which theoretically could increase tumour temperatures during hyperthermia via reduction in tumour blood flow from a vascular 'steal' phenomenon. Doses that are therapeutically effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients would probably cause postural hypotension and other side-effects in normotensive patients beyond the hyperthermia treatment session, however. This study was designed to evaluate whether hydralazine, when administered at a safe dose for normotensive patients (0.125 mg/kg, i.v.) would be effective in increasing tumour temperatures during hyperthermia. The working hypothesis was that hydralazine at a dose of 0.125 mg/kg would be effective in raising tumour temperatures during hyperthermia treatment with minimal change in blood pressure. Fourteen human and five canine subjects were given hydralazine (0.125 mg/kg, i.v.) at the midpoint of a hyperthermia session. Temperatures and blood pressures were monitored before and after drug administration. Although hydralazine resulted in slight reduction in blood pressure, it was ineffective in increasing tumour temperatures in human patients (average maximum rise in median temperature was 0.26 +/- 0.32 degrees C). In canine subjects the same dose of hydralazine was effective in reducing blood pressure in four of five subjects studied (mean maximum drop was 22.7 +/- 4.1 mmHg) and the median temperature rose 0.8 +/- 0.7 degrees C. In the canine subjects the greater the decrease in blood pressure, the greater the increase in temperature. These results suggest that a rise in tumour temperature induced by hydralazine is dependent on creating a drop in blood pressure. Future studies in this laboratory will include tumour blood flow manipulation with antihypertensives which have a shorter half-life and a titratable effect. Using this approach, hypotension, which seems to be required to raise tumour temperature, will be more controllable in terms of magnitude and duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Stereotactic high dose fraction radiation therapy of extracranial tumors using an accelerator. Clinical experience of the first thirty-one patients.

A stereotactic body frame with a fixation device has been developed for stereotactic radiation therapy of extracranial targets, a precision localization and positioning system in analogy with the stereotactic head frames used for intracranial targets. Results of the first 42 treated tumors in 31 patients are presented. Most of the patients had solitary tumors in liver, lung or retroperitoneal space. Clinical target volumes ranged from 2 to 622 cm3 (mean 78 cm3) and minimum doses to the planning target volumes (PTV) of 7.7-30 Gy/fraction (mean 14.2 Gy) were given on 1-4 occasions to a total minimum dose to the PTVs of 7.7-45 Gy (mean 30.2 Gy) to the periphery of the PTV and total mean doses to the PTVs of 8-66 Gy (mean 41 Gy). The central part of the tumor was usually given about 50% higher dose compared to that of the periphery of the PTV by a planned inhomogeneous dose distribution. Some of the patients received stereotactic radiation therapy concomitantly to more than one target, in others new metastases were also treated which appeared during the follow-up period. We observed a local rate of no progressive disease of 80% during a follow-up period of 1.5-38 months. Fifty percent of the tumors decreased in size or disappeared.

Aged↗