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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract is a recognized major cause of iron-deficiency anemia. After conventional investigation of the upper and lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the source of bleeding remains unidentified in approximately 10% of these patients. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy from patients enrolled in clinical studies due to persistent or recurrent iron-deficiency anemia. METHODS: In this large cohort study, patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were identified in a company-sponsored clinical study (Given Imaging, Ltd.) database which contains data from >50 clinical studies. Information on suitable patients was derived from 31 of them. Each subject swallowed an M2A Given Capsule containing a miniature video camera, batteries, a transmitter and an antenna. Recording time was approximately 8 h. The capsule was excreted naturally in the patient's bowel movement, and the data it transmitted were retrieved and interpreted the next day. RESULTS: 293 patients were studied (135 males, 46.1%, mean age 59.4 +/- 16.8 years) whose mean number of bleeding episodes was 4.3 +/- 5.5 and mean hemoglobin level was 9.8 +/- 2.4 g/dl. The average number of diagnostic procedures per patient prior to the capsule endoscopy study was 5.59. Capsule endoscopy detected definitive findings in 213/293 patients (72%) and findings missed by other diagnostic procedures in 22/293 patients (8%). Neither capsule endoscopy nor the other diagnostic procedures yielded diagnoses in 58/293 patients (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy has a high diagnostic yield in evaluating patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of posterior capsule tightness and motion loss in patients with shoulder impingement.

The relationship between posterior capsule tightness and dysfunction has long been recognized clinically but has not been biometrically quantified. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in range of motion and posterior capsule tightness in patients with dominant or nondominant shoulder impingement. Measurements of posterior capsule tightness and external and internal rotation range of motion were made in 31 patients with shoulder impingement and in 33 controls without shoulder abnormality. Patients with impingement in the nondominant arm had increased posterior capsule tightness and decreased internal and external rotation range of motion compared with controls. Patients with impingement in their dominant arm had increased posterior capsule tightness and reduced internal rotation range of motion but no significant loss of external rotation range of motion compared with controls. Posterior capsule tightness in impingement patients showed a significant correlation with loss of internal rotation range of motion. Patients with shoulder impingement in their nondominant arm had a more global loss of range of motion compared with patients having impingement in their dominant arm. We believe we have described a valid clinical measurement for identifying posterior capsule tightness in patients with shoulder impingement.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The evolution of endoscopy: wireless capsule cameras for the diagnosis of occult gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammatory bowel disease.

Occult gastrointestinal bleeding and lesions associated with inflammatory bowel disease represent a diagnostic dilemma because they often lie in areas of the small bowel that are difficult to access with flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. Capsule endoscopy has been developed to access these areas in a way that avoids the pain and anesthesia risks of push endoscopy. The diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy has proven to be superior to both flexible small-bowel endoscopy and radiologic studies in several prospective trials. Capsule endoscopy transmits a large number of images that do not correlate well with the standard endoscopic view, creating a diagnostic challenge for the endoscopist. Complications of this procedure include capsule retention in diverticulae or at stricture sites. The technology of this procedure continues to evolve through improving image resolution and diagnostic accuracy. Capsule endoscopy also represents an overall economic saving despite a high unit price compared with the expense of repeat diagnostic testing. Because the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy is nearly twofold greater than conventional endoscopy, it has become the procedure of choice for the dilemma of assessing small-bowel pathology for many clinicians. Further studies are needed to determine whether the capsule endoscope can replace conventional endoscopy in the first-line diagnosis of pathology in other parts of the alimentary tract.

Capsules↗

PubMed2004

Investigation of various factors affecting encapsulation on the in-cap automatic capsule-filling machine.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence fill weight and weight variability of capsules produced on the In-Cap and to assess any differences in terms of capsule defects between gelatin and HPMC (Quali-V) shells. The In-Cap is an automatic tamping type capsule-filling machine and the low output of approximately 3000 capsules/hour makes it ideal for early formulation development and phase I/IIa clinical supplies manufacture. Four commonly used excipients (Avicel PH101, Avicel PH302, A-Tab, and Prosolv HD90) and a poorly flowing drug blend were encapsulated at various pin settings and powder bed heights. The average fill weight and coefficient of weight variation were determined. The percentage of defective capsules formed during encapsulation was calculated. Results of the study showed that pin setting was critical for controlling the fill weight and the weight variation. The order of pin setting with pin 1 (closer to the powder chute) set to a relatively higher position and pin 4 (before ejection) set to a lower position was found to give higher fill weights with relatively lower weight variability. The powder bed height influenced the fill weight for poorly flowing powders. The capsule machine speed did not appear to significantly influence the fill weight. The fill weight and weight variation were found to depend on the flow property of the material. A large percentage of defective capsules was obtained using HPMC shell size #00. Some of the commonly observed defects included split caps and improperly closed filled capsules. In general, appropriate selection of pin settings and bed height can reduce the weight variability seen, especially with poorly flowing high-dose formulations.

Capsules↗

PubMed1999

Bioavailability and diuretic effect after administration of retarded capsules of bumetanide in human subjects.

Retarded capsules containing 1 mg bumetanide (BN) were prepared and their in vivo absorption and diuretic effect after oral administration in human subjects were studied. For comparison, commercially available tablets of BN (rapid effect) were administered orally. The mean value of the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) after administration of retarded capsules was about one half that of the tablets. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the mean maximum urinary excretion rate of BN after administration of retarded capsules were also about one half compared to those of the tablets. Cumulative urinary volumes for 24 h, however, were not significantly different between retarded capsules and tablets. Peak times for the urinary excretion rate of BN, urine flow rate and the Cmax after administration of retarded capsules were significantly delayed compared to those of tablets. Clockwise hysteresis relationships between the urine flow rate and plasma concentration or urinary excretion rate of BN were observed after administration of retarded capsules. From these studies, retarded capsules of BN possessed a mild diuresis and its diuretic effect was maintained for a few hours after administration.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

[Dissolution and absorption behavior of meclizine dihydrochloride from soft gelatin capsules].

Two kinds of soft gelatin capsules containing meclizine dihydrochloride (MZ) were prepared by using a medium-chain length triglyceride as a base. One is a self-emulsifying type, and the other is an oil dispersing type. The release of MZ from soft capsules and its in vivo absorption behavior were examined and compared with those of a commercial tablet. The release of MZ from the self-emulsifying soft capsule which was only slightly affected by pH was greater than those from the oil dispersing soft capsule and commercial tablet. The serum levels of MZ after the administration of preparations orally to beagle dogs increased in the order of self-emulsifying soft capsule, commercial tablet, oil dispersing soft capsule. This result suggests that the self-emulsifying soft capsule is useful for the increase of the bioavailability of the drug.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2006

Distribution of A-delta and C-fiber receptors in the cervical facet joint capsule and their response to stretch.

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that cervical facet joint capsules are a major source of whiplash pain. However, there is a paucity of neurophysiologic data to support this hypothesis. The purposes of this study were to determine the distribution of A-delta and C-fiber sensory receptors in the facet joint capsule and to test their patterns of response to stretch and related sensory function. METHODS: Laminectomy from C4 to C7 was performed in seventeen goats, while they were under general anesthesia, to expose the C6 nerve roots. Customized dual bipolar electrodes were used to record neural activity from one of the C6 branches. An 8 or 15-V electrical stimulus was used to provoke receptor activity in nine designated areas on the dorsal part of the C5-C6 facet joint capsule. Receptors were classified on the basis of conduction velocities. The waveform of an identified receptor was set up as a template to determine its neural activity in response to capsular stretch. The characteristics of each single receptor's response to capsular stretch were analyzed to determine its sensory function as a mechanoreceptor or nociceptor. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-eight receptors on the dorsal part of the C5-C6 facet joint capsule were evoked by electrical stimulation in the seventeen goats. More C-fiber receptors were found on the dorsolateral aspect of the facet joint capsule, where tendons and muscles were attached. The response to stretch of 120 receptors, from twelve goats, were analyzed to classify them into one of four categories (high-threshold mechanoreceptors, non-saturated low-threshold mechanoreceptors, saturated low-threshold mechanoreceptors, and silent receptors) or as unclassified receptors. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of receptors in the facet joint capsule indicates that the capsule has pain and proprioceptive sensory functions.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Multicenter clinical study on Fuzhenghuayu capsule against liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B.

AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of Fuzhenghuayu capsule (FZHY capsule, a capsule for strengthening body resistance to remove blood stasis) against liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, double blinded and parallel control experiment was conducted in patients (aged from 18 to 65 years) with liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B. Hepatic histologic changes and HBV markers were examined at wk 0 and 24 during treatment. Serologic parameters (HA, LM, P-III-P, IV-C) were determined and B ultrasound examination of the spleen and liver was performed at wk 0, 12 and 24. Liver function (liver function and serologic parameters for liver fibrosis) was observed at wk 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24. Blood and urine routine test, renal function and ECG were examined before and after treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between experimental group (110 cases) and control group (106 cases) in demographic features, vital signs, course of illness, history for drug anaphylaxis and previous therapy, liver function, serologic parameters for liver fibrosis, liver histologic examination (99 cases in experimental group, 96 cases in control group), HBV markers, and renal function. According to the criteria for liver fibrosis staging, mean score of fibrotic stage(s) in experimental group after treatment (1.80) decreased significantly compared to the previous treatment (2.33, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in mean score of fibrotic stage(s) (2.11 and 2.14 respectively). There was a significant difference in reverse rate between experimental group (52%) and control group (23.3%) in liver biopsy. With marked effect on decreasing the mean value of inflammatory activity and score of inflammation (P<0.05), Fuzhenghuayu capsule had rather good effects on inhibiting inflammatory activity and was superior to that of Heluoshugan capsule. Compared to that of pretreatment, there was a significant decrease in HA, LM, P-III-P and IV-C content in experimental group after 12 and 24 wk of treatment. The difference in HA, LM, P-III-P and IV-C content between 12 and 24 wk of treatment and pretreatment in experimental group was significantly greater than that in control group (P<0.01-0.05). The effect, defined as two of four parameters lowering more than 30% of the baseline, was 72.7% in experimental group and 27.4% in control group (P<0.01). Obvious improvement in serum Alb, ALT, AST and GGT was seen in two groups. Compared to that of control group, marked improvement in GGT and Alb was seen in experimental group (P<0.05). The effective rate of improvement in serum ALT was 72.7% in experimental group and 59.4% in control group. No significant difference was seen in blood and urine routine and ECG before and after treatment. There was also no significant difference in stable rate in ALT and serologic parameters for liver fibrosis between experimental group and control group after 12 wk of withdrawal. CONCLUSION: Fuzhenghuayu capsule has good therapeutic effects on alleviating liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B without any adverse effect and is superior to that of Heluoshugan capsule.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Capsule 13C-urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

AIM: To compare the accuracy of capsule 13C-urea breath test (UBT) with conventional invasive methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: One hundred patients received CLO test, histological examination, culture and 100- or 50-mg capsule UBT for the diagnosis of H pylori infection. H pylori infection was defined as those with positive culture or positive results from both histology and CLO test. RESULTS: Both the sensitivity and specificity of the 100-mg capsule UBT (n = 50) were 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the 50-mg capsule UBT (n = 50) were 96.4 and 100%, respectively. Taken together, the accuracy of capsule UBT (n = 100) was higher than that of CLO test, histology and culture (100% vs 92%, 91% and 89%, respectively; P = 0.035, 0.018 and 0.005, respectively). Our data showed that the optimal timing of sampling for 100- and 50-mg capsule UBT was 15-30 and 6-15 min, respectively. CONCLUSION: Capsule UBT has a higher accuracy compared with biopsy-based tests. It is an ideal method for the diagnosis of H pylori infection.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Non-invasive measurement of pan-colonic pressure over a whole digestive cycle: clinical applications of a capsule-style manometric system.

AIM: To study the prolonged colonic motility under normal conditions with a novel capsule-style micro-system and to assess its clinical significance. METHODS: A single use telemetry capsule (10 mm in diameter, 20 mm in length) embedded with a pressure sensor was ingested by the subjects. The sensor is capable of transmitting colonic pressure wirelessly for more than 130 h. The time of capsule entering the segmental colon was detected by ultrasound. The ultrasonic electrodes were mounted on the surface of the ileocecum and navel and at the junction of the left and rectosigmoid colon of the subjects in sequence, which were identified by abdominal X-rays with radiopaque markers. To verify the accuracy and reliability of ultrasonic detection of telemetry capsules at key points of colon, the segmental colonic transit time was simultaneously recorded by using radiopaque markers. RESULTS: The signal lamp showed that all recorders could receive the radio signal transmitted by the telemetry capsule. The X-rays showed that all telemetry capsules were detected successfully when they were passing through the key points of colon. There was a significant correlation between the transit results obtained by ultrasonic detection or by radiopaque markers. Colorectal recording was obtained from 20 healthy subjects during 613 h (411 h during waking, 202 h during sleep). Compared to waking, the number of pressure contractions and the area under pressure contractions were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased during sleep (21 +/- 5 h(-1) vs 15 +/- 4 h(-1), 463 +/- 54 mmHg x s/min vs 342 +/- 45 mmHg x s/min). The colonic motility exhibited significant regional variations both in the circadian behavior and in response to waking and meal. CONCLUSION: The capsule-style micro-system is reliable and noninvasive, and may represent a useful tool for the study of physiology and pathology of colonic motor disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Gamma dose estimation to the gastric wall after administration of a capsule containing a large dose of 131I (author's transl)].

Gamma dose to the gastric wall from a capsule containing 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) of 131I was estimated in 6 patients who had received total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma some years before. The tests were done with a 37 MBq (1 mCi) capsule each in 5 patiens and with a 185 MBq (5 mCi) capsule in one patient. All the patients were requested to fast in the morning. The capsule was given with a glass of water (200 ml). Then, the patient kept supine position under the scintillation camera for a period of one hour except one patient on whom the test was suspended at 30 minutes because of early clearance of the radioactivity from the stomach. In one of 5 patients who were tested for a period of one hour, serial scinticamera images showed almost no movement and minimum dissolution of the capsule. The remaining 4 patients showed slight to moderate movements of the capsules with a variety of dissolution speeds. Data processings were done by Scintipac-1200. The estimated doses at the distance of 0.5 cm from the source were 3.820, 2.074, 1.445, 1.154 and 1.462 grays (382.0, 207.4, 144.5, 115.4 and 146.2 rads) per initial one hour and 375 mGy (37.5 rad) per initial 30 minutes, respectively. From these data, it is thought to be wise to advise the patient to rotate or shake the body on bed occasionally after swallowing the capsules containing a large dose of 131I for the treatment of thyroid cancer. It is also desirable to recommend the patient to walk around even though the controlled patient's room is small. Additional water may be also meaningful to avoid unnecessary irradiation to the gastric wall.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Management of the anterior and posterior lens capsules and vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of managing anterior and posterior lens capsules and anterior vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the literature related to pediatric cataract surgery on PubMed and subclassified the subject into subtopics for managing the anterior lens capsule, posterior lens capsule, and anterior vitreous. RESULTS: After a review of the literature, we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches related to surgical managements of the anterior lens capsule, posterior lens capsule, and anterior vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery. We discussed recommendations from the literature and commented on our experiences related to the above subtopics. CONCLUSION: In the surgical management of pediatric cataract, anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis provides the most reliable and tear-resistant capsular opening. Vitrectorhexis and radiofrequency diathermy, on the other hand, are alternative approaches (depending on the surgeon's personal preference). Primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis may delay the onset of posterior capsule opacification. Anterior vitrectomy may be necessary to prevent or eliminate the onset of posterior capsule opacification in young children.

Cataract↗

PubMed2004

Genetic organisation of the capsule transport gene region from Haemophilus paragallinarum.

The region involved in export of the capsule polysaccharides to the cell surface of Haemophilus paragallinarum was cloned and the genetic organisation determined. Degenerate primers designed from sequence alignment of the capsule transport genes of Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were used to amplify a 2.6 kb fragment containing a segment of the H. paragallinarum capsule transport gene locus. This fragment was used as a digoxigenin labelled probe to isolate the complete H. paragallinarum capsule transport gene locus from genomic DNA. The sequence of the cloned DNA was determined and analysis revealed the presence of four genes, each showing high homology with known capsule transport genes. The four genes were designated hctA, B, C and D (for H. paragallinarum capsule transport genes) and the predicted products of these genes likely encode an ATP-dependent export system responsible for transport of the capsule polysaccharides to the cell surface, possibly a member of a super family designated ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2004

The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a restriction on publicly subsidised temazepam 10 mg capsules upon the injection of benzodiazepines by injecting drug users (IDUs). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study of regular IDUs targeting periods before and after the policy change. Analysis of prescription data, including time-series analysis. SETTING: Drug services in the capital cities of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland and the Northern Territory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in prescriptions and patterns of benzodiazepine use; harms associated with benzodiazepine use. RESULTS: There was a decrease in temazepam 10 mg capsule prescriptions and a corresponding increase in temazepam 10 mg tablet prescriptions after the policy change. IDU survey data suggested that IDUs continued to inject benzodiazepines and temazepam capsules. The frequency of the injection of capsules after the restriction appeared similar to that before the policy change. There was no change in the frequency of injection of tablets. Most IDUs reported obtaining their benzodiazepines from doctors, with substantial proportions obtaining capsules even after the restriction. About half the IDUs reported purchasing benzodiazepines on the street. Most IDUs who injected benzodiazepines reported injection-related problems. CONCLUSION: Limiting the prescribing of temazepam capsules may have reduced their injection by some IDUs, but additional strategies are needed to reduce the misuse among this group. These may include further restriction of capsule preparations, continued education of doctors and IDUs, and the examination of prescribing practices of individual doctors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Microfibril abnormalities of the lens capsule in patients with Marfan syndrome and ectopia lentis.

PURPOSE: To determine the distribution and structure of fibrillin microfibrils in the three fibrillin-rich lens capsule zones of subjects with the Marfan syndrome. METHODS: Capsules were dissected from nine lenses extracted intracapsularly from Marfan syndrome patients. The capsules were divided and mounted flat on gelatin-coated glass slides. ABC immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal anti-fibrillin antibody was used to visualize and localize fibrillin in these specimens. The staining patterns and microscopic structure of microfibrils were compared to those of normal controls. RESULTS: There were no bundles of fibrillin fibers in Zone I - a 0.75-mm wide peripheral ring of the anterior capsule that normally contains radial bunches of fibrillin fibers; instead, fine disorganized fibrillin-positive fragments were dispersed in this region. The size and shape of the fragments varied among patients. In contrast to normal lenses, there was only light staining for fibrillin in Zone II - a 1-mm wide meshwork of normally fibrillin-rich fibers that encircles the equator and serves as an insertion platform for most zonular fibers. The radial periodic bands of Zone III - a 0.1-mm wide ring on the most peripheral part of the normal posterior capsule - were identifiable in some samples, but stained only faintly for fibrillin. CONCLUSION: Fibrillin microfibrils are disrupted and fragmented in the lens capsule of patients with the Marfan syndrome. The qualitative, quantitative, and structural abnormalities of fibrillin deposition in the lens capsule of these patients support a causal relationship to lens abnormalities in this disease.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of nopal capsules in diabetes mellitus].

To find out if commercial capsules with dried nopal (prickle-pear cactus, Opuntia ficus indica may have a role in the management of diabetes mellitus, three experiments were performed: 30 capsules where given in fasting condition to 10 diabetic subjects and serum glucose was measured through out 3 hours; a control test was performed with 30 placebo capsules. OGTT with previous intake of 30 nopal or placebo capsules was performed in ten healthy individuals. In a crossover and single blinded study 14 diabetic patients withdrew the oral hypoglycemic treatment and received 10 nopal or placebo capsules t.i.d. during one week; serum glucose, cholesterol and tryglycerides levels were measured before and after each one-week period. Five healthy subjects were also studied in the same fashion. Opuntia capsules did not show acute hypoglycemic effect and did not influence OGTT. In diabetic patients serum glucose, cholesterol and tryglycerides levels did not change with Opuntia, but they increased with placebo (P < 0.01 glucose and cholesterol, P = NS triglycerides). In healthy individuals glycemia did not change with nopal, while cholesterol and triglycerides decreased (P < 0.01 vs. placebo). The intake of 30 Opuntia capsules daily in patients with diabetes mellitus had a discrete beneficial effect on glucose and cholesterol. However this dose is unpractical and at present it is not recommended in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Study of Shugan Yiyang capsule on erectile dysfunction].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacological effect of Shugan Yiyang(SGYY) capsule. METHOD: kongming mice and Wistar rats were used to observe the effects of SGYY capsule on sexual desire, erection, ejaculation and fatigue. The weight of prostate, seminal vesicle, testes, levators and thymus and serum testosterone level were also measured. Furthermore, Rhesus monkey were used to construct animal model of erectile dysfunction. Effects of SGYY capsule on sexual behavior, penile blood flow and electromyogram were observed. RESULT: SGYY capsule can remarkably reduce the incubation period of erection, ejaculation and innovate the sexual desire,erection, ejaculation both on rats and rhesus monkeys. The weight of prostate, seminal vesicle, testes, levators in mice and serum testosterone level of rats increased while the weight of thymus decreased. It can also diminish the luminar of vein and reduce the venous outflow while the transmission of peripheral nervous system remained stable. CONCLUSION: SGYY capsule can remarkably improve the erectile activity, sexual desire and ejaculatory activity. The mechanism of SGYY capsule may be related to the increase of androgen and adrenocorticohormone levels. as well as the reduction of penile venous outflow. [Key words] shuganyiyang capsule; er

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Effectiveness of Nao'an Capsule on stroke prevention among high risk population in Nanhui, Shanghai].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of stroke prevention among high risk population, using Nao'an Capsules. METHODS: Participants were selected from 696,558 residents in Nanhui, using county of Shanghai city. Individuals aged 35 years old and over with at least one risk factor exposure to stroke, received cerebral vascular hemodynamic examination. 18,271 cases meeting the criteria of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes accumulative score below 70 points were defined as individuals with high-risk and targets to receive intervention. According to the willingness of the participants, 10,313 cases received Nao'an Capsules for intensive intervention based on general intervention measures compared to 7958 cases only receiving general intervention. After the implementation of intervention, incidence and mortality rates of stroke and the effectiveness of three-year intervention were studied. RESULTS: Incidence of stroke in Nao'an Capsules group was significantly lower than that of the general intervention (P < 0.01) with 53.8% in males and 58.4% in females. The relative risk (RR) in two gender groups were 0.46 (0.33 - 0.64) and 0.39 (0.30 - 0.50) respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the history of hypertension, accumulative score of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes, age, gender and Nao'an Capsules intervention were the variables selected into the equation and significantly related to stroke. Among the variables, Nao'an Capsule was the strongest factor with a RR of 0.41. CONCLUSION: Incidence of stroke in Nao'an Capsule intervention group was significantly lower than that in the general intervention group after 3 years of intervention, suggesting that Nao'an Capsule intervention was the strongest factor affecting stroke occurrence in individuals at high-risk.

Adult↗