SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “anger expression”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Physical and psychological health of family practice residents.

OBJECTIVE: Substantial evidence supports the concept that residency training is physically and emotionally stressful. However, few studies have examined resident health. This study measured the physical and psychological health of family practice residents and compared these results with population norms. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive study used physical health measures of weight, blood pressure, skin-fold thickness, serum cholesterol, and aerobic exercise capacity. Psychological measures included the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. A demographic and lifestyle questionnaire was also administered. Data were collected on 178 residents in seven family practice residency programs in South Carolina. RESULTS: Physical health measures show that residents are indistinguishable from age-specific population norms. Psychological testing revealed excellent coping skills with clinically significant psychological symptoms noted in only one of the 178 residents. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that despite the rigors of residency training, family practice residents in South Carolina have average physical health and better-than-average psychological health, according to age-adjusted population norms. These results suggest that the coping skills of family practice residents are well suited to the stresses of family practice residency training.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[The correlation between the clinical characteristics and psychological status in syndrome X patients].

Patients with anginal symptoms and normal coronary arteries have been found to present with high levels of neuroticism i.e. anxiety, depression and somatic concerns. Whether neuroticism plays a role in precipitating coronary hypoperfusion and symptoms is still a matter of investigation. The present study was undertaken to assess the relation between psychological status and clinical symptoms in 22 patients with syndrome X (angina and ST depression with angiographically normal coronary arteries and reversible myocardial perfusion abnormalities). Neuroticism was evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Sheehan Patient Rated Anxiety Scale, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression. Data were compared with those obtained in 30 patients with stable angina as well as coronary artery disease. All patients underwent an exercise stress testing and a 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitoring. Patients with syndrome X scored significantly higher than stable angina (p < 0.05 each) on all psychological tests but STAXI. No significant differences, between syndrome X and stable angina were found in exercise stress testing parameters and during Holter monitoring. Twelve out of 22 syndrome X patients had a score > 28 in HAM-A (Group 1, with frank psychiatric abnormalities). The remaining 10 patients were labelled as Group 2. No significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 were found in exercise capacity (time to 0.1 m V ST depression: 397 +/- 73 and 419 +/- 137 s, respectively; NS) or in the number of anginal episodes per day (0.9 +/- 1.3/24 hours and 0.6 +/- 0.8/24 hours respectively; NS). In contrast, Holter monitoring showed a significantly higher number of ischemic episodes in Group 1 than in Group 2 (1.6 +/- 1.7 vs 0.1 +/- 0.3/24 hours; p < 0.02) and a greater duration of ischemia (23.8 +/- 32 vs 0.3 +/- 1 min/24 hours; p < 0.03). We conclude that: patients with syndrome X evidence elevated neuroticism scores; a high degree of anxiety correlates with increased transient myocardial ischemia during daily life; neuroticism may itself cause changes in coronary microvascular function in syndrome X. Alternatively it may simply modulate the threshold for ischemia in the presence of underlying dysfunction.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Professional resistance to managed care in Oklahoma: an issue of quality.

Anecdotally one hears a great deal of concern and anger expressed by Oklahoma health care professionals over the growth of managed care in Oklahoma. Little has been in the professional literature, however, that explains the source of this resistance. The Oklahoma Rural Research and Demonstration Center sponsored a project to explore the opinions of Oklahoma health care professionals in regard to managed care. A 38-item written questionnaire was distributed to Oklahoma health care providers, health professions faculty, and health professional students. The results showed widespread concern about managed care across each of the groups. Primarily, these concerns were about the issue of quality. Differences between groups are also highlighted. Discussion centers around health professionals' lack of trust in managed care systems to do what is medically appropriate when cost is a counter consideration. Further discussion outlines what might be done to alleviate concerns and train new health professionals for a managed care environment.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1997

How important is quality of life in pediatric asthma?

Many pediatricians now recognize the importance of incorporating an assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) into their clinical studies. Conventional clinical measures provide valuable information about the status of the affected organ system but they rarely capture the functional impairments (physical, emotional, and social) that are important to the patients in their everyday lives. To obtain a complete picture of a child's health status, both the conventional clinical indices and the child's HRQL have to be measured. Parents do not perceive accurately their children's HRQL, hence it is necessary to obtain the information directly from each child. Children with asthma are distressed by the symptoms (shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough), and they are limited in their day-to-day activities (sports, school, work, and playing with pets). In addition, children are often upset and frightened by asthma attacks, and express anger (younger children) and frustration (older children) because they have asthma. They frequently feel different from their friends and get frustrated that they cannot participate in activities. Disease-specific quality of life questionnairs for children with asthma have been developed. These questionnaires have good measurement properties and validity, and can be used both in clinical trials and in clinical practice to assess the impact of asthma on a child's life. Because one of the aims of treatment is to ensure that the children benefit from treatment, an essential component of clinical assessment of these children should be the evaluation of health-related quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

Anger vs guilt: inference of responsibility attribution and interpersonal reactions.

This study examined reactions toward an expression of anger or guilt. Participants' reactions were assessed after their partner for a collaborative task expressed anger or guilt due to failure on the task. Analysis indicated that participants inferred the attribution of responsibility made by the partner based on the expressed emotions; anger elicited an inference that the partner attributed the failure to the participant, while guilt led to an inference that the partner attributed the failure to the self. Further, expressers of anger were perceived as having more negative traits and were avoided more than those who expressed guilt. Discussion considered negative interpersonal effect of an expression of anger.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of sadness, anger, and fear facial expressions when toddlers look at their mothers.

Research suggests that sadness expressions may be more beneficial to children than other emotions when eliciting support from caregivers. It is unclear, however, when children develop the ability to regulate their displays of distress. The current study addressed this question. Distress facial expressions (e.g., fear, anger, and sadness) were examined in 24-month-old toddlers throughout 4 episodes as well as specifically during looks to their mothers. Consistent with hypotheses and the literature, toddlers expressed sadness more frequently and with more intensity than target emotions only during looks to their mothers. These findings indicate that toddlers as young as 24 months of age are using particular emotional displays to elicit support from the social environment.

Affect↗

PubMed2006

Self-reported aggression and the perception of anger in facial expression photos.

The author's purpose in this study was to assess the relationship between self-reported aggression and "seeing" anger in others. Eighty-four undergraduate participants completed a self-report questionnaire about their own aggression (i.e., aggressive attitude, verbal aggression, and physical aggression), as well as measures of resiliency and locus of control. They also responded to a series of photographs depicting facial expressions of happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotions. The results indicated that individuals reporting higher levels of overall aggression also misidentified anger from the facial expressions when this was not the emotion presented (errors of commission). No significant differences appeared among individuals reporting high and low levels of aggression in terms of underreporting anger (errors of omission). The author also found significant correlations among identification of anger from photographs, resiliency, and locus of control. The findings of the study have important implications for understanding the relationship between aggression and one's perception of anger in others.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Psychological predictors of hypertension in the Framingham Study. Is there tension in hypertension?

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that heightened anxiety, heightened anger intensity, and suppressed expression of anger increase the risk of hypertension, using the Framingham Heart Study. DESIGN: A cohort of men and women without evidence of hypertension at baseline were followed up for 18 to 20 years. Baseline measures of anxiety (tension), anger symptoms, and expression of anger (anger-in and anger-out) were taken, along with biological and behavioral predictors of hypertension (initial systolic blood pressure, heart rate, relative weight, age, hematocrit, alcohol intake, smoking, education, and glucose intolerance). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1123 initially normotensive persons (497 men, 626 women) were included. Analyses were stratified by age (45 to 59 or > or = 60 years) and gender. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hypertension was defined as either taking medication for hypertension or blood pressures higher than 160/95 mm Hg at a biennial examination. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, middle-aged men who went on to develop hypertension had greater baseline anxiety levels than men who remained normotensive (P = .04). Older hypertensive men had fewer anger symptoms at baseline (P = .04) and were less likely to hold their anger in (P = .01) than normotensives. In multivariate Cox regression analysis including biological predictors, anxiety remained an independent predictor of hypertension in middle-aged men (P = .02). Among older men, anger symptoms and anger-in did not remain significant predictors in the multivariate analysis. Further analysis showed that only middle-aged men with very high levels of anxiety were at increased risk (relative risk, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.94). No psychological variable predicted hypertension in middle-aged or older women in either univariate or multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that among middle-aged men, but not women, anxiety levels are predictive of later incidence of hypertension.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Cardiovascular consequences of expressing, experiencing, and repressing anger.

Psychoanalytic theory's pathogenic view of repression gave rise to the widely held belief that the expression of anger is beneficial to mental and physical health. The present paper reviews a number of experimental and correlational studies which demonstrate that the full expression of anger, with its vocal manifestations, is associated with significant cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Furthermore, epidemiological studies indicate that such expression of anger are also related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and to some physiological and hormonal changes that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of CHD. On the other hand, neither the mere experience of anger nor its repression has any of the above negative cardiovascular consequences, although the repression of anger seems to have other untoward health consequences.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The role of structural facial asymmetry in asymmetry of peak facial expressions.

Asymmetric facial expression is generally attributed to asymmetry in movement, but structural asymmetry in the face may also affect asymmetry of expression. Asymmetry in posed expressions was measured using image-based approaches in digitised sequences of facial expression in 55 individuals, N=16 men, N=39 women. Structural asymmetry (at neutral expression) was higher in men than women and accounted for .54, .62, and .66 of the variance in asymmetry at peak expression for joy, anger, and disgust expressions, respectively. Movement asymmetry (measured by change in pixel values over time) was found, but was unrelated to peak asymmetry in joy or anger expressions over the whole face and in facial subregions relevant to the expression. Movement asymmetry was negatively related to peak asymmetry in disgust expressions. Sidedness of movement asymmetry (defined as the ratio of summed movement on the left to movement on the right) was consistent across emotions within individuals. Sidedness was found only for joy expressions, which had significantly more movement on the left. The significant role of structural asymmetry in asymmetry of emotion expression and the exploration of facial expression asymmetry have important implications for evolutionary interpretations of facial signalling and facial expressions in general.

Affect↗

PubMed2006

Anger and ego-defence mechanisms in non-psychiatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is commonly accepted as a disorder closely influenced by affective factors, which can either trigger the symptoms or contribute to their persistence, independently from their aetiology. It has been previously documented that irritable bowel syndrome patients respond to a variety of emotional states (anger, fear and anxiety) with an increase in colonic motility. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the experience and the expression of anger and the prevalent ego-defence mechanisms in a group of non-psychiatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome. SUBJECTS: Fifty-two patients with irritable bowel syndrome (18 males, 34 females) and 100 healthy volunteers from the community (44 males, 56 females) matched for age, level of education and social-status were enrolled. METHODS: Assessment was conducted using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and the Defence Mechanism Inventory. RESULTS: No important differences between the two examined groups were found using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Defence Mechanism Inventory. CONCLUSIONS: It can be hypothesised that stable personality features and habits, such as anger disposition and defence mechanisms, play only a marginal role in irritable bowel syndrome, while psychological and psychosocial influences may act as predisposing or precipitating factors which contribute to the pathogenesis or expression of irritable bowel symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Psychophysiological responses to anger provocation among Asian Indian and White men.

To examine cultural differences in response to anger provocation, affective, cognitive, behavioral, and cardiovascular responses to social confrontation, role plays were measured in 20 Indian male immigrants in the United States and 40 White men. Participants engaged in 2 interactions with a nonacquiescent male confederate and were instructed to suppress or express their anger in counterbalanced order. Following each role play, participants state anger, and resentful and reflective cognitions pertaining to anger were assessed. Participants' videotaped behavioral responses were assessed for problem-solving skills and negative and positive verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) responses were recorded throughout the session. Results revealed that Indian participants used more introspective strategies comprising of repression and rational coping self-statements to anger provocation than their White counterparts. White participants experienced significantly higher HR responses and showed more awareness of physiological sensation compared to the Indian participants, but only when asked to exhibit their anger. Indian participants had a faster diastolic blood pressure (DBP) recovery when allowed to engage in anger inhibition (which is a culturally determined mode of functioning) compared to when they had to exhibit anger before inhibiting it. White men showed a heightened cardiac response to anger expression, something not seen among Indian men. Indian men, in contrast, exhibited delayed DBP recovery from anger expression and increased introspective cognitive strategies when asked to engage in anger exhibition, a behavior not congruent with their culture of origin.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[The relationship between depression, perceived stress, fatigue and anger in clinical nurses].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between depression, perceived stress, fatigue and anger in clinical nurses. METHOD: A descriptive survey was conducted using a convenient sample. Data was collected by questionnaires from four hundred clinical nurses who worked at a university hospital. Radloff's CES-D for depression, Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein's Perceived Stress Scale, VAS for Fatigue, and Spielberger's STAXI for anger were used. The data was analyzed using the pearson correlation coefficient, students' t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULT: The depression of clinical nurses showed a significantly positive correlation to perceived stress(r=.360, p=.000), mental fatigue(r=.471, p=.000), physical fatigue(r=.350, p=.000), trait anger(r=.370, p=.000), anger-in expression(r=.231, p=.000), and anger-control expression(r=.120, p=.016). There was a negative correlation between depression and age(r=-.146, p=.003). The mean score of depression of nurses, 26, was a very high score and 40.8% of clinical nurses were included in a depression group. The main significant predictors influencing depression of clinical nurses were mental fatigue, trait anger, perceived stress, anger-in expression, and state anger, which explained about 32.7%. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that clinical nurses with a high degree of perceived stress, mental fatigue and anger-in expression are likely to be depressed.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Relation of the tendency to feel anger and postanger reappraisals.

The present study was designed to identify defensive reappraisals by analyzing their relations to changes in an interpersonal situation following expression of anger and reappraisals as well as to identify the characteristics of people who use defensive reappraisals. Japanese undergraduate students (N= 229) responded to a questionnaire on how they express anger in daily life. Analysis indicated the group who reported a lower tendency to feel anger (the Low group) reported reappraisals such that Damage to Self was less severe, and Instigator's Responsibility was smaller than that for the group who reported a higher tendency (the High group), which suggested that people who tend to feel less anger use reappraisals to reduce their anger after expression more than those who tend to feel more anger. Moreover, the amount of variance in Reappraisals accounted for by Changes in Interpersonal Situation was small in the Low group (R2=.06) compared to that for the High group (R2=.48), so people who tend to feel less anger seem to use defensive reappraisals.

Anger↗

PubMed2004

No disgust recognition deficit in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Patients with basal ganglia abnormalities misclassify facial expressions of disgust as expressions of anger when asked to identify the emotion depicted in photographs of individuals displaying different emotions. Sprengelmeyer, Young, Pundt et al. (1997) reported a similar disgust recognition deficit in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)--an anxiety disorder associated with basal ganglia abnormality. METHODS: In the present experiment, we attempted to replicate Sprengelmeyer, Young, Pundt et al.'s (1997) findings. RESULTS: We failed to replicate Sprengelmeyer, Young, Pundt et al.'s finding of disgust recognition deficits in OCD patients relative to healthy control subjects. One patient with especially severe OCD did, however, exhibit impairment by misclassifying disgust expressions as anger expressions. DISCUSSION: These data do not confirm the presence of disgust recognition deficits in individuals with OCD. In light of the deficits exhibited by one subject with severe OCD, disgust recognition deficits may be confined to an unidentified subset of people with OCD.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Anger and drug addiction.

Differences in the experience, expression, and control of anger were evaluated for young-adult drug addicts and a control group (matched in age, residence, and education) of nondrug users from Southern Italy. The Italian adaptation of Spielberger's State- Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) was administered with standard instructions to both groups. Drug abusers had significantly higher scores on the STAXI State and Trait scales, the Trait-Angry Temperament and Reaction sub-scales, and the Anger-Out and Total Anger Expression scales, and significantly lower scores on Anger-Control. These findings indicate that the drug abusers experienced anger more often than the nonusers, were more likely to express anger toward other persons or objects in the environment, and had less control of their angry feelings.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

A functional MRI study of human amygdala responses to facial expressions of fear versus anger.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain was used to compare changes in amygdala activity associated with viewing facial expressions of fear and anger. Pictures of human faces bearing expressions of fear or anger, as well as faces with neutral expressions, were presented to 8 healthy participants. The blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) fMRI signal within the dorsal amygdala was significantly greater to Fear versus Anger, in a direct contrast. Significant BOLD signal changes in the ventral amygdala were observed in contrasts of Fear versus Neutral expressions and, in a more spatially circumscribed region, to Anger versus Neutral expressions. Thus, activity in the amygdala is greater to fearful facial expressions when contrasted with either neutral or angry faces. Furthermore, directly contrasting fear with angry faces highlighted involvement of the dorsal amygdaloid region.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Response to adults' angry behavior in children of alcoholic and nonalcoholic parents.

Children from alcoholic (COAs) and nonalcoholic (NCOAs) homes (N = 35; M age = 8.02 years) were presented with videotaped segments of angry and friendly interactions matched for mode of expression of affect (verbal, indirect, nonverbal, destructive or constructive, and aggressive or affectionate) and were interviewed following each segment. Children perceived all forms of expression of anger as more negative and expressed more anger and distress in response to them. Angry adults also were perceived as having more negative feelings toward children than friendly adults. Whereas male NCOAs responded with more anger than female NCOAs, male COAs responded with less anger than female COAs. COAs more often proposed solutions to adults' interactions than NCOAs; this primarily reflected a higher rate of indirect responses intended to make others feel better. Finally, COA status and problem behaviors were associated, but analyses indicated that higher incidences of marital discord in the homes of COAs accounted for this relation.

Alcoholism↗