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PubMed1994

Gait analysis in the rat as a model for the study of peripheral vascular disease.

A number of problems are associated with investigation of the pathophysiology of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in humans and unilateral ligation of the common iliac artery in the rat has been extensively used as an experimental model of PVD. However, techniques so far applied to monitor the effects of PVD on muscular function are invasive and difficult to relate to natural locomotion. The present study aimed to investigate gait during spontaneous, unforced locomotion in the animal model. No differences were observed between control and experimental rats in velocity or stride lengths. Although stride time was unchanged, its internal balance was disturbed with reduced stance, prolonged swing, for the ligated limb (LL) relative to the nonligated limb (NLL). Gait symmetry was also affected with NLL strike occurring earlier during LL stance. Analysis of footfall patterns showed a reduction of stance area and pressures exerted via LL relative to NLL. It is concluded that gait and footfall analysis could be useful for assessing limb function under natural exercise conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Postoperative stroke in cardiac and peripheral vascular disease.

The postoperative stroke rate in 330 patients requiring coronary artery (170) or peripheral vascular (160) surgery was compared with the presence of carotid bruits and the results of noninvasive screening (Doppler imaging and spectral analysis of flow) to determine prevalence and significance of carotid lesions) and their relationship to perioperative stroke. Carotid lesions were suspected because of bruits in 70 patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and in 28 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Noninvasive tests showed high grade stenosis or occlusion in 62 patients with PVD and in 14 with CAD. Forty-four patients with PVD and 101 patients with CAD had normal Doppler studies. The rest in both groups had plaquing without major stenosis. Noninvasive tests uncovered severe, occult lesions in only 13 patients (9 PVD, 4 CAD). Postoperative neurologic complications occurred in 16 patients (13 strokes: 5 PVD, 8 CAD and 3 TIAs: 2 PVD, 1 CAD). Thirteen neurologic complications occurred in patients having nonstenotic plaques or normal carotids without bruits. Only three of the strokes and 1 TIA occurred in patients with bruits and detectable carotid stenosis. Few of the postoperative strokes or TIAs were focal (2 PVD, 1 CAD), and the rest were nonfocal. None of the postoperative strokes or TIAs were associated with postoperative carotid occlusion. Physical examination is not an accurate method of determining severity of carotid disease. Severe carotid stenosis is more common in PVD patients than in CAD patients, but there is no significant difference in postoperative stroke rate. No direct relationship has been found between a bruit, severity of disease, and incidence of perioperative stroke.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Effects of physical training on peripheral vascular disease: a controlled study.

The effects of physical exercise on 8 stage II peripheral vascular disease (PVD) patients were observed after a six-month training program. Doppler velocimetry (including the treadmill test), strain gauge plethysmography, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure were used to quantify the results, which were compared with those obtained in a control group of another 8 stage II PVD patients, under placebo therapy for six months. The results show physical exercise increased the walking capacity, both the pain-free walking time and the maximum walking time. No significant difference was observed in the other parameters studied, in either the exercise patients or the control group.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Peripheral vascular disease in Japanese diabetics: screening by the Doppler ultrasonic technique.

The prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was determined in 296 Japanese diabetics (mean age 55.2 years, range 19 to 79 years), using a Doppler ultrasonic technique. PVD was diagnosed in 11.5% of the diabetic patients (7.6% females, 14.6% males). In 88% of all patients with PVD, asymptomatic impaired circulation was diagnosed. There was a clear increase of PVD with age. It was found that the increase of PVD was gradual in patients under the age of 70, from 4.3% in the younger group to 10% in patients in their 7th decade, while the frequency of PVD rose sharply to 25% in patients in their 8th decade and over. The occurrence of PVD was significantly correlated with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and past obesity, but not with glycemic control, serum cholesterol levels or smoking habits. Also, PVD was closely associated with persistent proteinuria, retinopathy at a rather advanced stage and calcification of leg arteries. These findings suggest that the frequency of PVD in Japanese diabetics is lower by one third and progression of PVD is more gradual than that found in similar studies in Western countries. Another distinctive feature of PVD in Japanese diabetics was the markedly high percentage of asymptomatic cases.

Adult↗