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Results for “multimodal integration”

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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Integrated optical NIR-evanescent wave absorbance sensorfor chemical analysis.

A new, long-path integrated optical (IO) sensor for the detection of non-polar organic substances is described. The sensing layer deposited on a planar multimode IO structure is built by a suitable silicone polymer with lower refractive index (RI). It acts as a hydrophobic matrix for the reversible enrichment of non-polar organic contaminants from water or air. Light from the near-infrared (NIR) range is coupled into the planar structure and the evanescent wave part of the light field penetrating into the silicone layer interacts with the enriched organic species. As a result, light is absorbed at the characteristic frequencies of the corresponding C-H, N-H or O-H overtone and combination band vibrations of the analytes. To perform evanescent field absorbance (EFA) measurements, the arc-shaped strip waveguide structure of 172 mm interaction length was adapted to a tungsten-halogen lamp and an InGaAs diode array spectrograph over gradient index fibers. Dimethyl-co-methly(phenyl)polysiloxanes with varying degrees of phenylation were prepared and used as sensitive coating materials for the IO structure. Light attenuation in the arc-shaped waveguides is high and typical insertion losses in the range of 14-18 dB were obtained. When the coated sensors were brought in contact with aqueous samples, the light transmission decreases, which is due to the formation of H(2)O micro-emulsions in the silicone superstrates. Nevertheless, after reaching constant light transmissions, absorbance spectra of aqueous trichloroethene samples were successfully collected. For gas measurements, where water cross sensitivity problems are absent, the sensitivity of the IO device for trichloroethene was tested as a function of the RI of the silicone superstrate. The slope of the TCE calibration function increases by a factor of 10 by using a poly(methylphenylsiloxane) layer with a RI of 1.449 instead of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (RI: 1.41). A comparison of the IO-EFA and an earlier developed fiber-optic EFA sensor for trichloroethene measurements in the gas phase showed an increase in sensitivity per unit length of the waveguide by a factor of up to 120.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The changing role of radiation oncology in cancer management.

Radiation oncologists have contributed greatly to the improved quality of care of the cancer patient; this has been shown repeatedly in various reports. The improvements in quality have been achieved because of a greater understanding of the natural history of cancer and a more critical evaluation of the results of clinical treatment. Increasing numbers of physicians involved in radiation oncology are participating in clinical evaluation and in multimodal programs of treatment. Major areas for future research in radiation oncology have been identified. The radiation oncologist is now a fully integrated member of the multidisciplinary cancer team participating in clinical treatment and in national cooperative clinical trials. The radiation oncologist's active participation in multidisciplinary clinical treatment programs is significantly changing the character of cancer management. Integration of new techniques of treatment, new combined programs, and greater emphasis on the efficacies of single treatment programs offer major opportunities to cure many cancers that were previously considered incurable.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1984

Afferent connections of the nucleus posterior thalami in the rat, with some evolutionary and functional considerations.

The afferents to the nucleus posterior thalami were investigated in the rat using the methods of retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The main afferents arise from the following structures: sensorimotor cortex, zona incerta, thalamic ventrobasal complex, pretectum, intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus, nucleus suprageniculatus, nucleus ruber and perirubral area, mesencephalic reticular formation, nucleus interstitialis of Cajal, nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, nucleus reticularis pontis, sensorial and spinal tract trigeminal nuclei. There is some confusion about the anatomical localization and appellation of the posterior thalamic region among mammals. In most of them, however, the pattern of afferents to this area appears to be relatively homogeneous. We conclude that the projections to the thalamic posterior nucleus of the rat are similar to those reported in other mammals. This nucleus has been suspected of playing a role in the processing of somaesthetic or visual informations. On the basis of the multimodal nature of its afferents, a specific role of this nucleus is excluded. Instead, a non-specific function of modulation or integration is suggested.

Afferent Pathways↗

PubMed1991

Variable low dose rate irradiation (131I-anti-CEA) and integrated low dose chemotherapy in the treatment of nonresectable primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Previous experience using 131I anti-CEA antibody, which irradiates at a variable low dose rate in combination with a multimodality treatment program, has demonstrated acceptable toxicity and response in primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In attempting to improve therapy, Cis-platin was added to the prior regimen. Induction therapy was unchanged. One month later, chemotherapy was given (doxorubicin, 15 mg, 5-fluorouracil, 500 mg, plus Cis-platin, 20 mg/M2) followed the next day by outpatient administration of 20 mCi 131I anti-CEA by i.v. bolus. Five days later, 10 mCi was administered. The latter regimen (chemotherapy plus 20 + 10 mCi 131I anti-CEA) was repeated every 2 months using polyclonal antibodies derived from different species (rabbit, pig, baboon, and horse). Twenty-four patients (29% with prior chemotherapy and/or metastases) were prospectively treated according to this regimen. Toxicity was limited to hematologic toxicity and was manifested by thrombocytopenia and leukopenia (17% and 4% grade 4, respectively, according to RTOG toxicity criteria). Tumor remission was evaluated by CT volumetric analysis and demonstrated a 14% response rate for the induction portion of therapy, 24% for the radioimmunoglobulin portion of treatment, and 50% remission rate when all subsequent tumor volumes were compared to the pre-treatment volume (entire program). The median survival for the entire group of patients was 10.1 months. This result is superior to previously reported trials and, in comparison to our previous study (10.1 vs 6.5 months median survival), further advancement in protocol design appears to have been made. In view of the rarity of this disorder, a randomized trial is not possible and strict statistical analyses cannot be made. The mechanism of 131I-anti-CEA variable low dose irradiation and chemotherapy interaction is discussed as well as further potential modifications for treatment improvement.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗

PubMed2000

Potential pitfalls in nuclear medicine: a paediatric teaching case.

An infant with complex cardiac defects and isomerism had a persistent pyrexia of undetermined aetiology following cardiac surgery. Radionuclide leucocyte scan showed a focus of increased uptake in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) felt to be compatible with an abscess. However, correlation with clinical data and multimodality imaging allowed the correct diagnosis of ectopic splenic tissue in the RUQ to be made. This report emphasises the need for an integrated approach to imaging. Patients with abnormalities of viscero-atrial situs require careful assessment of their splenic status. Visceral heterotaxy may result in confusing imaging appearances unless the anatomy has been accurately documented.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2026

Cationic porphyrin covalent organic framework reinforced hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films for photodynamic-photothermal sterilization and food preservation.

Microbial contamination in food necessitates effective antimicrobial packaging. While cellulose-based packaging materials suffer from limited antimicrobial efficacy, lack of active functionality, and susceptibility to inducing microbial resistance. To address these challenges, this study synthesized a cationic porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (Por-ICOF) as a multimodal photosensitizer. Por-ICOF was uniformly dispersed via non-covalent interaction within hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), creating an HPMC/Por-ICOF composite film. This integration enhanced mechanical strength (increased by 26%), hydrophobicity (WCA 71°), and gas barrier properties (OP reduced by 42%, WVP reduced by 36%). Under visible light, the HPMC/Por ICOF film superior absorption generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photothermal effects, inactivating 99.2% of Escherichia coli and 99.95% of Staphylococcus aureus within 20 min. The composite film exhibited excellent biocompatibility and effectively extended the shelf life of strawberries. This cationic modification strategy for cellulose-based films offers a novel avenue for the design of high-performance antimicrobial food packaging materials.

Food Preservation↗

PubMed2004

(Neo)adjuvant strategies of advanced gastric carcinoma: time for a change?

Despite surgical R0 resections, patients with gastric cancer stage UICC II-III have a high risk of recurrence and metachronic metastases. Preliminary evidence exists that adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy protocols may improve the prognosis of these patients undergoing surgery of gastric cancer with curative intention. As for palliative regimens, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin are integral components of such (neo)adjuvant strategies. Upcoming cytostatic agents, i.e. irinotecan, docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and oral fluoropyridines are currently under investigation in new multimodality treatment regimens and may further increase R0 resection rates and may prolong disease-free and overall survival in the treatment of advanced localized gastric cancer.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Current and emerging treatments for pancreatic cancer.

The worldwide annual pancreatic cancer death rate equals its estimated annual incidence. Surgery has been considered the only curative modality for this disease, but only 5 to 15% of patients are candidates for potentially curative resection. Evidence that postoperative adjuvant treatment improves outcome has been limited to a single randomised trial of a well tolerated split-course chemoradiation regimen. More intensive regimens have since been developed and are associated with, at best, a modest improvement in patient outcome. The potentially significant morbidity associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy, which can compromise the delivery of postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation, has led to the development of preoperative adjuvant ('neoadjuvant') chemoradiation in these patients. Although experience suggests that such an approach is feasible, its ultimate impact awaits further evaluation. Combined modality therapy has produced the most promising results in patients with unresectable or locally advanced disease. However, only modest improvements in median survival and minimal increases in long term survival have so far been achieved. This observation has encouraged many investigators to devise innovative methods of delivering therapy, including radioisotope implantation and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). Combined modality therapy with radioisotope implantation appears to have the greatest potential for improving local control and survival in these patients. IORT may be associated with lower morbidity than radioisotope implantation, but its impact may be limited by the radiobiological disadvantage associated with single dose boost therapy. Although new radiosensitising drugs are being tested, the problem of distant metastasis remains significant. New chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine appear to have the potential to produce better results than those achieved over the last 35 years with fluorouracil. Investigations into the optimal integration of different therapeutic modalities, along with continued advances in surgery, radiation and systemic therapy, should lead to the increased use of modern multimodality interventions. In turn, this will lead us towards further improvements in outcomes for patients with pancreatic carcinoma.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗

PubMed1983

A systemic-developmental model of day treatment for young adult chronic patients.

The young adult chronic patient is a recently designated dysfunctional group which is growing significantly in numbers. These patients' multiple deficits in independent functioning and their extreme dependence-independence conflict make them difficult to engage and help in traditional forms of outpatient therapy. A day-treatment program which systematically and flexibily intervenes over many levels would seem to increase the likelihood of successful treatment. F. S. DuBois Day Treatment Center, Stamford, Connecticut, has established such a program based on an integration of general systems theory and separation-individuation theory. This systemic-developmental model of day treatment involves both systems-oriented multimodality therapy and developmentally phased expectations for gradually increasing independent functioning. This paper presents theory and applications of the systemic-developmental day-treatment model and a 2-year pilot program evaluation demonstrating its effectiveness.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid: diagnosis and treatment].

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), accounting for 5% to 15% of primary malignant thyroid neoplasm, is one of the most aggressive solid tumors in humans. It is rapidly fatal, with a mean survival of 6 months after diagnosis. Multimodality treatment with surgery and/or external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy are of fundamental importance for local control of disease and to enhance survival. Molecular biology studies have shown that ATC is associated with a p 53 mutation. ATC usually does not concentrate radioiodine or express thyroglobulin. It is essential to verify the diagnosis histologically because insular thyroid cancer, lymphomas, and medullary thyroid cancer are occasionally confused with undifferentiated neoplasms. Immunohistochemical study is helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Multimodal therapy and development of effective systemic chemotherapy agents would provide to result in improvements in survival although no single agent has yet been identified. Aggressive multimodality treatment regimens show promise in improving local control in patients with ATC. Survival rates however remain low. Despite intense applications of such integrated therapy, no standardized successful treatment protocol has yet been established.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed2005

A grand challenge for research: multimodal, multilevel and multiscale systems in medicine and biology.

Computational modelling, nano-bioscience and information technology in biology and medicine will play a major role in the interdisciplinary attempts to elucidate structures and functions of living systems. Developing tools capable to integrate the new advances and make benefit of them is crucial: accumulation of data and knowledge base with only storage and retrieval capabilities will have a poor impact if they are not made "active" or "operational". This is where models will play a central role in offering, not only sound ways for representation or simulation, but also the appropriate frames to put the players in the right place, with intra- and inter-level coupling and multisource handling. This paper advocated that sequential observations of multiple and complex mechanisms will be of limited interest to understand the inter-relations that are occurring at the same time, and therefore, that designing multimodal, multilevel and multiscale experiments, matched with these models, are of major importance.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Advancing cancer detection and treatment using longitudinal routine clinical data.

Cancer management remains fragmented across its continuum, from late-stage diagnosis and salvage therapies to non-personalized surveillance. Here, we present Oncoformer, a unified multimodal transformer model trained on the China Oncology Multimodal Prediction and Surveillance Study (COMPASS) cohort (3.67 million individuals, 17.7 million clinical visits) and validated on independent external cohorts, including the UK Biobank. Oncoformer integrates longitudinal electronic health records with chest X-ray imaging to address multiple clinical tasks: pan-cancer diagnosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.956), future cancer prediction up to 1 year before diagnosis (AUROC = 0.869), tumor stage inference (mean AUROC > 0.90), patient-specific treatment-response forecasting, and recurrence-free survival stratification across ten cancer types (all p < 0.01). Staging predictions were independently validated against postoperative pathological endpoints and shown to converge on core cancer genomic pathways. By translating routine clinical data into a dynamic view of cancer evolution, Oncoformer provides a framework for risk-informed cancer prediction and treatment stratification using routine clinical data.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Reference frames for representing visual and tactile locations in parietal cortex.

The ventral intraparietal area (VIP) receives converging inputs from visual, somatosensory, auditory and vestibular systems that use diverse reference frames to encode sensory information. A key issue is how VIP combines those inputs together. We mapped the visual and tactile receptive fields of multimodal VIP neurons in macaque monkeys trained to gaze at three different stationary targets. Tactile receptive fields were found to be encoded into a single somatotopic, or head-centered, reference frame, whereas visual receptive fields were widely distributed between eye- to head-centered coordinates. These findings are inconsistent with a remapping of all sensory modalities in a common frame of reference. Instead, they support an alternative model of multisensory integration based on multidirectional sensory predictions (such as predicting the location of a visual stimulus given where it is felt on the skin and vice versa). This approach can also explain related findings in other multimodal areas.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

Triage and workflow optimization with artificial intelligence in pediatric imaging.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly utilized in various aspects by the radiology department. With an ever-increasing burden on the healthcare system, particularly in emergency units, the need to incorporate AI in patient triage and workflow optimization cannot be overstated. Machine learning (ML)-based algorithms form the core of AI-based software, aiding healthcare professionals at nearly every step in delivering appropriate patient care. Regarding the radiology section of the hospital, AI-based algorithms have proven exceptionally useful in assisting radiologists and technicians with image acquisition. From accurate clinical referrals to scheduling computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scan appointments, from ensuring the lowest radiation exposure to offering timely follow-up reminders, ML-based software has indeed revolutionized the concept of modern image acquisition, especially in the pediatric radiology section. Although the implementation of these algorithms is swift, several technical challenges and the limited availability of pediatric datasets preclude their widespread use. The utility of multimodal pediatric datasets, which combine imaging, genomics, and clinical data, for comprehensive AI triage models can help AI systems evolve toward greater adaptability and integration, resulting in enhanced efficiency, reduced turnaround times, and improved patient outcomes in pediatric radiology departments in the future. In this article, we highlight and review the utility of AI and machine learning-based algorithms in efficiently aiding triage and streamlining the workflow in the pediatric radiology section, thereby ensuring an overall improvement in the departmental workflow.

Triage↗

PubMed2000

Multisensory perception: beyond modularity and convergence.

Recent research on multisensory perception suggests a number of general principles for crossmodal integration and that the standard model in the field--feedforward convergence of information--must be modified to include a role for feedback projections from multimodal to unimodal brain areas.

Brain↗

PubMed2002

Multimodal treatment with primary single-agent epirubicin in operable breast cancer: 5-year experience of the Michelangelo Cooperative Group.

BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy of primary single-agent epirubicin (120 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for three cycles) in reducing tumor burden in operable breast cancer >or=2.5 cm in largest diameter at diagnosis and its effect on the rate of conservative surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 319 eligible patients, who were all candidates for mastectomy, were enrolled on to a multicenter prospective non-randomized study. Tumor response was assessed clinically and pathologically. Relapse-free and overall survival were assessed on major prognostic variables. RESULTS: After primary epirubicin, complete disappearance of invasive neoplastic cells accounted for only 2.6% of patients, but 40% of patients had their primary tumor downstaged to <or=2 cm in diameter. Conservative surgery was performed in 67% of patients. At a median follow-up of 5 years, both primary tumor size at diagnosis (P <0.01) and pathological nodal involvement (P <0.01) significantly influenced treatment outcome. After conserving surgery and breast irradiation, local recurrences accounted for approximately 4% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter study confirms that three cycles of full-dose epirubicin can avoid mutilating surgery in a high proportion of patients with tumors not amenable to primary conservative surgery. This multimodal treatment can be safely administered outside of clinical trials in patients presenting with large tumors and with a desire to preserve their body integrity.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Porphyromonas gingivalis-epithelial cell interactions in periodontitis.

Emerging data on the consequences of the interactions between invasive oral bacteria and host cells have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Indeed, modulation of the mucosal epithelial barrier by pathogenic bacteria appears to be a critical step in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis have developed different strategies to perturb the structural and functional integrity of the gingival epithelium. P. gingivalis adheres to, invades, and replicates within human epithelial cells. Adhesion of P. gingivalis to host cells is multimodal and involves the interaction of bacterial cell-surface adhesins with receptors expressed on the surfaces of epithelial cells. Internalization of P. gingivalis within host cells is rapid and requires both bacterial contact-dependent components and host-induced signaling pathways. P. gingivalis also subverts host responses to bacterial challenges by inactivating immune cells and molecules and by activating host processes leading to tissue destruction. The adaptive ability of these pathogens that allows them to survive within host cells and degrade periodontal tissue constituents may contribute to the initiation and progression of periodontitis. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the molecular cross-talk between P. gingivalis and gingival epithelial cells in the development of periodontitis.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Surgery for cancer patients. Critical care needs.

Patients with cancer provide a unique challenge for critical care nurses. Outcomes of clinical trials, new surgical modalities, and pioneering cancer treatments have helped prolong lives. The patient with cancer can require surgical and critical care intervention at the time of diagnosis, at the point of definitive therapy, or in the later stages of disease. Treatment is individual and sometimes aggressive. Surgical intervention is undertaken with a view toward the patient's ultimate outcome, quality of life, and potential cure. Multimodality cancer therapy will continue to flourish, demanding astute assessment skills by the critical care nurse. The critical care nurse must be able to integrate knowledge of the patient's type of cancer, treatment history, comorbid conditions, and surgical interventions into routine postoperative critical care.

Antineoplastic Agents↗