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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Characteristics of phosphorous losses in surface runoff and sediment under different land use in west Tiaoxi catchment].

Five typical land covers in West Tiaoxi catchment were studied on phosphorous loss in artificial rainstorm runoff. Triple duplication experiments were carried out under the artificial rain condition with intensity of 2 mm.min-1 lasting 32 minutes in 3 m2 plot. Transportation and flux of various species of phosphorous in runoff and sediments were investigated. The results showed that phosphorous losses amount and rate were different among five types of land covers. The loss of total phosphorous in runoff of mulberry garden was the largest, which was five times higher than that of paddy and pinery field. The majority of total phosphorous in runoff was particulate phosphorous. Losses of dissolved phosphorous in vegetable plots and mulberry gardens were much higher than bamboo plot and paddy field. Loss of dissolved inorganic phosphorous in runoff was the main part of dissolved phosphorus, which pinery was much higher than others. Total amounts of phosphorous loss from top 10 cm layer of 5 kinds of soils were estimated as high as 2.57-4.89 g.m-2, of which phosphorous loss through sediment of runoff accounted for more than 97%. The rate of total phosphorous losses were ranged in 0.45-4.11 mg.(m2.min)-1 in runoff, which was much lower than that of 72.82-135.96 mg.(m2.min)-1 in sediment of runoff.

China↗

PubMed1992

Morphological variation in pathogenic strains of Penicillium marneffei.

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus known to be pathogenic to animals and man. The natural reservoir of this organism was known to be bamboo rats found in South Vietnam, Thailand and China. The first two human infections were reported in 1959 and 1973 from the United States. Up to 1984, five new cases of human penicillosis were reported from Thailand. Since then several more cases have been reported from different parts of the world mainly from the southern part of China. However, there are very limited mycological descriptions of this fungi. In this report, five Thai strains were studied for colonial morphology in comparison with Reference strain PLM 689. Variation in mycelial pigment was observed ranging from yellowish-green to orange with water soluble red pigment produced in every strain which can be seen early from the reverse side. Ultrastructural study by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was compared with that of the reference strain PLM 689. PLM 689 strain had only biverticillate penicilli, but all five strains from Thailand had both monoverticillate and biverticillate penicilli which occasionally appeared on the same branch. The conidia of the Thai isolates were oval in shape and 1.3-2 x 0.7-1.6 microns in size smaller than those of PLM 689 which were 2.5-4 x 2-3 microns. Phialides were also smaller and a little shorter but the number of phialides was similar to those of PLM 689 ranging 4-10 except for one strain which had 3-16 phialides. All Thai strains have stipes smaller and somewhat longer than those of PLM 689.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hospitals, University↗

PubMed1992

[Cyclic thrombocytopenia with chronic thyroiditis and ankylosing spondylitis].

A 58-year-old man with cyclic thrombocytopenia who was initially diagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), concomitant with chronic thyroiditis and ankylosing spondylitis, was reported. Serum level of T 3 (0.48 ng/ml) and T 4 (2.1 micrograms/ml) were both subnormal and that of TSH (257.1 microU/ml) was markedly elevated. Thyroid test (6400X) and microsome test (6400X) was both positive, but anti-nuclear antibodies were negative. Radiographic findings of lumbar spine showed the typical "bamboo spine" and HLA B 27 was positive. Therapies for ITP, such as adrenocorticosteroids including steroid pulse therapy, high-dose intravenous gamma-globulin, danazol, slow infusion of vinca alkaloids and splenectomy, were only effective transiently. After these therapies platelet counts began to fluctuate from 0.4 X 10(10)/L to 34.4 X 10(10/L, therefore the diagnosis of cyclic thrombocytopenia was done. Interestingly low-dose methotrexate (MTX) was effective, and the cyclic fluctuation of platelet counts disappeared. These observations in this case were very suggestive of the pathogenesis of cyclic thrombocytopenia and mechanisms of cyclic change of platelet counts.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

[Fracture of the cervical spine caused by blow in patient with ankylosing spondylitis--a report of an autopsy case].

Fracture of the cervical spine in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis is presented. A 43-year-old male was involved in a fight when drinking. He received blows to his face and the lower jaw, and fell backward on the street and died. The postmortem examination showed abrasions and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the face and the lower jaw. A transverse fracture was observed through the intervertebral disc space between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. The cervical spinal cord was completely ruptured at the fracture site. Ossification of the supporting ligaments and anterior surface of dics were found. The spine was bony ankylosed. The alcohol levels of blood and urine were 2.95 and 3.84 mg/ml, respectively. The cause of death was paralysis of respiration. The victim had suffered from the ankylosing spondylitis for many years. His neck had no mobility. The X-ray films taken at age 42 showed complete ankylosis of the spine, so-called "bamboo" spine. It seemed that the blow to his face and the lower jaw caused hyperextension of the neck and easily caused the cervical fracture because of the loss of flexibility and fragility from osteoporosis in the ankylosed spine.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Epidemiological implications of preferences of breeding sites of mosquito species in Midwestern Nigeria.

The relative abundance of the aquatic stages of mosquito species distribution in two macrohabitats was studied between August 2001 and July 2002 using four different microhabitats (plastic cups, metal cans, bamboo cups and earthenware pots). The macrohabitats were subdivided into Areas of Derived/Secondary Vegetation (ADSV) and Areas of High Human Activities (AHHA). The results revealed mosquito species belonging to three genera (Anopheles, Culex and Aedes species), which are known vectors of four different human diseases (yellow fever, arboviruses in general, bancroftian filariasis, and malaria). Mosquito abundance in the three foci studied related to types of vegetation cover, amount of rainfall and its seasons, levels of human activities and population. Anopheles species were most abundant in both habitats, with a less marked effect of vegetation and human population. Culex species were relatively more abundant than Aedes in AHHA than in ADSV. Plastic containers supported 57,391 (47.4 %) and metal cans 42,782 (35.4 %) of larva species harvested. There is a significant difference in mosquito larva abundance in the two macrohabitats and different microhabitats studied (p < 0.05). A combination of factors account for abundant mosquitoes breeding in rural areas with their associated diseases implications. The result of the findings are discussed with respect to their public health implications.

Aedes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Penicillium marneffei infection and AIDS. A review of 12 cases reported in the Tropical Diseases Centre, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)].

Penicillium marneffei is a thermal dimorphic fungus which is endemic in an ecologic niche restricted to the Far East and which may cause deep-seated infection in humans and rodents. Discovered in the late 1950s from the bamboo rat Rhizomys sinensis, in Vietnam, P. marneffei was initially identified in HIV-infected individuals. A disseminated and progressive infection, it is the third most common opportunistic morbidity in the late course of HIV infection. We report the clinical and therapeutic features of a series of 12 HIV-infected adults with disseminated P. marneffei infection in Vietnam. From May to September, 2001, 12 patients with P. marneffei infection confirmed by culture were identified among 273 HIV-infected patients studied at the Tropical Diseases Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The clinical signs were related to the reticuloendothelial system involvement. Common clinical features included fever, cutaneous manifestations, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and marked anemia. The organism was identified from skin specimens or blood culture. Cases were consistently found with low CD4 (+) cell count. Treatment with parenteral amphotericin B and itraconazole was relatively effective, although treatment with a delaying diagnosis remained associated with pejorative prognosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed2003

Introduction and potential establishment of Aedes albopictus in California in 2001.

Aedes albopictus was discovered in Los Angeles, California, in June 2001 in a maritime cargo container from China containing a shipment of a commercial plant product known as "Lucky Bamboo" (Dracaena spp.). To keep the plants alive during the ocean transit, they were shipped in 5-8 cm of water, providing an excellent habitat for Ae. albopictus. Mosquito infestations were subsequently detected at 15 nursery distributors of Dracaena in 2 northern and 4 southern California counties. The distribution of the Ae. albopictus infestations was limited to the vicinity of those nursery distributors with documented infestations. Infestations persisted for more than 5 months near some of the nurseries, and eggs were found in ovitraps until mid-November 2001 up to 1,000 m from the original infestation sites. Overwintering Ae. albopictus populations were discovered in April, July, and August 2002 at original infestation sites in Chino, San Bernardino County, and Monterey Park and Rowland Heights, Los Angeles County, respectively. Specimens were found at some sites of overwintering populations until October 2002.

Aedes↗

PubMed2003

[Dissolved aluminum and organic carbon in soil solution under six tree stands in Lushan forest ecosystems].

Different depths of soils under 6 tree stands in Lushan Botany Garden were sampled and water-digested at room temperature. The dissolved aluminum and organic carbon were then determined by colorimetry, using 8-hydroxylquilin and TOC Analyzer, respectively. The results indicated that even derived from a naturally identical soil type, the test soils exhibited a diverse solution chemistry, regarding with the Al speciation. The soil solutions under Japanese cedar, giant arborvitae and tea had lower pH values and higher contents of soluble aluminum than those under Giant dogwood, azalea and bamboo. Under giant arborvitae, the lowest pH and the highest content of total soluble aluminum and monomeric aluminum were found in soil solution. There was a significant correlation between soluble aluminum and DOC, which tended to depress the accumulation of toxic monomeric aluminum. The 6 tree stands could be grouped into 2 categories of solution chemistry, according to aluminum mobilization.

Aluminum↗

PubMed2004

Long-term impacts of land-use change on dynamics of tropical soil carbon and nitrogen pools.

Land-use changes, especially the conversion of native forest vegetation to cropland and plantations in tropical region, can alter soil C and N pools and N availability for plant uptake. Deforestation, followed by shifting cultivation and establishment of rubber tree plantation, is a common land-use change in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. However the influence of this kind of land-use change on soil C and N dynamics in this region remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to assess the effects of land-use change on soil C and N pools. Soil samples were collected on five adjacent plots, which belong to three land-use types including secondary forest-an acuminate banana (Musa itinerans) secondary forest and a male bamboo (Dendrocalamus membranaceae) secondary forest, shifting cultivation, and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (H. B. K.) Muell. Arg.) plantation (one plot is 3-year-old, and another is 7-year-old). We measured soil bulk density (BD), pH value, moisture content and concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN), and inorganic N (NO3- -N and NH4+ -N) at 0-3, 3-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths, and calculated C and N pools in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 0-60 cm soil layers. Compared with the adjacent secondary forests, shifting cultivation and establishment of rubber tree plantations resulted in significant decline in concentrations and stocks of SOC and TSN in 0-20 and 0-60 cm soil layers, and increase in pH and bulk density at 0-3, 3-20, and 20-40 cm depths. Soil moisture content decreased only in 0-20 cm surface soils in shifting cultivation and plantations. The dynamics of mineral N was much more complex, which had different trends among depths and ecosystems. Compared with the secondary forests, SOC stocks in 0-20 cm surface soils in shifting cultivation and rubber tree plantations (3-year-old plantation and 7-year-old plantation) decreased by 34.0%, 33%, and 23%; and TSN stocks decreased by 32.2%, 20.4%, and 20.4%, respectively, whereas the decreases of SOC and TSN stocks in 0-60 cm soil layers were much less. The results indicated that C and N losses were mainly occurred in 0-20 cm surface soil, followed by 20-40 cm layer.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2003

Life history of Manataria maculata (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae) from Costa Rica.

The life history and early stages of the satyrine butterfly Manataria maculata are described and illustrated from Costa Rica. Eggs are laid on Lasiacis sp. (Panicoideae), a new non-bamboo host plant for the genus Manataria. The larval stage varied from 23 to 28 days, and the pupal duration was approximately 12 days when reared on Bambusa vulgaris and Guadua angustifolia in captivity at 23-24 degrees C.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Analysis of Camellia rosthorniana populations fecundity].

With the method of space substituting time, the structure of Camellia rosthorniana populations in three forest communities, i.e., Jiant bamboo forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mt. Jinyun was investigated, and based on static life-tables, the fecundity tables and reproductive value tables of C. rosthorniana populations were constructed. Each reproductive parameter and its relation to bionomic strategies of C. rosthorniana populations were also analyzed. The results indicated that in evergreen broad-leaved forest, C. rosthorniana population had the longest life span and the greatest fitness. The stage of maximum reproductive value increased with increasing stability of the community. The sum of each population's reproductive value, residual reproductive value and total reproductive value for the whole life-history of C. rosthorniana also increased with increasing maturity of the community, showing their inherent relationships with reproductive fitness. As regards to bionomic strategy, C. rosthorniana showed mainly the characteristics of a k-strategies, but in less stable community, the reproductive parameters were greatly changed, showing some characteristics of a r-strategies.

Camellia↗

PubMed2004

Cuisine: Hangzhou foods and their role in community health and nutrition.

Regional diets and associated cuisines and their contribution to overall regional nutrition are increasingly being scrutinized by scientists for their relationships to human health. The Hangzhou region in China has lower mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disease, lower incidences of diabetes mellitus and better blood pressure in the local population and the links between these lower rates of disease and the traditional regional cuisine are a source of interest. Zhejiang is located on the East Coast of China. The Northern part is well known for the extensive network of channels that produce a vast array of aquatic foods. The South West region and its extensive foothills are known for the production of rare and expensive venison and many types of fungi. The region is also known for the production of over ten different types of edible bamboos. The cuisine also involves many different types of green vegetables that accompany every meal. The best way to describe Hangzhou cuisine is the wide use of southern ingredients cooked in the typical northern manner. This combination leads to a unique taste combining the dainty and the smooth, the crisp and the tender, the simple and the elegant, the small and the exquisite. Overall the cuisine is known for it's low saturated fat and high PUFA, particularly long-chain omega-3 PUFA and fibre. There is extensive use of plant based foods high in complex phytochemicals and trace elements. This combination leads to a balanced nutrition that contributes to the community health in Hangzhou.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sasa health exerts a protective effect on Her2/NeuN mammary tumorigenesis.

Bamboo grass leaves of different Sasa species have been widely used in food and medicine in Eastern Asia for hundreds of years. Of special interest are Kumazasa (Sasa senanensis rehder) leaves used to prepare an alkaline extract known as Sasa Health. This extract was reported to inhibit both the development and growth of mammary tumors in a mammary tumor strain of virgin SHN mice (1). We found that Sasa Health exerts a significant protective effect on spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in another mouse model of human breast cancer, the transgenic FVB-Her2/NeuN mouse model. Two cohorts of Her2/NeuN female mice of different age (eleven-week-old and twenty-four-week-old) chronically treated with Sasa Health in drinking water showed both a delay in the development of tumors and reduced tumor multiplicity. Sasa Health also induced inhibition of mammary duct branching and side bud development in association with reduced angiogenesis. Altogether these findings indicate that Sasa Health contains phytochemicals that can effectively retard spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Studies on distribution of paris and annual growing characters of some species on Mountain E' mei].

The research of distribution and habitat of Paris on Mountain E' mei showed that: (1) there were 8 species and 3 varieties of Paris on Mt. E' mei, most of them distributed from alti. 1000m to 1400m in humid and fertile, neutral or acid soil under the evergreen broad-leaved forests, bamboo forests and shrub forests. (2) only Paris bashanensis distributed at higher altitude about 1800 approximately 2800 m; (3) the growing time of P. polyphylla var. chinensis and other two species planted at the lower E' mei mountain area, was later and shorter than those plantd at Kunming; (4) the whole rhizome or with terminal bud as the planting material had a high survival rate and grew fast.

Altitude↗

PubMed1992

[Transorbital penetrating brain injury].

Transorbital penetrating brain injury is rare during this time of peace. In our paper, we reported seven cases of these injuries and discussed the mechanism and treatment of intracranial complications. Transorbital penetrating brain injuries were caused by thin, long and relative hard objects such as chop-stick (case 3), pencil (case 6), bamboo stick (case 1, 2, 7) and a piece of metal (case 4, 5). CT scan, MRI and angiography demonstrated a large variety of intracranial complications. For instance, intracerebral hematoma, cerebral contusion, intraventricular hemorrhage, pneumocephalus, brain stem injury and carotid cavernous sinus fistula. We had no case of infectious complications such as meningitis and brain abscess. If the direction of the injuring object runs parallel to the orbital roof, it penetrates the cranial cavity commonly via the superior orbital fissure or the optic canal, which routes provide direct access without bone fracture. This direction will cause critical intracranial complications such as CCF or brain stem injury. If the injuring object runs upward and across the orbital roof which has thin bone and therefore offers little resistance, the frontal lobe will be easily damaged, and it will cause intracerebral hematoma. But the prognosis for this type of injury is not so poor because we can easily remove the hematoma and the foreign body. With our treatment policy of "pull and see", all our cases but one recovered well. The one exception was a case in which a large intracerebral hematoma was over-looked in an ophthalmological clinic. This patient died. Nowadays, CT scan and MRI give clear information about the anatomical location of injuring objects and intracranial complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Ecology of mosquitoes of Midwestern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The ecology and distribution of various mosquito species is important in the determination of mosquito vector abundance and associated diseases prevalence. The distribution of various mosquito genera in natural and artificial habitats and their relative species abundance was studied between August 2002 and July 2003 in three foci (Uromi, Ekpoma and Auchi) comprising the Esan and Etsako regions of Midwestern Nigeria. METHODS: Sampling was carried out by the method of Hopkins (1952) by dipping using a pipette or ladle depending on container types. Pooled contents of smaller containers were sampled with a pond net. All breeding sources of mosquito larvae were grouped into five (5) depending on their nature, constitution and the physiochemical properties. Artificial mosquito cultures were also carried out in four different container types; plastics, metal cans, earthenware pots and bamboo strips, in parts of two different macro habitats subdivided into area of high human activities (AHHA) and areas of derived/secondary vegetation (ADSV). Environmental temperatures, rainfall and relative humidity were monitored during the study. RESULTS: The present study revealed 17 mosquito species belonging to three genera (Anopheles, Culex and Aedes) which are potential vectors of four human diseases in the areas surveyed. A total of 736 mosquito larvae were encountered in artificial sources and 568 larvae were harvested from natural sources. Pools, plastics and metal cans were the predominant artificial sources of mosquito larvae. CONCLUSION: The contribution of human activities and increasing environmental modification to the breeding of human disease vector mosquitoes is of importance and selective vector control measures including larviciding are recommended particularly before onset of rainy season.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Effects of Fargesia denudata density on soil nutrient pool].

This paper studied the nutrient storage and its dynamics in different soil layers under three densities of Fargesia denudata communities in Wanglang National Nature Reserve, aimed to understand the effects of F. denudata density on the storage and dynamics of soil nutrients. The results showed that F. denudata density had a significant effect on the total and available nutrient contents in 0 - 30 cm soil layer. The total and available P contents decreased significantly with the increasing F. denudata density (P < 0. 01), being 0.274 kg m(-2) and 1.72 g x m(-2) at D1, 0.222 kg m(-2) and 1.50 g x m(-2) at D2, and 0.158 kg x m(-2) and 1.10 g x m(-2) at D3 sampling site, while the contents of total Ca and Mg increased with the increasing F. denudata density, being 2.64 and 1.70 kg x m(-2) at D1,4.42 and 1.80 kg x m(2-) at D2, and 4.85 and 2.12 kg x m(-2) at D3 sampling site, respectively. The contents of both total and available N and K did not change significantly with F. denudata density. Soil total and available N were 1.10 and 45.15 kg x m(-2) at D1, 1.04 and 44.38 kg x m(-2) at D2, and 1.06 and 42.02 kg x m(-2) at D3, while soil total and available K were 3.19 and 39.62 kg x m(-2) at D1, 3.30 and 36.23 kg x m(-2) at D2, and 3.19 and 37.18 kg x m(-2) at D3, respectively. The total nutrient storage was in order of Ca>K>Mg>N>P, except a higher K storage than Ca under D1 community. The available N, P and K concentration in surface soil (0-10 cm) decreased significantly in July, and then increased slowly in the later growth season. In general, the change magnitude of available nutrients was greater in surface soil (L1) than in lower soil layers (L2 and L3), under higher F. denudata density (D3) than under lower F. denudata density, and for P than for N and K. The distribution pattern of nutrient storage in soil layers differed greatly from that of nutrient concentration, regardless of F. denudata densities. The contents of total N, P, K, Ca and Mg in L (0-10 cm) were lower than those in L2 (10-20 cm) and L3 (20-30 cm). The differences of nutrient contents among soil layers varied with F. denudata density, and particularly with bio-elements. The results suggested that the nutrient storage in soil under F. denudata community was related to F. denudata density, because the density affects the processes of nutrient cycling, such as nutrient absorption, return through litter, and activity of soil microorganisms. It could be concluded that the density of F. denudata communities affected the storage of soil P and Ca significantly, but that of soil Mg, N and K slightly. Soil total and available P contents decreased with the increasing F. denudata density, implying that soil P could be one of the main factors limiting the growth and succession of F. denudata community in these stands, and affecting the flowering and death of bamboo.

Biomass↗

PubMed2005

[Fitness analysis of seed- and vegetative reproduction of clonal tree Symplocos laurina].

There are two ways in Symplocos laurina propagation, clonal and sexual reproduction. The study showed that under different habitat conditions, Symplocos laurina could adopt different ways to propagate and occupy space. In conditions with abundant water and nutrient resources, such as in evergreen broad-leaved forests or bamboo forests, the survival rate and space-occupying ability of both ramets and sexual seedlings were relatively high, with clonal ramets took advantage in terms of number and space, suggesting that clonal propagation was the dominant way in such environments. Oppositely, in habitats lack of sufficient nutrition, the survival rate and space-occupying ability of seedlings were low, and grown-up plantlets would preempt in number and space occupation. Bottleneck in sexual propagation appeared in the stage from seed to seedling, while clonal propagation appeared during the period from seedling to ramet. The way of Symplocos laurina invasion was to settle a plantlet, and then occupied the space rapidly by clonal growth, with clonal seedlings dominated in initial stage and lost the advantage after 15 ages.

Adaptation, Biological↗