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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

An extendable modular endoprosthetic system for bone tumour management in the leg.

A modular endoprosthetic system has been developed at the Groningen University Hospital and the University of Twente. The system can bridge a defect resulting from the resection of a malignant bone tumour which has developed around the knee joint of a child. Since the other healthy leg continues to grow, the system includes an element whose length can be adjusted non-invasively by using an external magnetic field. In addition to this lengthening element, there are one hip and two knee components, connectors of various lengths, and fixation elements. The paper describes the elements of the modular endoprosthetic system. Tables are created by means of which the elemental composition of such an endoprosthesis can be determined for each individual patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of osteoid osteoma.

Computed tomography revealed a radiolucent nidus with a surrounding zone of osteosclerosis in 17 patients with osteoid osteoma. Plain films did not reveal any abnormality in 5 patients. Conventional tomography was negative in 3 patients. Computed tomography is the modality of choice for detection of osteoid osteoma when the lesion is deep-seated or when it occurs in complex anatomic regions with curvilinear and overlapping surfaces, such as acetabulum, knee, and spine.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1985

Microphotometric quantitation of enzyme activities in giant cell tumor of bone. A case study.

In a proliferating giant cell tumor of bone the activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (acPase) and of NADH-tetrazolium reductase were demonstrated by enzyme histochemical methods. Quantitative microphotometry made it possible to determine the relative enzyme activities per given volume unit in the cytoplasm of giant cells of several sizes. The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increases with increasing cell size, whereas the activity of tetrazolium reductase will decrease in proportion. This coincidence of high acPase activity and low tetrazolium reductase activity in larger giant cells is interpreted as an expression of degenerative change.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Low-grade chondrosarcomas: a difficult target for radionuclide imaging. Case report and review of the literature.

Bone scan with Tc-99m (technetium) diphosphonate is sensitive, but non-specific for musculoskeletal tumors. Tl-201 (thallium), Tc-99m-sestamibi, Tc-99m-tetrofosmin, and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) can visualize tumors more specifically and are therefore useful in orthopedic oncology. However, cartilaginous tumors are characterized by histological and biological features, which potentially impair specific radionuclide imaging. A case of a patient with a low-grade primary chondrosarcoma of the femur and a false negative Tl-201 scan is presented. Tc-99m-based tumor-localizing compounds (sestamibi, tetrofosmin), as well as metabolic and receptor-imaging radiopharmaceuticals have also been reported to fail in low-grade chondrosarcomas imaging. Low cellularity, mitochondrial specialization and the presence of an efflux membrane pump may contribute to poor imaging. A negative Tl-201 or Tc-99m-sestamibi scan should be interpreted with caution, when the possibility of a chondrosarcoma is not negligible.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[KMFTR (Kotz Modular Femur Tibia Reconstruction System) modular tumor endoprosthesis system for the lower extremity].

206 patients with tumorendoprosteses of the KMFTR-type at the lower extremity were operated at the Institute Rizolli Bologna and at the University Clinic of Vienna. The minimum follow up was 2 years (mean 3.2, max. 8 years). In order to bridge the defect caused by tumor resection the proximal femur was replaced in 42 cases, the distal femur in 119 cases and in 6 patients a total femur prosthesis was used. The proximal tibia was replaced in 35 cases and in 4 cases a total knee prosthesis was implanted. Clinical evaluation according to Enneking revealed 71.6% excellent and good results. In 83.4% the radiological score was higher then 20. We saw deep infections in 8.2% (17 patients), breakage of the prosthesis in 6.8% and aseptic loosening in 5.8%. 3 patients had to be amputated due to infection. In the remaining cases of infection in 66% of the patients healing was observed. All cases of aseptic loosening or breakage could be revised successfully by an exchange of the prostheses and therefore salvage of the leg was achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Muscle function of the thigh 10 years following a malignant bone tumor and implantation of a tumor prosthesis in the knee].

To objectify the muscle function of 5 patients ten years after implantation of a tumor endoprosthesis of the knee simultaneous muscle force and IEMG was recorded. The muscular activity in the operated leg was found to be reduced for the extension muscles (8-20%) and for the flexion muscles (28-52%) when comparing to the normal leg. Knee extension of the operated leg resulted from the function of the rectus femoris muscle. During normal exercise in daily life all patients were not handicapped und some of them did sport.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of intramedullary extension of osteosarcomas using CT with special reference to the epiphyseal groove].

In a study of 21 patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the apendicular skeleton proven by biopsy, the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) for the assessment of intramedullary tumor growth, epiphyseal and joint involvement was determined. CT findings were correlated with histopathologic findings. 10 of the 21 tumors were located far from the epiphysis, in 11 cases the epiphysis was infiltrated. Tumorous involvement of the articular cartilage occurred in 3 patients, in one case the tumor extended beyond the joint. In 85% of the cases the CT report concerning tumor location in regard to the epiphysis was verified histologically. In 3 cases CT overestimated tumor extension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Radiological diagnosis of intraosseous lipoma].

Intraosseous lipomas exhibit a very characteristic radiological appearance. Diagnosis can be derived exclusively from x-ray examinations if a sharply defined cystic lesion with dense central sclerosis and fat-equivalent CT values is detected. When the latter criterion is not markedly pronounced the occurrence of a lipoma-derived, e.g. myxomatous, process can be discussed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor progression in a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.

In this case of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, we searched for genetic or epigenetic alterations in both components of the tumor, the low grade chondroblastic component, and the high grade osteosacomatouscomponent. To date, only little is known about aberrant patterns of DNA methylation in chondrosarcomas. Microdissection was used as a valuable method for clearly separating the tissues. We examined CpG island methylation of 8 tumor suppressor genes and candidate tumor suppressor genes, which are involved in different pathways: cell cycle (p21WAF1, p16INK4, p14ARF), apoptosis (DAPK, FHIT), DNA repair (hMLH1), and cell adherence (E-Cadherin). We found p16INK4 and E-cadherin promotor methylation in the low grade chondroid compartment of the dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. P16INK4, FHIT, and E-cadherin were methylated in the highly malignant osteosarcomatous compartment of the tumor. Earlier investigations of this chondrosarcoma showed p53 mutation and p53-LOH in the anaplastic component. As shown in this case, it was accompanied by Rb-LOH. Early methylation of p16IK4 and E-cadherin in the chondroid compartment could point to the monoclonal origin of demonstrated dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Further alterations, as shown in p53, Rb and FHIT, are responsible for the "switch" to a high grade anaplastic sarcoma.

Cadherins↗
PubMed1987

Technetium-99m labeled red blood cells in the evaluation of hemangiosarcoma.

Imaging with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells (RBC) is increasingly being used in the detection of acute gastro-intestinal bleeding, especially in patients with intermittent bleeding. A patient is presented in whom the labeled RBC scan was helpful in the incidental discovery of a previously unsuspected probable angiosarcoma of the right femur and adjacent soft tissues of the right hip due to the "blood pool" or "blush effect" of the labeled cells. The labeled RBC scan also identified extravasation due to active gastrointestinal bleeding from a previously unknown angiosarcoma of the ascending colon. Thus, the Tc-99m labeled RBC scan was useful in simultaneously detecting extravasation and blood pool effect at two remote tumor sites in the same patient.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Prognosis of osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases at initial presentation is not dismal.

Prognosis of osteosarcoma has been improved markedly with the introduction of effective, intensive chemotherapy. However, there are many reports that indicate that the prognosis of osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases at the initial presentation is poor. One hundred seventeen patients with osteosarcoma involving the extremities were treated at the Chiba Cancer Center from 1976 to 1995. Of these, nine (7.6%) patients had pulmonary metastases at initial presentation; these nine patients are the subjects of this article. There was an average of 0.9 pulmonary metastatic lesions at initial presentation seen on plain chest radiographs, an average 2.9 lesions seen on computed tomograms of the chest, and an average 12.7 lesions found at thoracotomy in these nine patients. The pulmonary metastatic lesions that could not be detected by computed tomography of the chest were resected by thoracotomy. Three patients died, and six patients are alive, with the 5-year survival being 64.8%. Intensive chemotherapy and aggressive surgical therapy were done for these patients with osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases at initial presentation, and it is thought that this improved the prognosis of these patients. Pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma at initial presentation do not always indicate a hopeless prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Long-term followup of uncemented tumor endoprostheses for the lower extremity.

Between 1982 and 1989, 100 primary lower limb reconstructions were done using the Kotz Modular Femur Tibia Reconstruction System after resection of a malignant tumor. In 32 patients a proximal femur prosthesis was implanted, in 40 patients a distal femur prosthesis was implanted, in 19 patients a proximal tibia component was implanted, in four patients a total femur prosthesis was implanted, and in five patients a total knee prosthesis was implanted. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the overall survival rate of the prostheses was 85% after 3 years, 79% after 5 years, and 71% after 10 years. The most common reason for implant failure was aseptic loosening in 27% of patients (11 patients; range, 10-121 months) after the initial operation. The other reasons for revision surgery were implant fracture (n 5 4) and infection (n 5 4). Early repair of prostheses-related minor complications, such as worn polyethylene bushings, resulted in a statistically significant reduction of implant failure. After a median followup of 127.5 months after the initial surgery, 51 patients had died and eight patients were lost to followup. Forty-one patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score and the radiologic implant evaluation system of the International Symposium on Limb Salvage; these 41 patients had a mean of 80% (range, 40%-100%) of the normal functional capability.

Adult↗