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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Carcinoid tumor of the appendix. A not especially rare entity].

Carcinoid tumors arise from neuroendocrine system and one of their preferred sites is the appendix. Most of appendiceal carcinoids almost always are clinically silent and are incidentally found at histological examination. For this reason, histological examination of the appendix is recommended in every case of the appendicectomy. Prognostic factors are: tumor stage, histologic pattern and differentiation. The authors present 6 cases of appendiceal carcinoid tumor, clinically silent and found at histologic examination (3 cases of appendicectomy for acute appendicitis, 3 cases of appendicectomy associated with abdominal surgical interventions for other pathology) and compare their experience with the most recent literature on this subject. The conclusion is drawn that the size of this tumor is the main factor that surgeons must consider for the choice of surgical treatment. Incidental, clinical silent, small (less than 2 cm in size) appendiceal carcinoid tumors can be treated by appendicectomy, and they do not need follow-up. Greater (more than 2 cm in size) appendiceal carcinoid tumors, in young patients must be treated with a right hemicolectomy and they need follow-up (periodically radiological, ultrasonographic and endoscopic examinations, tumor markers) because there is the possibility of recurrence or metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Malignant carcinoid tumor of the appendix with liver and lung metastasis: report of a case with a high level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen.

We report elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in a case of malignant carcinoid tumor of the appendix with liver and lung metastasis. A 55-year-old Thai man was found to have multiple nodules in the liver by ultrasonography. Serum CEA was 7,387.9 ng/mL (normal 0-4.1 ng/mL) leading to a clinical impression of colonic carcinoma with liver metastasis. During the investigation, he developed acute abdomen caused by ruptured acute appendicitis. Malignant carcinoid tumor of the appendix, 1 cm in diameter and located proximal to the ruptured acute appendicitis, was identified. The tumor cells showed trabecular or insular growth pattern, some nuclear pleomorphism but typically fine nuclear chromatin, frequent mitoses and focal necrosis. They were immunoreactive for antibody to chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, and cytokeratin. Tumor metastases were discovered in the liver, right lung, mediastinal and right supraclavicular lymph nodes. Electron microscopic study demonstrated pleomorphic neurosecretory granules of the midgut type of carcinoid tumor.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1975

B cells in the appendix and other lymphoid organs of the rabbit: complement receptor lymphocytes.

Complement receptor lymphocytes were demonstrated in rabbit lymphoid organs, the spleen containing the highest numbers (35%) and the thymus none. Extremely variable numbers (up to 50%) were detectablein the appendix. B and T cell depletion, rosette depletion, and histologic staining indicate that these CRL are B cells in the rabbit as in other species. The variable behavior of B cells in the appendix suggests a difference between this lymphoid organs population and those of other rabbit lymphoid organs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of T and B lymphocytes in human adenoid, tonsil, appendix and Peyer's patches.

T and B lymphocytes were detected in human adenoid, tonsil, appendix and Peyer's patches by adherence to sheep erythrocytes (E) and human erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and complement (HEAC). The percentages of T lymphocytes in adenoid and tonsil cell suspensions averaged 30.9 +/- 3.4 (S.D.) and 35.8 +/- 6.4 (S.D.). The percentages of B lymphocytes in the same tissues were 42.5 +/- 11.3 (S.D.) and 40.1 +/- 34 (S.D.) respectively. In adenoid and tonsil tissue sections, B lymphocytes were found in the follicles and T lymphocytes were detected around the follicular areas. The predominant cell population in Peyer's patches and appendix sections was constituted by B lymphocytes.

Adenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphology and pathology of the appendix and their clinical significance].

High content of the lymphoid tissue in the appendix confirms the immunoreceptor function of this organ as the most probable. It consists in regulation of food enzyme disintegration by means of feedback evaluation of the chyme antigenicity. The degree of this function disturbance determines damage to the appendix: functional, non-destructive, destructive. Therefore, differential approach is necessary in the treatment allowing to preserve this organ in many cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Right ureteral stenosis due to endometriosis occurring in the residual appendix: report of a case].

A 48-year-old female was found to have right flank pain at another hospital and transabdominal ultrasonography showed right hydronephrosis. She was referred to our department for further examination. She had undergone right oophorectomy and total hysterectomy 3 years before. Intravenous pyelography showed right hydronephrosis and retrograde pyelography revealed ureteral stenosis at the lower portion of the right ureter. Endometriosis had developed at the site of previous surgery on the appendix. A mass was formed in an extensive area including the endometriotic lesion, due to adhesion following previous surgery or other reasons, and extended to the retroperitoneum, thereby inducing right ureteral stenosis. The postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was endometriosis of the residual appendix.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1975

Early lymphoepithelial relationships in human appendix. A combined light- and electron-microscopic study.

The fine structure of human appendix was studied from the earliest stages of lymphoid development in fetuses to the definitive relationships found in children up to 8 years old. Follicular accumulations of lymphocytes were observed first in the mesenchyme immediately beneath epithelium which contained a predominance of goblet cells on the surface and in the crypts. Larger accumulations of lymphoid cells in older fetuses were intimately related to surface epithelium but not to the epithelium of crypts. At the point of invasion of lymphoid cells into surface epithelium, the goblet cell population diminished and epithelial cells displaying a morphologically distinct form of differentiation were observed. They were characterized by the presence of irregular microvilli or microfolds and numerous apical micropinocytotic vesciles. This follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) appeared ultrastructurally identical with epithelium in chicken bursa of Fabricius, mouse Peyer's patch, and rabbit appendix, which has been shown to be capable of transporting ferritin and India ink tracer from the lumen to underlying tissue. It appeared identical to specialized epithelial cells of adult human Peyer's patches. FAE was maintained through the neonatal period into childhood. We speculate that the biological significance of FAE is to provide a channel through which antigens may stimulate clonal proliferation and seeding of B-lymphocytes throughout the lamina propria of internal mucous surfaces.

Appendix↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mucin-secreting tumor of the appendix with large gelatinous effusion].

The authors report a case of a mucinous tumour of the appendix with a large muco-gelatinous effusion detected as a result of massive abdominal compression. The mucinous mass occupied the entire abdominal cavity and was compressing the abdominal vascular trunks. Increases in CEA, Ca 19.9 and Ca 50 were recorded. The abdominal CT scan was of fundamental importance for diagnosing the condition. Surgery was performed consisting in removal of the mucinous abdominal mass, the appendix and part of the caecum. The postoperative course was favourable with rapid restoration of abdominal organic functions and normalisation of CEA. The rarity of these tumours is stressed.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed2002

[Carcinoid of the appendix coexisting with inflammatory tumor of left adnexa. A case report].

A very rare case of appendix carcinoid in a patient operated for left pyosalpinx was presented. On the basis of literature review and the patient's complaints there is no unequivocal evidence indicating relationship between occurrence of carcinoid and pyosalpinx of adnexa in the patient. Check-up examination of appendix is recommended in laparotomy, and appendectomy or hemicolectomy in case of carcinoid suspicion must be performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Perforated appendix in situs inversus viscerum. A case report.

A patient with situs inversus viscerum and a perforated left-sided appendix is reported. The embryological anomalies which result in a left-sided appendix are mentioned. Although the viscera are transposed, it is thought that the components of the nervous system which supply the affected organs are not reversed. Diagnostic difficulties are mentioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Crohn's disease of the appendix presenting as acute appendicitis.

A patient is reported who initially presented with findings simulating acute appendicitis and who was subsequently found to have Crohn's disease isolated to the appendix. Although the hazard of appendectomy in Crohn's disease is well known, it is interesting that none of the known patients with isolated appendiceal Crohn's disease has developed a fistula. Three of the 15 reported cases of Crohn's disease solely involving the appendix developed granulomatous changes involving other regions of the bowel as long as four years following the initial diagnosis. Because of the rarity of this condition, however, specific conclusions regarding the likehood of future recurrence cannot be drawn. We stress increased physician awareness of this entity in order to emphasize long-term follow-up for such patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1963

CARCINOID TUMOR OF THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX WITH DISTANT METASTASIS.

Metastatic carcinoid tumors of the appendix are probably not as rare as is commonly thought. In five of thirteen cases diagnosed at the Stanford-Palo Alto Hospital, there was microscopic evidence of lymphatic invasion. Metastasis to regional nodes was demonstrated in two of the five. These two cases bring the total number reported in the medical literature to 31. One of the patients was a 14-year-old girl. The youngest patient previously cited with metastasis from carcinoid tumor of the appendix was 16 years of age. We believe that all carcinoid tumors, regardless of location, are malignant lesions and urge careful pathologic study for evidence of lymphatic invasion. When such invasion is present, removal of regional nodes by right hemicolectomy seems indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Use of the appendix for urethral reconstruction in children with congenital anomalies of the bladder.

BACKGROUND: The presence of the cecal appendix offers a unique opportunity for the achievement of urinary continence and stable access to the reconstructed urinary bladder. METHODS: We have reviewed the cases of 17 children treated over a 56-month period whose urinary anomalies have required the construction of a neourethra. Fourteen of these patients underwent neourethral reconstruction by use of the appendix. RESULTS: All neourethras are easily catheterized, and all are continent. CONCLUSIONS: The ease of application of this reconstructive modality along with its high success rate makes incidental appendectomy contraindicated in children with congenital anomalies of the bladder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Ileocecum with appendix in reconstruction of bladder and urethra].

New bladder and urethra were reconstructed by transplanting the ileocecum with appendix and part of the ascending colon. Ileocecal valve was used to prevent urine reflux into the ureters. The appendix and its seromuscular layer were used as "sphincter muscle" to prevent overflow of urine in the cecum. From March, 1988, to October, 1991, 38 cases of carcinoma of bladder were treated by this way. Follow-up for 0.5 to 3.5 years showed that the reconstructed bladder had large capacity, good urination function, no electrolyte disorder, urine reflux and infection of renal pelvis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Mucocele of the appendix in highly differentiated adenocarcinoma].

A patient 69 years old had been admitted at the University Women's Hospital Berlin because of a suspected ovarian tumour. Outside a computed tomography was done. In the small pelvis a tumour partly cystic and partly solid at the right side could be confirmed sonographically. Because this an operation was indicated. After opening the abdomen the internal female genital organs were in conspicuous with the exception of extensive adhesions. Histologically we found a mucocele of the vermiform appendix with a highly differentiated adenocarcinoma. All tissue layers were infiltrated and perforated. This combination of findings is very seldom, because carcinomas of the appendix could be proved only in 0.01 per cent of all appendectomies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Appendix as continent urinary reservoir outlet.

The submucosally embedded in situ appendix offers an ideal continence mechanism in patients with ileocaecal urinary reservoir. Ninety-two patients who underwent this procedure at three urology centres (48 patients in Mainz, 20 in Wuppertal-Barmen and 24 in Marburg) are reviewed. The appendicocutaneous stoma was placed in the lower right abdominal quadrant in 12 patients (most of whom previously had bladder exstrophy) and into an umbilical or, in some exstrophy cases, a neoumbilical tunnel in 80 patients. Urodynamic investigations of the submucosally embedded appendix showed maximum closure pressure greater than 80 cm H2O.

Appendix↗
PubMed2004

Bullet fragment within the appendix: a case report.

A 9-year-old Caucasian male presented initially to his pediatrician with abdominal pain. The child underwent a UGI, which showed mild gastric erosions, however the scout film revealed a metal fragment lodged near the right sacroiliac joint on the AP view. The child was referred to a general surgeon who conducted a series of other diagnostic tests, which ultimately revealed and verified that the metal fragment was lodged in the distal appendix. Careful family history obtained showed that the family eats a great deal of wild game, including deer meat. It was felt that this metal fragment was a portion of a consumed bullet, which was retained in the appendix. The child's blood lead (Pb) level was elevated at 16ug/dl. An elective prophylactic appendectomy was performed due to the potential for developing appendicitis and possible lead toxicity.

Abdominal Pain↗