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PubMed2000

Appendix and cecum. Embryology, anatomy, and surgical applications.

Surgeons should be familiar with surgery of the cecum and appendix because the diseases of this region, especially appendicitis, are the most common indications for surgical exploration. Usually, diagnosis of appendicitis and appendectomy are not difficult, but atypical location of the appendix or other anatomic anomalies can make the diagnosis of appendicitis and appendectomy difficult. In cases of atypical anatomy or diffuse clinical picture, especially in young adults or elderly patients, the spectrum of embryologic and anatomic anomalies must be kept in mind to make the correct treatment decision for individual patients. If doubt persists, explorative laparotomy must be performed to avoid overlooking rare, acute, intra-abdominal abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gastrointestinal malignancies in infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary malignancies in the pediatric age group are rare tumors and are usually treated with frustratingly poor results because of late diagnosis. Current efforts to improve treatment are directed at earlier diagnosis of these tumors in combination with aggressive surgery and adjuvant therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Burkitt's lymphoma of the appendix: report of two cases.

Two cases of primary Burkitt's lymphoma of the appendix are reported. Both children presented with abdominal pain, and the tumors were discovered during routine appendectomy for suspected "appendicitis." The rarity of the lesion and the prognosis are briefly discussed.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1983

Serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the lamina propria plexus of the appendix.

The lamina propria of the human appendix possesses a recently defined ganglionated neural plexus with neurosecretory-type component cells. In order to elucidate the functional role of this plexus, immunohistochemical light and electron microscopic studies were performed on 21 appendixes. By light microscopy, 18 specimens showed within the lamina propria neuron-like and neurosecretory-type cells that stained positively with lead hematoxylin and were positive for serotonin. The number of these cells varied from specimen to specimen. No correlation between the number of serotonin-immunoreactive intraepithelial enterochromaffin cells and the number of plexus cells could be established. Electron microscopic examination revealed identical pleomorphic neurosecretory granules within enterochromaffin cells and plexus cells. The site of serotonin storage in these granules was revealed by electron immunocytochemical methods. It is suggested that, under physiologic conditions, the lamina propria plexus has a modulatory role between the epithelium and the deeper mural enteric nervous system mediated by serotonin neurotransmission. Uncontrolled release of serotonin by the plexus may initiate inflammation and elicit pain related to the appendix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Mucinous tumors of the vermiform appendix and ovary, and pseudomyxoma peritonei: histogenetic implications of cytokeratin 7 expression.

Cytokeratin 7 (CK-7) has been shown to be uncommonly expressed in colonic epithelial tumors, as opposed to ovarian epithelial tumors, which are always CK-7 positive. The authors investigated the expression of CK-7 in 17 appendiceal cystadenomas and carcinomas, 20 mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary, 10 cases of simultaneous mucinous tumors of the appendix and ovary, three so-called high-stage mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary, and three cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) of unknown origin. Nine appendiceal cystadenomas were CK-7 negative; two of these were associated with PP, and the peritoneal lesions were negative as well. Three cystadenomas were CK-7 positive. Three appendiceal carcinomas were CK-7 negative, and in one case the metastases were also negative. Two carcinomas were CK-7 positive. All 20 ovarian borderline tumors were CK-7 positive. Six cases of simultaneous mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix were CK-7 negative, as were their peritoneal mucinous deposits. Four cases showed a positive reaction in both appendiceal and ovarian sites. Two of three so-called high-stage ovarian borderline tumors were CK-7 negative. All three cases of PP of unknown origin were CK-7 negative. In conclusion, appendiceal cystadenomas are often CK-7 negative, whereas ovarian mucinous borderline tumors are always CK-7 positive. The concordant staining pattern for CK-7 of simultaneous mucinous tumors involving the appendix and ovary (60% of which were CK-7 negative) supports an appendiceal origin for these tumors. Our results also support an appendiceal (or colonic) source for any CK-7-negative mucinous tumor involving the ovary or the peritoneum. Furthermore, our findings are in agreement with the assumption that mucinous borderline-like tumors in the ovary associated with PP are not ovarian in origin but are often, if not always, metastatic from an appendiceal (or other) mucinous tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Rare metastases of signet ring cell carcinomas to the scrotum: report of two cases.

Metastases of signet ring cell carcinomas to the scrotum are rare. We present 2 patients with this kind of tumor. In 1 patient, the scrotal pathologic examination helped to detect an adenocarcinoma of the appendix with a signet ring cell component, with an extent that had not been apparent clinically. The other patient was seen at an advanced stage of signet ring cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon following surgical therapy and palliative chemotherapy. The route of metastases seems to be via seeding along the testicular cord and via lymphatic dissemination.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix: diagnosis, surgical management, and follow-up.

PURPOSE: To review the diagnostic examination and clinical presentation of mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. METHODS: Case report from experience at an Air Force tertiary care hospital in a 66-year-old woman with chronic right lower quadrant pain. RESULTS: After extensive preoperative evaluation and subsequent diagnostic laparoscopy, a right hemicolectomy was performed for a mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. CONCLUSIONS: Appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma is a rare entity found in only 0.3% of appendiceal specimens. Preoperative evaluation with radiologic and endoscopic methods is helpful but not always diagnostic. Although a benign disease process, complications from rupture, invasion into adjacent organs, or recurrence warrant adherence to strict oncologic principles for resection.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Appendix mucinous cystadenoma].

Mucous cystadenomas are benign epithelial tumours with great mucous content inside. Despite being non-malignant, they acquired great size, compressing and displacing important structures and organs of the zone, with theirs unlucky outcomes. Surgical exeresis is very difficult, being almost impossible its total exeresis, showing great frequency of relapse. We present an appendix mucous cystadenoma case in a 54 years old patient.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗