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PubMed1982

Population genetic aspects of primary congenital glaucoma. II. Fitness, parental consanguinity, founder effect.

This paper deals with some other population genetic aspects associated with the incidence of a type of primary congenital glaucoma that occurs very frequently in the Gypsy population of Slovakia. In addition to the decreased fertility of affected individuals of Gypsy origin being determined, the relative reproduction fitness and the selection coefficient against this disease were estimated. An increased number of kinship intermarriages in parents of the patients were recorded, namely in the Gypsy group (45.6%). The average inbreeding coefficient for the Gypsy group (F = 0.0091) and the non-Gypsy group (F = 0.0030) was calculated. Based on the high frequency of primary congenital glaucoma in a relatively small Gypsy subpopulation and on data about their origin, immigration, and settlements in the territory of Slovakia, the authors consider a special case of gene drift--the founder effect--to be the most plausible explanation of the given fact.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1977

On consanguineous marriages and the genetic load.

It has been reported that studies of the genetic consequences of inbreeding should adopt a different strategy in populations having a relatively old inbreeding history and where inbreeding levels have varied over time. This contention is tested with a series of 39,495 single-birth records from Bombay, India, collected in a World Health Organization survey on congenital malformations. Our analysis reveals that: 1. the incidence of major malformations is significantly higher among the inbred offspring (1.34%) as compared to that among non-inbred ones (0,81%)--a finding at variance with a previous study in the same area; 2. the inbreeding effect on perinatal mortality (stillbirths and mortality during the first few days of life) is also found to be significant. In view of the above findings, the genetic load as disclosed by inbreeding is computed for perinatal mortality, major malformations and pooling these together. A + B, the measure of the number of lethal equivalents per gamete, is found to be at variance with other reports. Such variability can be ascribed to non-genetic factors. Supporting evidence collected from Brazil and Malaysia in the same survey is also presented.

Brazil↗
PubMed1994

Potter sequence and consanguinity--a case report.

The first child of first-cousin parents had Potter sequence, including rudimentary, dysplastic kidneys and pulmonary hypoplasia. The girl died after 5 h. During the next pregnancy, early fetal ultrasound was normal. In the 33rd week, however, ultrasound revealed oligohydramniosis and reduced renal size. After 40 weeks of gestation a healthy girl of normal weight without any stigmata was born. Her pulmonary function and X-ray were normal. Renal ultrasound demonstrated small kidneys with high echogenicity. There was a transient renal insufficiency with a peak serum creatinine of 160 mumol/l. At 5 months of age the infant still has an increased serum creatinine concentration of 57 mumol/l and an inulin clearance of 29 ml/min per 1.73 m2. In this case there is a possibility of an autosomal recessive inheritance.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

A family with one child with acrocallosal syndrome, one child with anencephaly-polydactyly, and parental consanguinity.

A 2-year-old boy with typical features of the acrocallosal syndrome is presented. His parents are first degree cousins and their first pregnancy resulted in spontaneous abortion whereas the offspring of their second pregnancy was an anencephalic baby with bilateral post-axial polydactyly of the hands. The possibility of including anencephaly in the spectrum of the CNS malformations of the acrocallosal syndrome is suggested.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

Familial isolated parathyroid adenoma in a consanguineous family.

The 23-year-old Caucasian male propositus presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and normocalciuria for 2 months. His 29-year-old brother had undergone an operation for recurrent parathyroid adenoma at age 26 and 28. No other member of the family was affected. His father and mother were second-degree relatives. Laboratory studies showed primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), while the remaining endocrine studies and genetic testing for multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 and 2A were normal. Technetium-cardiolite scintigraphy and ultrasound scans revealed a parathyroid mass at the left lower neck. Apart from bilateral hearing loss due to gentamicin treatment as a pre-term child, the patient was in of good health. Signs or symptoms of other endocrinopathies were absent. The patient was referred for parathyroidectomy with subsequent autotransplantation of the remaining glands into his sternocleidomastoid muscle. Histological examination revealed an adenoma with oncocytic differentiation, similar to that seen in his brother. The disease may follow a recessive mode of inheritance or may be due to a dominant germ-cell mutation in one of the parents. The presented case may ultimately help in elucidating the molecular genetic basis of this rare form of pHPT.

Adenoma↗