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PubMed2003

The construct validity of the client questionnaire of the Wisconsin Quality of Life Index--a cross-validation study.

The Wisconsin Quality of Life Index (W-QLI, Becker, Diamond and Sainfort, 1993) consists of eight scales: satisfaction with life domains, occupational activities, symptoms, physical health, social relations/support, finances, psychological wellbeing, and activities of daily living. The W-QLI has been modified to fit the characteristics of the Canadian population, the universal Canadian health system, and community and social services in Canada and the modified form was named CaW-QLI (Diaz, Mercier, Hachey, Caron, and Boyer, 1999). This study will verify the empirical basis of these theoretical dimensions by applying a cross-validation procedure on two samples, most of whose subjects have a serious mental illness. Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory factor analyses using the principal component extraction technique with varimax rotation were applied. With the exception of the occupational activities domain, the remaining scales were correctly identified by the factor analyses on each sample. The occupational activities scale should be developed by additional items for representing this scale, which is too brief, and two other items should be revised in order to improve the quality of the instrument.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The multitrait-multimethod approach to construct validity.

The multitrait-multimethod matrix approach as proposed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) was an important contribution to our understanding of the nature of validation procedures. There are, however, problems encountered when using the Campbell and Fiske (1959) approach. The purpose of this article is to discuss the method and selected problems, and to propose an alternate approach to address those problems.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring religious faith in cancer patients: reliability and construct validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith questionnaire.

Growing attention has focused on associations between religious involvement and health outcomes for cancer patients. Unfortunately, research has been hampered by lack of measures suitable for use in oncology settings. This study examined the performance of one recently developed measure, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF). Initial investigations with cancer patients in a bone marrow transplant program and with non-oncology patients yielded promising results. This study provided additional information about temporal stability and convergent validity. The measure was evaluated in two well-defined samples: (1) 95 breast cancer patients, and (2) 53 healthy young adults. Most of the cancer patients had recent diagnoses and localized or regional disease. In each sample, the instrument demonstrated high test-retest reliability (r's=0.82-0.93) and internal consistency (r's=0.95-0.97). It displayed strong correlations with measures of intrinsic religiosity (r's=0.67-0.82, p<0.0001), and moderate correlations with organizational religiosity (r's=0.61-069, p<0.0001), non-organizational religiosity (r's=0.52-0.55, p<0.0001), comfort from religion (r=0.58, p<0.0001), and ratings of self as religious (r=0.58, p<0.0001). Among cancer patients, scores were significantly associated with optimism (r=0.30, p<0.01), but not with openness of family communication about cancer or perceived social support. These data build on previous findings with cancer patients, and suggest that the SCSORF may be a useful measure of religious faith in oncology settings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Construct validity of newly developed quality of life assessment instrument for child and adolescent cancer patients in Taiwan.

The purpose of this study was to test the convergent, discriminant, and clinical validity of the Quality of Life in Childhood Cancer (QOLCC) instrument for measuring the quality of life of Taiwanese children who suffer from cancer. In total, 160 patients were recruited for the study, including 105 male and 55 female. Overall, QOLCC consisted of generic measure and disease-specific domains to assess the Quality of Life (QOL) for children treated for cancer. The QOLCC is a symptom or problem-based questionnaire with the conceptual framework that health-related problems can be solved from both a biomedical perspective (e.g. changing the patient's medical treatment can enhance the QOL) and from a biobehavioral perspective (e.g. problem solving on a daily basis). This QOLCC, which can be administered in 15 min, is the first documented measure of the QOL administered directly to Taiwanese Children. It demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties. Application of the QOLCC to Taiwanese children with cancer produced encouraging results, validation from a larger independent parent population is still necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The quality of life for cancer children (QOLCC) in Taiwan (part I): reliability and construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis.

Part 1, the current paper describes the development and testing of a quality-of-life (QOL) assessment specifically designed for Taiwanese pediatric cancer patients (7-18 years) and their parents/caregivers. The assessment instrument was established based on a qualitative study, then refined using recognized item-analysis methods and pilot tested on a group of 25 patients. The final assessment instrument included three versions of the same instrument, a patient self-report (QOLCC-7-12, for children aged 7-12 years; QOLCC-ADO for adolescent aged 13-18 years) and a parent proxy-report (QOLCC-PAR). The final seven-subscale tool has a total of 34 items and was tested among 106 young cancer patients and 106 their parents. Psychometric properties of the measure were tested using item analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and a confirmatory factor analysis. Results suggest acceptable reliability and goodness of fit of this seven-scale measure. In order to test the factor validity of QOLCC, an independent group of 42 children with cancer participated. The results of confirmatory factor analysis shows the goodness of fit in QOLCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Assessing the construct validity of three indicators of psychological distress in relation to perceived health and physical illness.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare three indicators of psychological distress (PD) on the strength of their association with subjective (or perceived) health and to analyse to what extent these associations will change after adjusting for physical illness measures and other possible confounding variables. METHODS: Data were used from a community-based sample of adults (N=9,428). Psychological distress was measured using three different instruments: the Negative Affect Scale of Bradburn, a nervousness scale, and a self-reported depressive complaints. Physical illness was measured by seven specific chronic conditions, a co-morbidity index of 17 conditions and two disability measures. Subjective health was assessed by a single question. Ordinary least square and logistic regression as well as structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The relation between subjective health and PD is strongest in case nervousness and this, or negative affect, are used as indicators of PD. The measure of depressive complaints is less strongly, but still substantially, related to subjective health. After correction for physical illness variables, the change in strength of the association is slightest for depressive complaints and highest for nervousness. Only small differences between negative affect and nervousness were established. These measures, which were more contaminated by physical ill health than depressive complaints, have the strongest association with subjective health both before as well as after correction for physical illness components. CONCLUSION: Negative affect and nervousness are reliable and valid indicators of PD, which can be used to predict subjective health. However, for this purpose, a correction for the confounding effects of physical illness variables will be necessary. The depressive complaints measure is not only less predictive of subjective health but also less contaminated by physical illness variables, making it a better indicator of PD if correction for physical illness variables is not possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD and ODD rating scales with Malaysian children.

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to model a multitrait by multisource matrix to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of measures of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in 917 Malaysian elementary school children. The three trait factors were ADHD-IN, ADHDHI, and ODD. The two source factors were parents and teachers. Similar to earlier studies with Australian and Brazilian children, the parent and teacher measures failed to show convergent and discriminant validity with Malaysian children. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects in ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD measures for the use of such parent and teacher scales to study the symptom dimensions.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1989

The development and construct validation of a consumer satisfaction questionnaire for psychiatric inpatients.

A consumer satisfaction scale was developed for psychiatric inpatients. The scale was administered to a state-wide sample of (n = 366) patients discharged from acute psychiatric units throughout Missouri. The scale was factor analyzed and given to another sample of (n = 390) discharges. Three out of five factors that were found in the first sample were replicated in a factor analysis of data from the second sample. Acceptable coefficient alphas were obtained on all three factors, demonstrating internal reliability. The three factors were labeled Treatment Effectiveness, Trust of Staff, and Hospital Environment. Comparable levels of satisfaction with prior studies were found on the first general satisfaction factor of Treatment Effectiveness. Subjects discriminated areas of satisfaction by expressing higher levels of dissatisfaction on the factors of Trust of Staff and Hospital Environment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Development and construct validity of a knee pain questionnaire.

A knee pain questionnaire, consisting of 15 dichotomous items, was submitted to an item analysis, based on the probabilistic model of Rasch. Five items had to be discarded but the remaining 10 constituted a homogeneous set, fit to be used as a scale. In particular, this meant that the total number of positive responses to the questionnaire could be used as a simple measure of the patients' knee pain. Further studies must be performed in order to analyze the reliability and empirical validity of the scale.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

An experimental investigation of the construct validity of the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

In order to circumvent problems with self-report measures of pain we conducted an experimental analysis of MPQ pain descriptors using a Stroop task. In this task subjects are asked to name the colours in which stimulus words are written. Previous research has demonstrated that words with emotional significance interfere (indexed by increased latencies to respond) with a person's ability to name the colour. We predicted that: (1) chronic pain patients, compared with normal controls, would show more interference to words drawn from the MPQ, and (2) affective/evaluative descriptors would produce greater interference than sensory descriptors. There was support for the first hypothesis but not the second. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An investigation of the construct validity of the Dutch Restrained Eating Scale.

In the present investigation, the scores of 50 men and 50 women on the Restraint, Dutch Restrained Eating and Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability scales were compared in an effort to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of the Dutch Restrained Eating Scale. The obtained results suggest that, although both restraint scales are independent of body weight and social desirability, the convergent validity of the Dutch Restrained Eating Scale with the Restraint Scale is questionable, particularly with female subjects. The implications of these psychometric findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Construct validity evidence for the interpretation of drinking restraint as a response conflict.

A style of control over alcohol consumption, termed restrained drinking, has been identified as an important predictor of drinking behavior and a possible risk factor for more serious alcohol problems. This control style is hypothesized to involve a cyclical pattern of drinking in which the specific phase (restraint or binging) depends on the balance between opposing response tendencies. A survey study of 429 college students supported the important predictions that restrained drinkers experience more response conflict, as evidenced by stronger impulses to drink (cravings and preoccupation with alcohol) as well as stronger inhibitions against drinking (social commitment to drinking goals, self-esteem threat of excessive consumption, and negative expectancies) compared to unrestrained drinkers. Restrained drinkers additionally reported more cyclical and extreme patterns of drinking, more reduction of alcohol consumption below preferred levels, and more costs of drinking reduction compared to unrestrained drinkers. This pattern of results occurred after controlling for habitual levels of alcohol consumption. These findings support important theoretical predictions concerning a restrained drinking style and provide further evidence of its importance in the early identification of the development of alcohol problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The social context of drinking scales: construct validation and relationship to indicants of abuse in an adolescent population.

A series of items that measure the social context of alcohol consumption among adolescents was administered in a questionnaire survey to over 1,300 high school students. Emerging from a factor analysis were five factors which suggested that drinking occurs in the following social contexts: drinking for social facilitation where adults are not present, drinking at school or during school-related activities, drinking for stress control, drinking for conformity or to be part of a group, and drinking under parental supervision at home. Scales based on these factors appeared to be reliable, free from social desirability bias, and able to discriminate problem drinkers from nonproblem drinkers. The most important of these factors was drinking for social facilitation that is not restrained by the presence of adults. These findings reinforce the validity of examining the social context of drinking (which involves situational as well as motivational reasons for drinking) to uncover important etiological contributors of alcohol abuse in an adolescent population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Construct validity of the abuse-dependence distinction as measured by DSM-IV criteria for different psychoactive substances.

This article used the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to compare the validity of a qualitative and a quantitative model of the abuse-dependence distinction for different psychoactive substances in samples of drug users drawn from drug treatment inpatients, general psychiatric patients, and the community. The hypothesis that DSM-IV abuse criteria differ from dependence criteria in kind rather than degree (a qualitative model) was only occasionally supported by confirmatory factor analyses of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, by patterns of correlations of the two kinds of criteria with Addiction Severity Score (ASI) composites and measures of frequency of substance abuse, and by concurrent/prognostic validity analyses. However, the findings were consistent with a quantitative model of the abuse-dependence distinction that posits that abuse is a mild form of dependence. Whether abuse and dependence categories of users were established from separate DSM-IV criteria for abuse and dependence or from scores from a severity-of-dependence scale based on the pooled DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, abusers generally used drugs less than users in the dependence category and reported less problems associated with substance abuse on the ASI.

Adolescent↗