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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

2-year clinical evaluation of a gallium restorative alloy.

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical performance of 2-year old gallium alloy restorations. Parameters evaluated include: (1) fracture at the margins, (2) tarnish, (3) surface roughness, (4) tooth fracture, (5) fracture through the body of the restoration, and (6) any medical or dental conditions arising during the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients received 30 Class I restorations of Galloy gallium alloy. These were placed as conservatively as possible under a rubber dam. Fifteen of the preparations were lined with a Bis-GMA resin to seal the restoration from moisture. The other 15 preparations were sealed with Amalgambond. After placement of the gallium alloy, the exposed surfaces of all restorations were sealed with the Bis-GMA resin, and the occlusion was checked. The restorations were examined at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. RESULTS: At the 2-year recall, all restorations were intact with the exception of one tooth fracture (cause unknown). Forty-five percent of the restorations exhibited tarnish and 60% had a rough surface. The fracture at the margins of these restorations was minimal, and no significant difference could be found between those using Amalgambond and those sealed with the resin system. No medical problems were reported by the patients, and postoperative sensitivity was minimal.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed1990

Pulpal and root sensitivity rated to periodontal therapy.

The purpose of this clinical investigation was to determine if periodontal treatment consisting of scaling, root planing, and periodontal surgery produced any change in pulpal or root sensitivity. Ten patients were tested, with a total of 84 observations. There were 42 periodontally treated teeth, with 42 contralateral teeth serving as control specimens. The teeth were evaluated with stimuli from an electric pulp tester, cold, and air. The electric pulp tester was found to be reliable in assessing the pulpal sensitivity. Neither the amount of periodontal destruction nor the extent of periodontal treatment had any effect on the pulp. Scaling and root planing had no significant effect on root sensitivity. Periodontal surgery was directly related to root sensitivity in terms of the extent of root surface exposure. An association was observed clinically between plaque accumulation after periodontal surgery and root sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amelogenesis imperfecta: a case report.

A case of amelogenesis imperfecta in a Nigerian is presented. Although the patient had almost full complement of teeth, their structure was physically weak and many of them were discoloured. Many of the teeth had lost their enamel and worn down rapidly causing great sensitivity, pain and aesthetic problems for the patient. The clinical features and management of this case are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Vital bleaching with two at-home professional systems.

PURPOSE: To compare the whitening effectiveness of two professional vital bleaching systems in a randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Balancing for baseline color, 6 9 adult volunteers were randomized to either a whitening strip containing 6.5% hydrogen peroxide (Professional Crest Whitestrips) or a custom tray-based system using both hydrogen and carbamide peroxide (Nite White Excel2). Total contact time was 21 hours for the strip system and 28 hours for the 10% carbamide peroxide equivalent tray system. Whitening response was measured objectively as L*a*b* from digital images of the maxillary anterior teeth. RESULTS: Both treatments resulted in significant (P < 0.01) improvements in yellowness (deltab*), brightness (deltaL*) and overall color (deltaE*). For between group comparisons, strip subjects had a statistically significant or directionally favorable whitening response relative to the tray system at intermediary time points, while at the end-of-treatment, the strip group had highly statistically significant (P < or = 0.005), superior whitening response for all color parameters measured in the study. Both treatments were generally well tolerated, with 35-40% of the subjects in each group reporting minor tooth sensitivity or gingival irritation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity study in vivo: glass-ionomer versus zinc-phosphate bases beneath amalgam restorations.

This study in vivo evaluated the sensitivity of class 1 and 2 amalgam restorations which had bases of either zinc phosphate or an admix, silver-reinforced glass ionomer. The evaluation of sensitivity was done by providing the patient with five postcard questionnaires to be mailed to the clinic over a period of time from one to 28 days. Teeth restored with amalgam and silver-reinforced glass ionomer were significantly less sensitive to cold than those restored with amalgam and zinc phosphate.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1989

[The effectiveness of GaA1As semiconductor laser treatment to pain decrease after irradiation].

Recently, sedative and antiphlogistic treatment is conducted with low energy laser irradiation. The purpose of the this study was to evaluate the effectiveness to decrease of pain just after irradiation by a GaA1As semiconductor laser. The irradiation apparatus was SEMI LASER NANOX (LX-800: G-C. Co.) with the following features: a wave length of (around) 780nm: the laser energy, 30mW; exposure time, 30sec to 180sec/per treatment. Diagnosis of pre- and post-operative sensitivity were classified into the following four grades: Grade 0 no pain. Grade I mild pain. Grade II strong but tolerable pain. Grade III intolerable pain (simultaneous with stimulation). The results were as follows: 1. In the hypersensitivity of dentin, the treatment was not effective with 2 cases of grade III, but with all of grade I, II (35 cases) the pain decreased just after irradiation. 2. It was effective in all cases with pain like periodontitis after root canal filling and pain after extraction of teeth. 3. It was effective in all cases with gingivitis, stomatitis, and gingival ulcers after infiltration anesthesia etc..

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of potassium nitrate and fluoride on carbamide peroxide bleaching.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect on tooth sensitivity when potassium nitrate and fluoride were added to a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Seventeen maxillary and four mandibular arches were bleached using the at-home bleaching technique. The bleaching treatment consisted of the simultaneous use of a 10% carbamide peroxide gel containing 3% potassium nitrate wt/vol and 0.11 fluoride ion wt/vol on one side of the midline and a 10% carbamide peroxide gel only (control) on the other side of the midline for 14 nights. A visual analog scale for each side of the dental arch was used by the patients to assess tooth sensitivity and tooth whitening. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were also taken. RESULTS: The addition of potassium nitrate and fluoride significantly decreased the total tooth sensitivity reported by the patients. The addition did not significantly change the whitening efficacy of the carbamide peroxide bleach. CONCLUSION: A 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel containing potassium nitrate and fluoride produced less tooth sensitivity than did the control bleaching gel during a 2-week at-home bleaching treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Current status of nightguard vital bleaching.

Indications for using a 10% carbamide peroxide material in a custom-fitted tray to whiten teeth include teeth discolored from aging, chromogenic foods and drinks, and smoking, and also brown fluorosis-stained teeth, single dark teeth, and tetracycline-stained teeth. Tetracycline-stains may require 2 to 6 months of nightly treatment, whereas after discolorations generally resolve in 2 to 6 weeks. After an initial relapse in the first 2 weeks after the end of treatment, color tends to be stable for 1 to 3 years, with some treatments being permanent. The ADA has approved only six 10% carbamide peroxide materials, which have extensive research and publications on safety and efficacy. Considering the average cost of $196 per arch, and the noninvasive nature of this treatment, nightguard vital bleaching is probably the safest, most cost-effective, patient-pleasing method to improve the appearance of a smile. However, it should be supervised by a dentist for the proper examination, diagnosis of the cause of discoloration, treatment options, and fabrication and fitting of the carrier. Sensitivity during whitening may be treated with fluoride and potassium nitrate.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Clinical evaluation of two desensitizing agents for use under Class 5 silver amalgam restorations.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Postoperative sensitivity is sometimes reported to be a clinical problem after placement of silver amalgam restorations. PURPOSE: This study compared postoperative sensitivity of Class 5 caries restored with amalgam restorations and Copalite or DentinBloc cavity liners. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At least 1 pair of amalgam restorations were placed in each of 16 patients and tested for sensitivity at 5 time periods. RESULTS: Sensitivity was significantly less with DentinBloc cavity liner (P < .05) at 24 hours, and 2 and 4 weeks. There was a directional but nonsignificant effect (P > .05) in favor of DentinBloc cavity liner at 1 and 16 weeks. CONCLUSION: DentinBloc cavity liner was more effective than Copalite cavity liner in reducing sort term postoperative sensitivity for amalgam restorations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of a whitening gel designed to accelerate whitening.

A clinical trial was conducted with 25 subjects to evaluate the effects and safety of Zoom! Take-Home whitening gel, a 6% hydrogen peroxide gel for vital tooth bleaching. Tooth bleaching was accomplished using a tray system overnight for 6 nights. Over the 6 nights, a significant change (from darker to lighter) was seen in tooth shades as demonstrated by 3 assessment methods: VITA Shade Value Oriented Guide, Trubyte Bioform Color Ordered Shade Guide scoring system, and the Chroma Meter CR-321 assessments. VITA Shade scores showed a mean change of -6.49 shades (P = .0001) from baseline to day 4 and a -7.72 shades (P = .0001) from baseline to day 7. The Trubyte scores showed a mean change of -9.31 shades (P = .0001) from baseline to day 4 and a -10.77 shades (P = .0001) from baseline to day 7. The Chroma Meter was used to measure tooth color. Analysis of Chroma Meter data showed a significant change in color (delta E), 13.82 mean score change (P = .0001) from baseline to day 4 and a 7.25 mean score change (P = .0001) from baseline to day 7. At day 4 minor tooth sensitivity was reported, and all tooth sensitivity resolved within a few days after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Safety issues when using a 16% carbamide peroxide whitening solution.

BACKGROUND: The scientific literature is lacking on the occurrence of side effects and other safety issues when using carbamide peroxide whitening solutions of concentrations greater than 10%. This double-blind nightguard vital bleaching study compares safety issues when using 16% carbamide peroxide against a placebo or 10% carbamide peroxide (Nite White Classic by Discus Dental Inc.). Evaluated were changes in gingival index, plaque index, nonmarginal gingival index, nongingival oral mucosal index, tooth vitality, and the patients' perceptions of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty female dental hygiene students participated in the study. Each participant wore a maxillary treatment tray for 1 week without any solution and then for 8 to 10 hours per night for 14 nights, filling each quadrant with placebo, 10% carbamide peroxide, or 16% carbamide peroxide, using a split tray design. RESULTS: With respect to gingival index, plaque index, nonmarginal gingival index, nongingival oral mucosa index, tooth vitality, and tooth sensitivity, there were no statistically significant differences between the 16% carbamide peroxide solution and the other two solutions (p > .05). Quadrants receiving the 16% carbamide peroxide solution experienced more gingival irritation than quadrants receiving placebo or 10% carbamide peroxide solution (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: When evaluating the above-mentioned safety issues, except for gingival irritation, there were no statistically significant differences between a 16% carbamide peroxide solution and 10% carbamide peroxide solution or a placebo when used as described here. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Among the 20 participants whose data were analyzed, it was found that a 16% carbamide peroxide whitening solution (Nite White Classic), when used as described in this study, can be effective in nightguard vital bleaching with no statistical differences in gingival index, plaque index, nonmarginal gingival index, nongingival oral mucosa changes, tooth vitality, or tooth sensitivity, compared with a 10% whitening solution (Nite White Classic). More gingival irritation was experienced with 16% carbamide peroxide. Additionally, 20% of the participants in this study self-reported sensitivity when wearing their treatment tray without any solution, and 36% of the participants reported sensitivity to the placebo solution.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A clinical evaluation of 10 percent vs. 15 percent carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening agents.

BACKGROUND: Agents with carbamide peroxide, or CP, in various concentrations are widely prescribed for at-home tooth whitening. It is not clear, however, if the more concentrated gels will whitening teeth to a greater extent, as no controlled clinical trials have been reported. The authors conducted a double-blind study of human subjects to evaluate whether a 15 percent CP tooth-whitening system was more effective than a 10 percent CP system, and to determine if tooth sensitivity increased with use of the higher concentration. METHODS: The authors recruited 57 subjects with maxillary anterior teeth of shade A3 or darker (as gauged against a value-oriented shade guide). The subjects were 18 to 65 years of age and in good general and dental health. After matching the subjects by sex and age, the authors randomly assigned them to either a control group, which used a 10 percent CP whitening agent, or an experimental group, which used a 15 percent CP agent. RESULTS: The results indicated that there was no significant difference in shade change between the groups after one week of treatment (t = 1.455, P = .05), but there was a significant difference at the end of the treatment period (t = 2.303, P < .05), as well as two weeks after treatment concluded (t = 2.248, P < .05). There was no significant difference in sensitivity (t = 1.399, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference in color change between the 10 percent CP and 15 percent CP groups at the end of the study period. There was no significant difference in level of tooth sensitivity between the two groups, and the incidence was equal; there was, however, a significant difference in variability of tooth sensitivity between the two groups. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: If performed under the careful guidance of a dentist, at-home whitening is an effective treatment, regardless of whether 10 percent CP or 15 percent CP is used. There may be added color change and varying sensitivity with the use of 15 percent CP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of ferric oxalate as an agent for use during surgery to prevent post-operative root hypersensitivity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6% ferric oxalate solution applied during periodontal surgery to prevent post-operative tooth hypersensitivity. Twenty-five adult patients with similar bilateral periodontal defects participated in this study. Data were collected at baseline (1 week prior to surgery) and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks following surgery. Sensitivity level was determined using the visual analog scale (VAS) with the following stimuli: 1) mechanical stimulation with a No. 23 dental explorer; 2) water at 50 degrees C; 3) ice; and 4) electric pulp tester (EPT). Teeth were randomly assigned to either test (6% ferric oxalate in 0.9% saline) or control (0.9% saline) groups. Solutions were applied to the exposed root surfaces for 1 minute during surgery. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation test. Results from this study demonstrated statistically significant reduction in the responses to thermal stimuli, especially cold, between groups treated with ferric oxalate as compared to those treated with saline. For the cold test the difference increased with time from baseline to 6 weeks. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in sensitivity to heat between groups were also observed, but only at 2 and 4 weeks following surgery. There were no differences at any time period between the test and control groups when tactile or EPT techniques were used. In addition, there was no correlation between sensitivity and other clinical parameters. It was concluded from this study that 6% ferric oxalate was effective in reducing post-surgical cold sensitivity when applied during periodontal surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Tray delivery of potassium nitrate-fluoride to reduce bleaching sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE: Tooth sensitivity is a common side effect associated with tooth whitening. The purpose of this study was to determine if bleaching tray delivery of potassium nitrate-fluoride reduces bleaching sensitivity enough to allow continuation of whitening treatment. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Thirty patients were enrolled in a university-approved clinical study and had their teeth bleached at night with 10% carbamide peroxide in a custom-fitted tray. The bleaching tray was a rigid experimental design for which sensitivity was expected. If tooth sensitivity was experienced, the patient applied a gel containing 5% potassium nitrate and 1,000 ppm sodium fluoride in the bleaching tray for various time periods. Log forms were collected upon completion of bleaching, and patient interviews were used to compare effects of the gel before and after sensitivity treatment. RESULTS: Sixteen out of 30 patients experienced tooth sensitivity. Of those 16 patients, 12 used the gel, and 11 of the 12 reported a reduction in sensitivity. Treatment times ranged from 10 minutes before bleaching to 30 minutes before and after. The number of applications ranged from one to continuous use. Some patients were able to continue bleaching after one gel application with no subsequent sensitivity. Other patients were unable to continue bleaching unless they continued using the gel. The incidence of tooth sensitivity (53%) reported in this study is consistent with sensitivity reported in studies using semi-rigid custom-fitted trays made from stone casts with a nonscalloped, nonreservoir design. CONCLUSION: The use of a 5% potassium nitrate-fluoride gel applied in the tray as needed for tooth sensitivity associated with nightguard vital bleaching can reduce sensitivity in a majority of patients and allow most patients to continue bleaching to completion.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short- and long-term clinical evaluation of post-operative sensitivity of a new resin-based restorative material and self-etching primer.

This study evaluated the post-operative sensitivity of posterior restorations restored with a resin-based restorative material and a self-etching primer. Forty-six restorations, 28 Class I and 18 Class II were placed by two clinicians in 25 patients. After cavity preparations were completed under rubber dam isolation, they were restored using a self-etching primer (Fluorobond, Shofu Inc, Kyoto, Japan) and a resin-based restorative material (Beautifil, Shofu Inc, Kyoto, Japan). Patients were contacted on days 2 and 7 post-operatively and questioned regarding the presence of sensitivity, the stimuli that created sensitivity, the length of time the sensitivity lasted and its intensity using a rating scale from slight to severe. If sensitivity was experienced on day 7, patients were also contacted on days 14, 30 and 90 to assess the degree of sensitivity. All patients were recalled after 6-, 12- and 24-months for further evaluation of any sensitivity experienced. Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact Test were used for statistical analysis. At day 2, six restorations were sensitive to cold with no statistical difference (p > 0.05) from the restorations that were not sensitive. At day 7, only two restorations were sensitive. No sensitivity was present after day 14, which was also confirmed at the six-month recall. No correlation could be established among the duration of the sensitivity, the degree of pain and the causes that initiated sensitivity (p > 0.05). At one-year recall, one restoration was replaced due to post-operative sensitivity that started after the six-month recall. No sensitivity was noted at the 24-month recall. No correlation (p > 0.05) was found between sensitive restorations and those with a normal response throughout the study. The study showed that Fluorobond self-etching primer and Beautifil resin-based restorative material, when placed in posterior restorations, do not result in long-term post-operative sensitivity.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of 2% sodium fluoride iontophoresis as an alternative to lining in Class I cavity preparations--an in vivo study.

The study carried out on 110 permanent teeth in 44 randomly selected patients with age ranging from 8-14 years, to evaluate the efficacy of 2% sodium fluoride iontophoresis as an alternative to cavity lining in Class I preparations. 65 teeth were included in the experimental group (2% sodium fluoride iontophoresis) and 4 teeth in the control group (Zinc phosphate linings). Sensitivity gradings were done on a subjective discomfort scale. From the results, it was found that after cavity preparation, all the teeth (100%) were sensitive to air blast, water jet and probing in varying severity. But after iontophoresis and amalgam restoration the sensitivity reduced to 4.6%. Six months and nine months follow up revealed that all the teeth were vital and asymptomatic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Performance of a glass ionomer luting cement over 8 years in a general practice.

For this report, 1230 cast restorations luted with a glass ionomer cement were followed up for 8 years. The results show an absence of secondary caries, 99% retention of restorations, and a 4% incidence of irreversible pulpitis. The infrequent thermal sensitivity previously observed after cementation in this group of restorations did not recur.

Biocompatible Materials↗