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PubMed1987

[Histometric studies of placental villi in Rh incompatibility].

The delay in maturation of placental terminal villi in cases of Rh-incompatibility has often been described. The terminal villi of sixteen placentas from pregnancies complicated by Rh-incompatibility histometric were studied. Twenty-two placentas of healthy mothers who had born healthy babies after normal pregnancies served as a control group. The severity of the Rh-incompatibility was classified according to the clinical histories of the newborns and the criteria of Liley. The average area of a cross-section of a terminal villus was 3402 microns 2 (control group 2150 micronsoff; the degree of vascularization was calculated to be 6.5% (control group 30.5%). The other villous parameters measured or calculated show that maturation of the placenta is extremely retarded in cases of Rh-incompatibility. This failure in differentiation can not be compensated for by an enlargement of the organ as a whole. It was shown that the changes in the placental villi are closely correlated to the severity of the fetal disease.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2003

[Restoration of brain function by cell transplantation].

The first trial of restoring brain functions with cell grafting was performed in 1979 using a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Fetal nigral tissue was demonstrated to survive grafted tissue and to repair motor dysfunction in the model rat. The encouraging results indicate that cell transplantation may be useful to restore brain functions in neurodegenerative disorders in which a certain type of neuronal populations is specifically damaged. This review article discussed the possibility of cell transplantation therapy in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed2004

Fetal cardiac anomalies and genetic syndromes.

Cardiac anomalies may occur in isolation or can be part of a genetic syndrome. In this article, we describe some of the genetic syndromes commonly associated with cardiac anomalies where there are other sonographic features that may aid accurate prenatal diagnosis.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2001

Changes in fetal heart rate pattern after intrauterine paracentesis in one twin with meconium peritonitis.

We report a case of in utero paracentesis of ascites in a fetus with meconium peritonitis due to volvulus at 34 weeks which resulted in the correction of an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern and enabled vaginal delivery by preventing abdominal dystocia. The intrauterine intervention also helped to establish the diagnosis and potentially reduced the respiratory compromise after birth.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Is lung maturation related to fetal growth in diabetic or hypertensive pregnancies?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether infants sufficiently affected by maternal diabetes or hypertension to exhibit abnormal growth (macrosomia, growth retardation) would also display significant alteration in timing of pulmonary maturity (delay or acceleration, respectively). We studied 874 consecutive women with fetal pulmonary maturity testing prior to delivery. Patients were stratified by birth weight into fetal size categories (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA], large for gestational age [LGA]). Cases were compared based on maternal disease, fetal size categories and pulmonary maturity testing results. Pulmonary maturity rates based on both phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) did not differ between term LGA infants of diabetic mothers (97%) and term LGA (80%) or AGA (97%) infants of non-diabetic, non-hypertensive mothers. When compared based on PG alone, there was no difference between the rate of positive PG in term AGA infants of non-hypertensive, non-diabetic mothers (75%) and that seen in the other pregnancy groups (33-80%). Breakdown by gestational age revealed no significant differences in maturity rates between the study groups. Macrosomic diabetic infants and growth-retarded hypertensive infants are no different from controls in their timing of fetal pulmonary maturation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Reassessment of the utility of fetal umbilical vein diameter in the management of isoimmunization.

High-resolution ultrasound has been recently introduced in the management of many conditions in which the fetus is at risk. In the detection of severe erythroblastosis fetalis, sonographic evaluation of fetal anatomic changes is being used in association with amniotic fluid spectral analysis to assess the degree of the hemolytic process. In 1981 it was reported that sonographically detected umbilical vein dilatation, resulting from hepatic congestion, could be used as a sign of impending fetal compromise. We analyzed data obtained from 47 patients in a total of 76 examinations, including sonographic measurement of umbilical vein diameter, associated ultrasound findings, results of amniotic fluid spectral analyses, and neonatal outcome. The collected data, divided in two groups according to the results of amniotic fluid spectral analyses (less than high zone II and greater than or equal to high zone II), showed that the sonographic measurement of umbilical vein diameter does not differ significantly between the two groups (p greater than 0.05). Therefore, the present and relatively large series demonstrates that dimensions of the umbilical vein cannot be used as a reliable predictor of worsening fetal disease.

Erythroblastosis, Fetal↗
PubMed1998

Borderline findings in fetal cardiac sonography.

Borderline or equivocal sonographic findings in the fetal heart are occasionally encountered. Echogenic foci in the ventricles, small pericardial effusions, and mild discrepancy in ventricular size are three such problematic findings. The significance of each of these findings, as currently understood, will be discussed in this article.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal serologic screening for toxoplasmosis.

Congenital toxoplasmosis is a rare, but potentially serious, problem during pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis is caused by a protozoal parasite that can be found in warm-blooded animals (including humans); dried cat feces, contaminated soil, or contaminated water; and raw or undercooked meat containing infective tissue cysts. Although cats play a role in the epidemiology of the disease, there is no statistical correlation between toxoplasmosis infection and cat ownership. Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted to the fetus in utero through transplacental transmission. Both the incidence of placental transmission and severity of congenital disease depend on gestational age at which maternal seroconversion occurs. Although transmission rates from mother to fetus tend to be low early in pregnancy, fetal disease severity is highest when the fetus is infected early in gestation. Serological tests to determine maternal seroconversion are available, but their use can pose ethical and practical dilemmas. Universal maternal screening is not currently warranted in the United States because disease prevalence is low.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The fetal biophysical profile in pregnancies with grade III placentas.

The components of the fetal biophysical profile of pregnancies with grade III placentas and good outcome were retrospectively analyzed and compared to the fetal biophysical components of pregnancies with grade 0 to II placentas. The results of the present study suggest that the dynamic components of the fetal biophysical profile (nonstress test, fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone) are not altered in the presence of a grade III placenta and good pregnancy outcome; however, a greater incidence of reduced amniotic fluid volume was found in the presence of grade III placenta. The clinical significance of grade III placenta is discussed.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Cordocentesis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anemia↗
PubMed1990

Can acetaminophen excess result in maternal and fetal toxicity?

This is the third case reported of maternal acetaminophen overdose during pregnancy. Such overdose may be associated with maternal liver toxicity. Fetal hepatotoxicity may be seen in association with maternal hepatotoxicity. As a result, the infant's blood coagulation times may be prolonged, and intracranial hemorrhage at delivery is a concern. Our case shows such a complication after chronic exposure to acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1992

Fetal therapy, ethics and public policies.

This article reviews the evolution of ethical problems in the first generation of experimental fetal therapy and the prevailing approaches to them. The problems include: review of risks/benefits, case selection, informed consent, twin pregnancies, and refusal of proven fetal therapy. The article further discusses ethical and public policy issues in the lack of U.S. federal support for fetal diagnosis, fetal therapy, and human embryo research. An argument is made for such support, beginning with experimental gene therapy in the fetus. Ethical principles are identified that support an obligation to learn to relieve and treat such human suffering at the earliest time. Contradictions of these principles are also identified in terms of research not now supported.

Aborted Fetus↗