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PubMed2000

[Exploration on parameters of TCM syndrome in acute cerebral infarction through investigating active factors of vascular endothelium cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the multiple parameters of TCM Syndrome-types and the acute cerebral infarction (ACI) with blood stasis type. METHODS: Sixty-six acute cerebral infarction patients with blood stasis Syndrome, various vascular active factors such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), the activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), the concentration of prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) etc. were determined. RESULTS: (1) In Incidental Syndrome, those "Phlegm" and "stasis" predominant, mainly manifested as Wind-Phlegm-Blood stasis (WPBS), Qi deficiency-blood stasis (QDBS) and Phlegm-Heat-bowel excess (PHBE) Syndrome all showed t-PA activity lowered, among them, QDBS Syndrome lowered more obviously (P < 0.01); and in fundamental deficiency predominant Syndrome such as Yin-deficiency and Wind-move (YDWM) Syndrome, the active t-PA content increased (P < 0.05); in Liver Yang ascending (LYA) Syndrome and YDWM Syndrome, the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha lowered very significantly. (2) Through regression analysis, although influencing the severity of acute blood stasis was related with 3 factors (t-PA activity, nervous system defect score and age growth), but single factor linear relationship analysis indicated that did not existed positive-negative relationship. (3) Through statistical analysis, the factor influencing nervous system defect scores was positively related with blood stasis score (r = 0.70, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: (1) The basis of WPBS, QDBS and PHBE Syndrome mainly was fibrinolytic system activity lowering, and YDWM and LYA Syndrome prostaglandin system activity lowering. Comprehensive analysis of multiple parameters would be helpful to differentiate the ACI blood stasis stage. (2) Single parameter would not help to differentiate the types of ACI blood stasis stage, its change merely denoted the existence of blood stasis, its type should be differentiated after comprehensive analysis. (3) Those influencing nervous system scoring, mainly was blood stasis score, which suggested that the importance of activating blood circulation to remove stasis in preventing and treating ACI. (4) Put forward ACI blood stasis, and the quantification for new standard of Syndrome for discussion.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed2006

[Changes of immune function and nutrition state in pelagic fishermen].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long time cruising on fishermen' immune function and nutrition state. METHODS: Thirty-two fishermen's lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin, alexin, prealbumin, albumin, blood fat, hemoglobin serum iron, transferrin were tested before and after cruising. RESULTS: The expression of CD-19 was significantly higher after cruising (P < 0.001) while other cell immune functions were not significantly changed. After cruising, the immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, alexin C3, B, prealbumin, albumin, transferrin were higher than before cruising (P < 0.001). HDL-C was higher (P < 0.05); Apo-B, and serum iron were lower (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The cruising fishermen' immune function is changed significantly; the nutrition state is good, but the serum iron is insufficient and in subclinical state.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The measurement and application of TSH-IRMA levels among different age groups in areas with iodine deficiency disorders.

Using immunoradiometric TSH assay (TSH-IRMA) to measure whole blood TSH levels spotted onto filter paper, we compared TSH levels among different age groups (neonates, < 1 yr infants, schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 yrs, adults, pregnant women and reproductive-age women) in Guiyang, where iodine deficiency has long been a problem. The results showed: 1) The percentage of subjects with TSH levels equal to or greater than 5 mIU/L in the neonate group was 38.9% while the percentages in the other groups were 0-3.3% (P < 0.01); 2) The TSH levels of the neonates were inversely related to the urinary iodine values of their mothers (pregnant women). (r = -0.5, P < 0.01); 3) 97.6% of the inhabitants in Guiyang ingested salt with less than 20 mg/kg iodine. The results indicate that iodine deficiency remains a problem in Guiyang. Neonates are the only ideal population for monitoring iodine deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Effects of granules for nourishing kidney and strengthening brain on main symptoms of kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and hemorrheological characteristics of brain atrophy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of granules for nourishing kidney and strengthening brain (GNKSB) on main symptoms of kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and the hemorrheological characteristics of brain atrophy patients. METHODS: Ninety patients of brain atrophy with kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Sixty cases in treatment group were treated with GNKSB, and the 30 cases in control group were treated with piracetam for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The effective rate of treatment group was 73.3%, with significant difference as compared with 46.6% of the control group (P<0.01). The scores of symptom-assessment of the two groups were also significantly different (P<0.01). The mini-mental state examination of treatment group was obviously improved, and was significantly different as compared with the control group (P<0.01). The scores of Hasegawa's dementia scale and activities of daily living were increased, but without significant difference as compared with the control group. The platelet aggregation rate was improved, with significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The whole blood viscosity was also improved obviously, but without significant difference as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: GNKSB is effective for kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of brain atrophy patients and can improve their mental state and the hemorrheological indexes.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Magnesium deficiency enhances hydrogen peroxide production and oxidative damage in chick embryo hepatocyte in vitro.

Magnesium deficiency and oxidative stress have been identified as correlative factors in many diseases. The origin of free radicals correlated with oxidative damage resulting from Mg-deficiency is unclear at the cellular level. To investigate whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is associated in the oxidative stress induced by Mg-deficiency, the effect of Mg2+ deficiency (0, 0.4, 0.7 mM) on the metabolism of H2O2 was investigated in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes. After being cultured in the media with various concentrations of Mg2+ for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 days, parameters of H2O2 production, catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, intracellular total Mg and cell viability were analyzed. Results demonstrated that long-term incubation of chick embryo hepatocyte in extracellular Mg2+-deprivative and Mg2+-deficient (0.4 mM) states significantly enhanced the production of H2O2 (approximately twofold, respectively) and lipid peroxidation in the cell cultures, while decreasing the cell viability. Additionally, the reversing action of Mg2+ re-added to 1.0 mM and the partial reversing action of dimethylthiourea suggested that (i) [Mg2+]e deficiency induced the increase of H2O2 production, (ii) [Mg2+]e deficiency decreased catalase activity in chick embryo hepatocyte in vitro, subsequently causing oxidative stress and cell peroxidative damage.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Attention to the hiding iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women after universal salt iodization: A multi-community study in China.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring of iodine nutrition depends chiefly on the urinary iodine concentration in representative samples from the population. International groups have recommended school-age children as a convenient group for surveys, because of their accessibility and young age, but the relevance of this group to others, especially pregnant women, is not well established. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to compare different approaches to assessing iodine nutrition within communities, especially for pregnant and lactating women. DESIGN: In an urban and a rural site from each of the 11 Chinese provinces, covering a wide geographic and socioeconomic range, we measured the iodine content of household salt and drinking water, the thyroid volume in school children, and the urinary iodine concentration in five population subsets; in some sites we also assessed iodine in breast milk and thyroid size in adult women. RESULTS: The median urinary iodine concentrations for pregnant and lactating women were well below those of the schoolchildren from the same community in most study sites, the difference between medians, at overall level, being about 50 microg/l for the pregnant and 40 microg/l for the lactating, respectively. When ranked by median urinary iodine concentrations at overall level, the order of the groups was: all infants, schoolchildren, women of childbearing age, lactating women and pregnant women in both urban and rural sites. This relative distribution was constant among the study sites. From it, we derived a relationship to predict the median values for other groups, based on the data of schoolchildren. The median iodine content of salt was 30.9 ppm in urban sites and 31.3 ppm in rural sites, respectively, close to the nationally mandated 35 mg/kg. Water had low iodine content (3.7 microg/l) in both urban and rural sites except in a rural site from Tianjin. Ultrasonography showed that 6.5% of 1329 children in urban sites and 5.3% of 1431 children in rural sites had thyroid enlargement. Breast milk had a median iodine content of 135.9 microg/l in the urban and 157.5 microg/l in the rural. The goiter prevalence by palpation was low (2.0%) among all women examined (3367), but higher in pregnant women (2.7%) than in lactating women or other adult women. CONCLUSIONS: An effective iodized salt program has brought iodine sufficiency to most of China, but pregnant women in some areas may still risk deficiency and need further supplements. We suggest other countries and international agencies pay more attention to pregnancy, where iodine deficiency has its worst consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A novel Streptomyces gene, samR, with different effects on differentiation of Streptomyces ansochromogenes and Streptomyces coelicolor.

A 1.4-kb DNA fragment from Streptomyces ansochromogenes accelerated mycelium formation of S. ansochromogenes when present on a multicopy plasmid. The DNA fragment contains one complete open reading frame, designated samR, encoding a protein with 213 amino acids that contains a likely DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif close to its N-terminus. The deduced SamR protein resembles the product of the hppR gene, which is involved in the regulation of catabolism of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionate in Rhodococcus globerulus. A samR disruption mutant was constructed that presented a bald phenotype and failed to form aerial hyphae and spores. We suggest that samR plays an important role in the emergence of aerial hyphae from substrate mycelium. An almost identical gene of Streptomyces coelicolor was also subjected to gene disruption. Surprisingly, the mutant was able to develop an aerial mycelium, but it remained white and deficient in sporulation instead of forming gray spores.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Highly efficient Heck reactions of aryl bromides with n-butyl acrylate mediated by a palladium/phosphine-imidazolium salt system.

[reaction: see text] A new phosphine-imidazolium salt, L.HBr (1, L = (1-ethylenediphenylphosphino-3-(mesityl))imidazol-2-ylidene), has been prepared. A combination of 0.5 mol % of Pd(dba)(2) and 0.5 mol % of L.HBr in the presence of 2 equiv of Cs(2)CO(3) as base has proven to be highly efficient in the Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides (from electron-deficient to electron-rich aryl bromides) with n-butyl acrylate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of chronic hepatitis B with precore mutant.

AIM: This study aims at exploring the distribution of TCM syndromes in CHB patients with HBV pre-core mutation (1896) and the relationship between pre-core mutation and T lymphocytes subgroup, through which to provide objective data on clinical syndrome differentiation of TCM, and further to suggest the therapeutic principle and guide clinical treatment. METHODS: One hundred and forty CHB patients were evenly divided into two study groups, HBV pre-core mutant group and HBV pre-core wild-type group. Besides, 30 healthy blood donors were selected as a healthy control group. HBV-labeled compound, T lymphocytes subgroup, and HBV-DNA pre-core mutant were tested in the study groups. T lymphocytes subgroup were also tested in the control group. All the patients were both diagnosed by syndrome differentiation of TCM and western medicine. RESULTS: The most common syndrome in mutant group was damp-heat combined with blood stasis, and the most common syndrome in the wild-type group was damp-heat stasis in the middle-jiao. There were more cases of medium and severe hepatitis in mutant group than that in wild-type group. The content of CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were decreased gradually (healthy control group>wild-type group>mutant group). In the wild-type group, severe and medium CHB patients had considerably lower level of them than mild CHB patients. However, in the mutant group, the opposite result appeared. Meanwhile, the content of HBV-DNA in mutant group was higher than that in wild-type group. CONCLUSION: Damp, heat, toxin and blood stasis were the basic pathogens of CHB, whether pre-core mutant or not. CHB with precore mutant may lead to more severe hepatitis. The decreased content of CD4+ lymphocytes and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ may be taken as one of the indices in confirming the deficiency syndrome of CHB patients with pre-core mutation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pancreatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in association with acute pancreatitis: a clinical study.

AIM: To investigate clinical characteristics and therapy of pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) and Wernicke encephalopathy (WE). METHODS: In a retrospective study of 596 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), patients with PE were compared to those with WE in regards to history, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: There were 93 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Encephalopathies were discovered in 10 patients (1.7%). Six patients with PE all developed in SAP (6.5%), and three of them died (3% of SAP, 50% of PE). Four patients with WE developed in AP (0.7%), and two of them died (0.3% of AP, 50% of WE). Two patients with WE were treated with parenteral thiamine and survived. Global confusions were seen in all patients with encephalopathy. Ocular abnormalities were found. Conjugate gaze palsies were seen in 1 of 6 (16.7%) patients with PE. Of 4 patients with WE, one (25%) had conjugate gaze palsies, two (50%) had horizontal nystagmus, three (75%) had diplopia, and one (25%) had myosis. Ataxia was not seen in all patients. None of patients with WE presented with the classic clinical triad. CSF examinations for 2 patients with WE showed lightly-increased proteins and glucose. CT and MRI of the brain had no evidence of characteristic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: PE occurs in early or reiteration stage of SAP, and WE in restoration stage of SAP/AP. Ocular abnormalities are the hallmarks of WE, and horizontal nystagmus is common. It is difficult to diagnose earlier an encephalopathy as PE or WE, as well as differentiate one from the other. Long fasting, hyperemesis and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without thiamine are main causes of thiamine deficiency in the course of pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

A novel glycosylation phenotype expressed by Lec23, a Chinese hamster ovary mutant deficient in alpha-glucosidase I.

Lec23 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been shown to possess a unique lectin resistance phenotype and genotype compared with previously isolated CHO glycosylation mutants (Stanley, P., Sallustio, S., Krag, S. S., and Dunn, B. (1990) Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 16, 211-223). In this paper, a biochemical basis for the lec23 mutation is identified. The carbohydrates associated with the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in Lec23 cells (Lec23/VSV) were found to possess predominantly oligomannosyl carbohydrates that bound strongly to concanavalin A-Sepharose, eluted 3 sugar eq beyond a Man9GlcNAc marker oligosaccharide on ion suppression high pressure liquid chromatography, and were susceptible to digestion with jack bean alpha-mannosidase. Monosaccharide analyses revealed that the oligomannosyl carbohydrates contained glucose, indicating a defect in alpha-glucosidase activity. This was confirmed by further structural characterization of the Lec23/VSV oligomannosyl carbohydrates using purified rat mammary gland alpha-glucosidase I, jack bean alpha-mannosidase, and 1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. [3H]Glucose-labeled Glc3Man9GlcNAc was prepared from CHO/VSV labeled with [3H]galactose in the presence of the processing inhibitors castanospermine and deoxymannojirimycin. Subsequently, [3H]Glc2Man9GlcNAc was prepared by purified alpha-glucosidase I digestion of [3H]Glc3Man9GlcNAc. When these oligosaccharides were used as alpha-glucosidase substrates it was revealed that Lec23 cells are specifically defective in alpha-glucosidase I, a deficiency not previously identified among mammalian cell glycosylation mutants.

1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
PubMed2005

Chronic parvovirus infection and G6PD deficiency masquerading as Diamond-Blackfan anemia.

Bone marrow aplasia due to parvovirus B19 infections is usually mild and self-limited. In patients with hereditary or acquired hemolytic anemias, B19 infection can cause a severe and life-threatening anemia due to the shortened half-life of red cells, but here, too, the transient nature of the infection soon remits the symptoms. Chronic infections with parvovirus are more characteristically associated with immunodeficiency states. We report here a case of B19-induced anemia in a patient with G6PD deficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia which was mislabeled as Diamond-Blackfan anemia until the use of modern laboratory techniques allowed a correct diagnosis to be made.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Human herpesvirus 6 in hematologic diseases in China.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and pathogenic role of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in various benign and malignant hematologic diseases remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to search for a possible involvement of HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of hematologic diseases. DESIGN AND METHODS: The presence of HHV-6 DNA sequences was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 241 patients with benign and malignant hematologic diseases in China. Platelet-associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) of 66 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients was measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of HHV-6 DNA in sera from 31 ITP patients was examined by PCR. Paired serum samples from 19 ITP patients were analyzed for anti-HHV-6 IgG titers using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: HHV-6 DNA was detected in 41% and 37.5% of ITP and acute leukemia patients respectively, but in only 6.7% of patients with iron deficiency anemia. HHV-6 positivity for ITP patients with excessive PAIgG was significantly higher than in patients with a normal level of PAIgG. HHV-6 DNA was not detected in any of the serum samples from ITP patients. None of the 19 cases of ITP showed a significant increase in anti-HHV-6 antibody titers during the convalescent phase compared with the onset phase. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that HHV-6 infection might be associated with excessive PAIgG in some cases of ITP, and that the virus persists in a latent state. The pathogenic role of HHV-6 in ITP needs to be confirmed by further investigations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

TCM treatment for 40 cases of rheumatoid arthritis with channel blockage due to yin deficiency.

To verify the therapeutic effects of the method of softening and lubricating the joints, and calming the endogenous wind in case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the syndrome of channel blockage due to yin deficiency, 60 RA patients with the syndrome of channel blockage due to yin deficiency were randomly divided into a treatment group (40 cases) and a control group (20 cases) and treated respectively by the above method for the former and with Zheng Qing Feng Tong Ning Tablets ([symbol: see text]) for the latter. The result turned out to be that the effect in the treatment group was very satisfying. The treatment group obtained a better result in the accumulated points of syndrome and RA, morning rigidity of the joints, grip strength, 20m walking time and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The above indicates that channel blockage due to yin deficiency is an important pathogenesis of RA, and calming the endogenous wind is a method of choice for treating RA.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in IL-6-deficient mice is associated with reduced germinal center formation and C3 production.

To provide direct genetic evidence for a role of IL-6 in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), IL-6 gene KO (IL-6(-/-)) mice in the C57BL/6 background were immunized with Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and evaluated for EAMG. Only 25% of AChR-immunized IL-6(-/-) mice developed clinical EAMG compared to 83% of C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice. A significant reduction in the secondary anti-AChR Ab of IgG, IgG(2b), and IgG(2c), but not the primary or secondary IgM response was observed in AChR-immunized IL-6(-/-) mice, suggesting a possible defect in T cell help and class switching to anti-AChR IgG(2) isotype. The AChR-specific lymphocyte proliferative response, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 production were suppressed in AChR-immunized IL-6(-/-) mice. EAMG resistance in IL-6(-/-) mice was associated with a significant reduction in germinal center formation and decreased serum complement C3 levels. The data provide the first direct genetic evidence for a key role of IL-6 in the autoimmune response to AChR and in EAMG pathogenesis.

Animals↗