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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Interleukin-10 regulates the tissue factor activity of monocytes in an in vitro model of bacterial endocarditis.

Monocytes are important effector cells in the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis since they provide the tissue factor that activates the coagulation system and maintains established vegetations. Monocytes secrete cytokines that can modulate monocyte tissue factor activity (TFA), thereby affecting the formation and maintenance of vegetations. In this study, we show that monocytes cultured for 4 h on a Streptococcus sanguis-infected fibrin matrix mimicking the in vivo vegetational surface express high levels of TFA. This was accompanied by secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and IL-1 beta. After a 24-h incubation period the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 could also be detected. Our data show that, whereas TNF-alpha and IL-1 have a minor role in the induction of TFA by monocytes cultured on a fibrin matrix, TNF-alpha but not IL-1 plays an important role in the induction of IL-10 by these cells. In turn, our data show that IL-10 is an important factor in the downregulation of monocyte TFA. In summary, we conclude that IL-10 is an important factor in the control of monocyte TFA in endocardial vegetations.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

Bacterial endocarditis involving a subaortic membrane.

A subaortic membrane predisposes to bacterial endocarditis usually affecting the aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract. Endocarditis involving the subaortic membrane itself has been described twice only; once at operation and once at postmortem. The case of a man with vegetations involving a subaortic membrane that were detected preoperatively and the echocardiographic appearances of these findings are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Left ventricular outflow tract-right atrial communication (Gerbode type defect) associated with bacterial endocarditis in a dog.

Left ventricular (LV) outflow tract-right atrial (RA) communication associated with bacterial endocarditis is described in a 6-year-old intact male Great Pyrenees dog with a 4- to 5-day history of fever, lethargy, weight loss, severe regenerative anemia, and asplenia. Typical vegetative mural endocardial lesions were observed grossly. Histologic evaluation revealed small gram-negative coccobacilli that were consistent with Bordetella avium-like organisms. These bacteria were associated with severe endocardial inflammation characterized by neutrophilic infiltration, extensive necrosis of endocardium, and fibrin deposition. LV-RA shunt (Gerbode defect) is a rare cardiac defect in humans that can be either congenital or, more rarely, secondary to septic endocarditis, valve replacement procedures, or thoracic trauma. B. avium-like organisms causing septicemia and endocarditis in immunocompromised and asplenic human patients have been described. To our knowledge, no previous descriptions of Gerbode defect associated with bacterial endocarditis in domestic animals have been reported in veterinary literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Left ventricle-right atrium communications acquired in bacterial endocarditis].

Three cases of acquired LV-RA communication during bacterial endocarditis are reported. The causal organisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. The endocarditis complicated aortic valve disease in 2 patients and a congenital aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum in the third case. Perforation of the septal abscess was preceded by 1st and 2nd degree AVB in all cases associated with bursts of intrahisian tachycardia in 1 case. The clinical presentation was that of an acute VSD; LV-RA communication was diagnosed by the radiological demonstration of systolic expansion of the RA, by 2D echocardiography using constant and Doppler techniques which gave the exact diagnosis in 1 case, by oximetry showing a large left-to-right shunt situated in the RA, and finally by selective left ventriculography. Surgery is essential and urgent and comprises repair of the fistula by two patches, one atrial shown on via a right atrial approach and the other ventricular via aortotomy associated with correction of the valvular lesions. Third degree AVB is observed in all cases, due to the anatomical location of the His bundle and requires permanent pacing. Good results were observed in 2 cases with follow-up periods of 14 and 48 months respectively.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Bacterial endocarditis in adult dairy cattle.

Thirty-one cases of bacterial endocarditis in adult dairy cows were reviewed. Clinical signs were reflective of the stage of the disease. Recurrent or persistent fever, tachycardia and a pounding heartbeat or systolic murmur, polypnea, and lameness were typical. With chronicity, weight loss and poor production developed. The end stage was congestive heart failure. Neutrophilia was typical in early cases. Low-grade anemia and high total serum globulin content developed with chronicity and seemed to be negative prognostic signs. Corynebacterium pyogenes was the organism most frequently identified by blood culture or at necropsy. Twenty cows were necropsied and 2 cows were sent to slaughter. Nine cows in which the diagnosis was made early in the course of the disease responded to long-term penicillin therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acute bacterial endocarditis with postpartum aortic valve replacement.

A case of acute bacterial endocarditis with aortic valve abscess, aortic insufficiency, and congestive heart failure at 32 weeks' gestation is described. Prompt valve replacement is indicated due to the risks of embolism to the coronary arteries and brain, and to the high mortality of such patients with medical management only. The infant was delivered prematurely to avoid the intraoperative risks to the fetus of cardiac surgery. General rather than regional anesthesia was chosen because venous pooling from a regional block would necessitate preoperative fluid loading and vasopressor therapy, which would be stressful for an already failing heart. In the presence of severe congestive heart failure, the patient underwent cesarean section and delivered a health 2020-g male infant; 36 hours later the aortic valve was successfully replaced with a no. 21 Byork-Shiley prosthesis. The infecting organism was Streptococcus viridans.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Subacute bacterial endocarditis and complete endocardial cushion defect.

Subacute bacterial endocarditis involving the common atrioventricular (AV) valve is a rare complication of complete endocardial cushion defect. This report describes our experience with an 18-year-old patient who was seen with this problem. Diagnosis was established by two-dimensional echocardiography. The operative findings and technique of repair are described. We believe this to be among the first successful reports of complete repair of active endocarditis involving the common AV valve in this congenital anomaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Bacterial endocarditis after Hurst bougienage in a patient with a benign oesophageal stricture.

A case of bacterial endocarditis which proved fatal in a 65-year-old edentulous male Caucasian with rheumatic valvular heart disease is reported. This occurred following dilatation of a benign oesophageal stricture with a Hurst mercury bougie. Transient low grade bacteraemia following upper gastrointestinal intubation is well documented but we are not aware of any published reports on bacterial endocarditis following this procedure and the possible implications of this case are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Teicoplanin in the treatment of gram-positive-bacterial endocarditis.

Intravenous teicoplanin has been used to treat 23 cases of gram-positive-bacterial endocarditis, usually with 3 to 7 mg/kg every 12 h on the first day, followed by 3 to 7 mg/kg every 24 h. For some cases (staphylococcal and enterococcal endocarditis), the dosage was 8 to 14.4 mg/kg per day and/or other antibiotics were given. The mean duration was 48.2 days (range, 23 to 130 days). Of 23 patients, 21 (91.3%) had negative cultures or were cured. A total of 18 patients were treated with teicoplanin alone; of these, 4 had surgery, and all (except 2 who relapsed) were cured. Teicoplanin was combined with one or more antibiotics in five cases; in all cases appropriate cultures were negative, but three patients died during therapy or follow-up. Mild renal impairment was seen in two patients; both were receiving teicoplanin in combination with an aminoglycoside. We conclude that intravenous teicoplanin administered once a day at doses of 7 to 14 mg/kg per day is well tolerated, easy to administer, and may represent an efficacious therapy for gram-positive-bacterial endocarditis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Bacterial endocarditis in a patient with mitral valve prolapse.

Bacterial endocarditis developed following dental manipulation in a child with mitral valve prolapse. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for patients with this cardiac abnormality who undergo procedures that may be associated with bacteremia.

Adolescent↗