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PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of sunburn and skin cancer risk of outpatients in a dermatology polyclinic.

Public health experts and medical professionals continue to issue warnings to people about the dangers of ultraviolet (UV) radiation fromthe sun, tanning beds, and sun lamps. Skin cancer is more common than any other type of cancer and exposure to sun is known to contribute to all three major types, namely, basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma. While skin cancer has been associated with sunburn, moderate tanning may also exert an influence. Seven steps to safer sunning are avoiding the sun, using a sunscreen, wearing a hat, wearing sunglasses, covering up, avoiding artificial tanning, and checking skin regularly. The present study was performed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and risk factors of individuals concerning skin cancer. A descriptive survey was conducted among 475 patients randomly selected from the Dermatology Polyclinic of Ege University. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate their knowledge about skin cancer. A total of 297 female and 178 male participants were questioned, with a mean age of 32.48 +15.12. Some 36.8% had skin type II and 39.8% type III. The most common hair and eye color were brown, respectively at 56.0% and 58.7%. 79.8% had a mole(s), 19.2% had birthmark. A total of 8 of the 475 participants consulted for sunburns (1.7%). Glasses were the most popular preventive behaviour (28.8%). A total of 56 of the 475 outpatients questioned did not use any protective measure. Individuals need to be better educated on the dangers of the sun and sun protection as well as skin cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Injuries from ultimate frisbee.

OBJECTIVE: This paper will explore ultimate frisbee injuries. METHOD: This study uses an anonymous, retrospective, self-reported survey of 135 adult athletes at a Midwestern ultimate frisbee tournament. Subjects were queried regarding injuries to specific body parts, those causing missed activity, recurring injuries, medical care sought, basic demographic data, duration of participation, handedness, and eye color. Categorical data were analyzed by chi-square tests. Qualitative responses were categorized by themes. RESULTS: Respondents had a mean age of 28 years and 59% were male. Mean playing time was 8.2 hours per week and 7.5 total years. Ultimate frisbee injuries included muscle strains (76% of subjects), ankle (65%), knee (53%), shoulder (37%), head (30%), and rib (21%) injuries. Blisters/calluses and black toenails were frequently mentioned. Recurrent injuries were reported in 49%. Shoulder injuries were more common in men than women (47% versus 24%, P<0.02). Of respondents, 88% have missed ultimate frisbee activity due to injury, and 71% have sought medical care for ultimate frisbee injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of surveyed ultimate frisbee players experience injuries and seek medical care. Health care professionals should be aware of the injuries associated with ultimate frisbee and further studies should focus on prevention and education strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Uveal melanoma, hormonal and reproductive factors in women.

In a case-control study, we explored a potential association between uveal melanoma and reproductive factors in women. Responses from telephone interviews of 186 women diagnosed with uveal melanoma were compared with responses of 423 women without this disease. All women resided in 11 U.S. western states. We observed a decreased risk of uveal melanoma for women who had ever been pregnant [relative risk (RR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.37 -0.95], with an increase in this protective effect with more live births after adjustment for age, menopausal status, eye color, and skin sensitivity to the sun (1-2 births, RR = 0.47,95% CI 0.29-0.78; 3-4 births, RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.22-0.64; 5 or more births, RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15-0.71). The largest effect was observed between nulliparous and parous women. No other reproductive factors, including use of oral contraceptives or postmenopausal estrogens, were shown to be related to risk for uveal melanoma. We conclude that most reproductive factors in this population play little or no role in the etiology of uveal melanoma. The association with number of live births must be confirmed in other studies to assure that it is unrelated to confounding factors not measured in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Dysplastic nevi as risk markers of sporadic (nonfamilial) melanoma. A case-control study.

The melanoma risk associated with dysplastic nevi outside the context of familial melanoma was studied by the case-control method. One hundred five newly diagnosed incident melanoma cases with negative family histories for familial melanoma and 181 controls (frequency matched for race, age, and sex) were studied by personal interview and cutaneous examination. The prevalence of dysplastic nevi was 41 (39%) of 105 in the cases and 13 (7%) of 181 in the controls. The odds ratio for dysplastic nevi by multiple logistic regression analysis simultaneously correcting for age, sex, eye color, hair color, actinic damage, freckles, and total number of nondysplastic nevi was 6.8 (95% confidence interval, 2.7, 16.9). This study supports the significance of dysplastic nevi as markers of increased risk for nonfamilial melanoma.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of a clinical sign in predicting iron deficiency in women: the blue sclera].

The purpose of this study was to calculate the predictive value (PV) of blue sclera (BS) in iron deficiency in women. The presence of this clinical sign was evaluated in 498 female patients at an urban primary care centre. Three observers independently evaluated the existence of BS on a scale of 0 to 3 in all female patients visited over a period of 35 weeks. Twenty eight cases of BS were detected over this period, of which 16 had ferropenia and 21 had anemia or iron deficiency. The positive predictive value of the clinical sign was 57.14%, 95% within the confidence interval of 52.77-61.51. The presence of BS was not affected by age or eye color. BS appears to be a good indicator of iron deficiency in our medium and, if confirmed by other studies, should be considered in the every-day clinical examination.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Aqueous flare measurement with laser flare-cell meter.

The laser flare-cell meter is a newly developed instrument designed to measure anterior chamber protein concentration in vivo. There was a linear relationship between photon count measured with this instrument and the concentration of bovine serum albumin. Measurements were taken in 29 eyes of normal subjects divided into two groups. Group 1 (15 eyes) had brown or dark irises and Group 2 (14 eyes) had blue or green irises. Photon counts obtained from Groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different. Aqueous protein concentrations estimated from standard curves were 15.7 and 18.6 mg/100 ml for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. On the other hand, the background value obtained from Group 2 was about twice the value from Group 1. These results indicate that background scattering has little effect on photon count. There was a good correlation between photon counts measured with the laser flare-cell meter and the evaluation of flare made by conventional microscopic observations. It was concluded that this instrument will be useful for clinical research studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Alternobaric vertigo in professional divers.

The present investigation was part of a project performed to detect possible effects of diving on the cochleovestibular system. A group of 194 professional divers were interviewed, examined otologically, and their hearing was tested audiometrically. Caloric vestibular tests were performed in 48 subjects. The interview reviewed age, diving experience, previous ear disease or injury, head trauma, noise exposure during diving and during spare-time activities, eye color, tobacco habits, and the occurrence of vertigo during diving. Useful information regarding vertigo was obtained from 193. Of the 76 (39%) who had experienced vertigo, 64 (33%) were classified as alternobaric vertigo (AV), a type of vertigo caused by asymmetric middle ear pressure. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to detect variables contributing to the presence of AV. Variables having a statistically significant association with AV were previous barotrauma of the ear (P less than 0.05) and noise exposure during diving (less than 0.05). AV was most frequently encountered when diving during a common cold. In this sample of divers, AV did not lead to any serious or critical situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Saturn's ring].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ocular manifestations of the Chédiak-Higashi syndrome in four species of animals.

Ocular examinations were performed on cattle, cats, mink, and mice affected with Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS). Bovine eyes were examined grossly and with an indirect ophthalmoscope, and Schirmer tear tests were performed. Feline eyes were examined grossly as well as with an indirect opthalmoscope and a slit lamp biomicroscope, and Schirmer tear tests were done on them. Postrotatory nystagmus was induced and measured in clinically normal Siamese cats, in clinically normal Persian and domestic short-haired cats, and in cats with CHS. Mink and mouse eyes were examined grossly with focal illumination. The animals with CHS had photophobia, pale irises, and fundic hypopigmentation associated with red fundic light reflections. Cats with CHS also had cataracts. Spontaneous nystagmus was observed in four of nine cats with CHS, and the duration of induced nystagmus was longer in the cats with CHS and in Siamese cats than in clinically normal cats that were not Siamese. Tear secretion appeared to be normal in all species of animals with CHS. The ocular manifestations of CHS in these animals were compared with those reported in man and were found to be similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cosmetic contact lenses in the care of the child.

As their name implies, cosmetic contact lenses are used to hide or cover blemishes or disfigurements of the iris, cornea, or sclera. A wide variety of options are available to the optometrist in attempting to aid a child with an ocular disfigurement. The customized artist-painted scleral shell is ideal in many cases, but a surprising number of defects can be adequately camouflaged with corneal lenses presently available from laboratories. The future use of cosmetic soft lenses is promising, and since many conditions involving the need for optical correction are capable of provoking future visual disorders, infants today can look forward to better vision when a cosmetic contact lens is fitted early in life.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Contact lenses in the case of the very young child.

Many hereditary congenital and infectious ocular conditions affecting young infants and children if diagnosed early enough are no longer untreatable. Special contact lenses are now available and have been specifically developed to prevent blindness, amblyopia and establish binocular vision. Different types of contact lenses and materials from which they may be fashioned are discussed and clinical considerations outlined for treatment. Visual rehabilitation of a high order is possible with proper understanding of the particular problems affecting babies at birth, later and in early infancy.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1983

Differential induction of altered gene expression by carcinogens at mutant alleles of a Drosophila locus with a transposable element.

Alterations in gene expression by carcinogens were analyzed on three unstable alleles of the white (w+) locus of Drosophilia melanogaster: white-crimson (wc); white-ivory 16 (wi16); and white-unstable 11 (wu11). Two of these alleles (wi16 and wu11) were spontaneous mutant derivatives of wc, which is known to harbor a transposable element. The compounds studied were dimethylnitrosamine, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and aflatoxin B1. These carcinogens were topically applied on the early larval stages, and the genetic effects assayed were the alterations in eye color either to wild-type (w+) or to other w mutants, initiated both somatically and germinally, as well as the simultaneously induced X-chromosome recessive mutations. The tested compounds influenced the different unstable w alleles in a highly selective manner, both as a function of the inducing agent and the organization of the genome in the target cells. The same treatments raised the somatic reversions to w+ above the corresponding controls for wc and wi16, but not for wu11, whereas the simultaneous induction of other w mutant phenotypes occurred appreciably only with wc. Furthermore, these treatments gave high and variable somatic reversions to w+ with wi16, whereas the simultaneously induced germinal events were uniformly very low. The frequencies of altered expression at the unstable test loci, whether in the soma or germ line, were quantitatively uncorrelated with the mutagenic effects of the treatments in terms of the yield of X-chromosome recessive mutations assayed in the progeny of males emerging from the same treated larvae. There was also an association between the time of the induction of these alterations by the tested carcinogens in the soma and the cellular stage in genomic differentiation. Reversions to w+ were induced preferentially after the onset of genetic determination, whereas changes to the w mutant phenotypes occurred predominantly during the predetermination phases. The genetic properties of transposable elements and the manner of their response to carcinogens supported the hypothesis that nonviral cancer might arise from molecular processes similar to those involved in the evolution of retroviruses.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1984

Enzymatic conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to the pyrimidodiazepine intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of the drosopterins in Drosophila melanogaster.

The compound 2-amino-4-oxo-6-acetyl-7,8-dihydro-3H,9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]-[1,4]diazepine (pyrimidodiazepine or PDA, for short) is a precursor of the red eye pigments called the drosopterins in Drosophila melanogaster. The precursor of PDA is 2-amino-4-oxo-6-(D-erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydrop teridine triphosphate (dihydroneopterin triphosphate or H2-NTP). The synthesis of of PDA from H2-NTP requires reduced glutathione, another thiol such as 2-mercaptoethanol, Mg2+, and at least three enzymes: one that is missing in the eye color mutant, sepia; one that is present only in limited quantities in the mutant, clot; and a third one that has been described as sepiapterin synthase A. The last enzyme is present only in relatively small quantities in the mutant, purple. Because PDA is two electrons more reduced than H2-NTP, it would appear that the reducing power needed for this transformation is probably supplied by glutathione. Oxidized glutathione cannot replace reduced glutathione in the system. The yield of PDA produced enzymatically from H2-NTP can be as high as 40% under optimal conditions.

Animals↗