SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Immunity, Humoral”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Sarcoidosis and common variable immunodeficiency. A case of a malignant course of sarcoidosis in conjunction with severe impairment of the cellular and humoral immune system.

The occurrence of sarcoidosis in combination with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has been described in a small number of patients. In these patients, sarcoidosis consisted of lymphadenopathy, mild to moderate pulmonary involvement and hepatosplenomegaly. However, severe and rapidly progressive pulmonary fibrosis in combination with a severe defect of the cellular and humoral immune system has not been described yet. In our patient, defects of the T and B cell system resulted in severe immunodeficiency. The defect of the humoral immune system was characterized by the impairment of specific antibody production in vivo. In addition, hypogammaglobulinemia with missing IgA and IgE along with a marked defect in IgM and IgG production was noted. There was a progressively reduced lymphocyte proliferation in response to T cell mitogens, while proliferation after specific IL-2 stimulation was normal. A Th1 lymphocyte-subset-like profile might thus play a role in the pathogenesis and might form the connecting link between sarcoidosis and CVID. This is the report of a so far new and unique combination of severe immunodeficiency and sarcoidosis also associated with a congenital dysmorphia consisting of a palatal cleft. The findings of the 40 patients with CVID and sarcoidosis reported so far are discussed in order to point out the typical features of patients with this uncommon syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Correlation between the ability of tumor cells to resist humoral immune attack and their ability to synthesize lipid.

Agents that increase (certain metabolic inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, and x-irradiation), decrease (hormones), or have no effect (hyperthermia) on the susceptibility of line-1 and line-10 guinea pig hepatoma cells to humoral immune attack were studied for their effects on the ability of these tumor cells to synthesize macromolecules. A correlation was found between the drug-induced increase in sensitivity of these cells to antibody-C mediated killing and the loss of their ability to incorporate fatty acids into complex cellular lipids. Similarly, the hormone-induced increase in resistance of the cells to killing was accompanied by an enhancement in complex lipid synthesis by these cells was also observed after the cells were exposed to physical means of insult (x-irradiation or hyperthermia). No correlation was found between the sensitivity of the cells to antibody-C mediated killing and their ability to synthesize DNA, RNA, protein, or complex carbohydrate, or their capacity for de novo lipid synthesis as measured by incorporation of acetate and glycerol into cellular macromolecules. The assembly of free fatty acids into complex lipid moieties is therefore proposed to be of fundamental importance for the ability of the tumor cells to resist humoral immune killing.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Synergistic effects of synthetic adjuvants on the humoral immune response.

The effect of combinations of adjuvants on the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as antigen was investigated. Adjuvants belonging to two categories differing in physicochemical properties were used: surfactants (N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'-bis-(2-hydroyethyl)propanediamine (CP-20,961), dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), neutrally charged liposomes, polyol (L 101 and L 121) and polyanions [dextran sulfate (DXS), liquoid and suramine]. All adjuvants but suramine augmented humoral responses to 2 X 10(7) SRBC measured by the number of direct anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen. The response to 2 X 10(6) SRBC was enhanced considerably by L 121 and DXS but hardly or not at all by the other adjuvants. Combinations of two adjuvants were made at distinct ratios (1:3, 2:2, and 3:1) and injected intraperitoneally with 2 X 10(6) SRBC. Low responses (5 X 10(3) PFC per spleen) were induced by combinations of liquoid or suramine with DDA or DXS, and by combinations of CP-20,961, liposomes, L 101 or L 121 with DDA. Combinations of the surfactants DDA, CP-20,961, liposomes, L 101 or L 121 with DXS evoked responses which were significantly higher than the sum of responses supported by the single adjuvants. Ratios of 1:3 or 2:2 (surfactant: DXS) resulted in the most effective combinations. The data obtained suggest that only adjuvants derived from two different physicochemical groups are able to act synergistically.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2006

Humoral immune responses induced by anti-idiotypic antibody fusion protein of 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF in BALB/c mice.

BACKGROUND: We have previously developed and characterized a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody, designated 6B11, which mimics an ovarian carcinoma associated antigen OC166 - 9 and whose corresponding monoclonal antibody is COC166 - 9 (Ab1). In this study, we evaluate the humoral immune responses induced by the fusion protein 6B11 single-chain variable fragment (scFv)/human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) and 6B11scFv in BALB/c mice. METHODS: The fusion protein 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF was constructed by fusing a recombinant single-chain variable fragment of 6B11scFv to GM-CSF. BALB/c mice were administrated by 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF and 6B11scFv, respectively. RESULTS: The fusion protein 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF retained binding to the anti-mouse F (ab) 2' and was also biologically active as measured by proliferation of human GM-CSF dependent cell TF1 in vitro. After immunization with the 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF and 6B11ScFv, BALB/c mice showed significantly enhanced Ab3 antibody responses to 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF compared with the 6B11scFv alone. The level of Ab3 was the highest after the first week and maintained for five weeks after the last immunization. Another booster was given when the Ab3 titer descended, and it would reach to the high level in a week. CONCLUSION: The fusion protein 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF can induce humoral immunity against ovarian carcinoma in vivo. We also provide the theoretical foundation for the application of the fusion protein 6B11scFv/hGM-CSF for active immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[The value of humoral immune phenomena in children and adolescents with circumscribed scleroderma].

Sera taken from 35 children and teen-agers with different clinic variants of the circumscribed scleroderma were investigated for the presence of FANA, anti-DNA-, anti-DNP-, anti-ENA-(extractable nuclear antigens)-, and anti-Ro/SSA-antibodies. In 85.7% of the patients, humoral immune phenomena were ascertainable. Whereas FANA above all in patients with clinically rapidly progredient running linear form (71%) were present, anti-dsDNA- and anti-DNP-antibodies may be worth as hint upon a visceral manifestation. Therefore, they may be valid as leading antibodies for a subset of the circumscribed scleroderma, which is being designated by extracutaneous participation and the skin mostly exhibit a linear variant. The frequency of the evidence of the characteristic immune phenomena in patients with circumscribed scleroderma, which are typically in systemic lupus erythematosus, is considered as hint to the immune pathogenesis of the disease. The functional defects of the kidneys, catched with the isotope-clearance refer to a possible systemic character of the disease-process. Humoral immune phenomena are suitable for differentiation of the cutaneous and extracutaneous progress forms, in which high titer of FANA with homogeneous pattern of fluorescence, anti-dsDNA- and anti-DNP-antibodies have a special importance. Compared to it anti-ssDNA-antibodies and anti-Ro/SSA-antibodies characterize the high degree of activity of cutaneous and extracutaneous progress forms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Intimal thickening develops without humoral immunity in a mouse aortic allograft model of chronic vascular rejection.

BACKGROUND: The major threat to the long-term survival of cardiac allograft recipients is the development of diffuse intimal thickening in the allograft coronary arteries through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Although antidonor antibodies have been associated with the development of this condition, a causal relationship has not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine whether humoral immune responses are necessary for the development of graft vascular disease, we performed abdominal aortic allografts from normal donor mice into different immunodeficient recipient mice: those lacking all donor-specific immune responses (severe combined immunodeficient [SCID] mice and recombination activating gene-1 [RAG-1]-deficient mice) and those lacking humoral immune responses alone owing to a targeted deletion of the joining region (JH) gene segments for the immunoglobulin heavy chain. At 6 to 9 weeks after transplantation, aortic allografts in normal immunocompetent recipients showed concentric intimal thickening extending the full length of the graft (percent luminal reduction, [%LR], 31.2 +/- 9.1 [mean +/- SD] and 38.5 +/- 3.6 in different donor-recipient strain combinations). In contrast, syngeneic (histocompatible) aortic grafts showed a normal-appearing vessel wall (%LR, 1.6 +/- 0.7). In both SCID and RAG-1-deficient recipients, aortic allografts showed a virtual absence of neointimal formation (%LR, 3.7 +/- 2.1 and 3.8 +/- 1.6 in SCID and RAG-1-deficient recipients, respectively), indicating a critical etiological role for alloimmune responses in this model. Importantly, allografts in JH-deficient mice showed marked intimal thickening (%LR, 35.7 +/- 7.9), with an appearance histologically indistinguishable from that of normal immunocompetent recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Neointimal formation in graft vascular disease is critically dependent on alloimmune responses of the host. Humoral effector mechanisms, however, may not be required.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Heat shock protein 70/MAGE-3 fusion protein vaccine can enhance cellular and humoral immune responses to MAGE-3 in vivo.

MAGE-3, a member of melanoma antigen (MAGE) gene family, is recognized as an ideal candidate for tumor vaccine because it is expressed in a significant proportion of tumors of various histological types and can induce antigen-specific immune response in vivo. There is now substantial evidence that heat shock proteins HSPs isolated from cancer cells and virus-infected cells can be used as vaccines to produce cancer-specific or virus-specific immunity. In this research, we investigated whether M. tuberculosis HSP70 can be used as vehicle to elicit immune response to its accompanying MAGE-3 protein. A recombinant protein expression vector was constructed that permitted the production of fusion protein linking amino acids 195-314 of MAGE-3 to the C terminus of HSP70. We found that HSP70-MAGE-3 fusion protein can elicit stronger cellular and humoral immune responses against MAGE-3 expressing murine tumor than those elicited by MAGE-3 protein in vivo, which resulted in potent antitumor immunity against MAGE-3-expressing tumors. Covalent linkage of HSP70 to MAGE-3 was necessary to elicit immune response to MAGE-3. These results indicate that linkage of HSP70 to MAGE-3 enhanced immune responses to MAGE-3 in vivo and HSP70 can be exploited to enhance the cellular and humoral immune responses against any attached tumor-specific antigens.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Cellular and humoral immune responses to vascular components in thromboangiitis obliterans.

Cellular and humoral immune responses to vascular components were studied in 10 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), including 3 in the mild stage of the disease and 7 in the active or severe stage. In this study the authors used the following vascular components: collagen Types I, III, IV, and V; elastin; and laminin. The cell-mediate reactivity (CMR) to these proteins was measured with an antigen-specific proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells and evaluated by the stimulation index (SI), which is the ratio of thymidine incorporation in the presence and in the absence of antigen. The humoral immunologic response (HIR) to these vascular components was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and evaluated by the optical density (OD) index, which is the ratio of optical density (OD) in the patients' serum to that in the healthy male controls' serum. The stimulation index of collagen Types I and IV was significantly higher in patients with TAO than in healthy controls (p < 0.02). CMR to collagen Type V, elastin, and laminin was high in patients with active or severe TAO as well. However, similar statistical differences in mild TAO did not exist in the CMR. The OD index in collagen Types I, IV, and V was statistically higher in the patients than in the healthy controls (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Attenuation of apoptosis underlies B lymphocyte stimulator enhancement of humoral immune response.

B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a newly identified monocyte-specific TNF family cytokine. It has been implicated in the development of autoimmunity, and functions as a potent costimulator with antiimmunoglobulin M in B cell proliferation in vitro. Here we demonstrate that BLyS prominently enhances the humoral responses to both T cell-independent and T cell-dependent antigens, primarily by attenuation of apoptosis as evidenced by the prolonged survival of antigen-activated B cells in vivo and in vitro. BLyS acts on primary splenic B cells autonomously, and directly cooperates with CD40 ligand (CD40L) in B cell activation in vitro by protecting replicating B cells from apoptosis. Moreover, although BLyS alone cannot activate the cell cycle, it is sufficient to prolong the survival of naive resting B cells in vitro. Attenuation of apoptosis by BLyS correlates with changes in the ratios between Bcl-2 family proteins in favor of cell survival, predominantly by reducing the proapoptotic Bak and increasing its prosurvival partners, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. In either resting or CD40L-activated B cells, the NF-kappaB transcription factors RelB and p50 are specifically activated, suggesting that they may mediate BLyS signals for B cell survival. Together, these results provide direct evidence for BLyS enhancement of both T cell-independent and T cell-dependent humoral immune responses, and imply a role for BLyS in the conservation of the B cell repertoire. The ability of BLyS to increase B cell survival indiscriminately, at either a resting or activated state, and to cooperate with CD40L, further suggests that attenuation of apoptosis underlies BLyS enhancement of polyclonal autoimmunity as well as the physiologic humoral immune response.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗

PubMed2006

Effects of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides on humoral immunity of chickens and antibody titres after vaccination with infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chicken.

Sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups (30 chickens in each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides (CIAMP) on the humoral immune response. Chickens of both groups were fed the same diet. In the treatment group chickens received drinking water supplemented with CIAMP (1 microg/ml) right after hatching. Samples of blood, bursa of Fabricus, spleen and intestine were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 17 of experiment. CIAMP supplementation enhanced the content of IgG and IgM in serum from day 4-10 and day 10-17, respectively, (p < 0.05), IgM-forming cells in bursa of Fabricus and spleen at the age of 7 days (p < 0.05) and IgG-forming cells in bursa of Fabricus at the age of 4 days (p < 0.05). In addition, CIAMP enhanced the IgA-forming cells in caecal tonsils diffuse area at day 4 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CIAMP enhanced the antibody response to infectious bursal disease virus vaccine (IBDV) in chickens 21 days following IBDV vaccine administration (p < 0.05). These results suggested that CIAMP could modulate the humoral immune response of chickens and increased the antibody titres of infectious bursal disease virus vaccine.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of disorders of cellular and humoral immunity parameters in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

Analysis of immunocompetent cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the determination of sICA-autoantibodies in their sera were performed by flow rate cytometry and compared to healthy donors and patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It was shown that newly diagnosed IDDM was characterized by predominant disturbances of humoral immunity, and disease progression was mainly accompanied by cellular immunity disturbances. Exogenous insulin was one of the causes of such disturbances. A tendency to normalization of cellular rather than humoral immunity was observed after the onset of human monocompetent therapy of IDDM patients. It is likely that the appearance in the peripheral blood of activated T-lymphocytes accompanied by sICA-autoantibodies and increased mature B-lymphocytes and NK-cells counts corresponds to increased ADCC against pancreatic beta cells in IDDM development.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Mucosal humoral immune response to Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenitis.

The humoral immune response to Helicobacter pylori infection in the duodenum has been investigated by short-term in vitro culture, ELISA, and immunoblotting techniques. H. pylori IgA secretion by duodenal bulb biopsies was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) in patients with duodenitis. The IgA response to H. pylori in patients with duodenitis was restricted to the first part of the duodenum; second part duodenal biopsies secreting significantly (P less than 0.001) less IgA during culture in vitro. H. pylori IgG antibody secretion by cultured biopsies was also significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in patients with duodenitis and those with gastric H. pylori infection but without duodenitis. Immunoblotting of duodenal bulb culture supernatants showed positive recognition by the mucosal IgA response of H. pylori antigens in the region of 120, 90, 61, and 31-26 kDa in patients with duodenitis. Serologically, such patients showed little evidence of IgA H. pylori antibodies by immunoblotting. These results demonstrate that the inflammatory response in the duodenal mucosa of patients with duodenitis represents a specific highly localized humoral response to H. pylori.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Lobular damage caused by cellular and humoral immunity in liver allograft rejection.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of acute liver allograft rejection (ALAR) is usually performed by the estimation of changes in portal areas. In this study, changes in the hepatic lobules were investigated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry, and compared with changes in the portal areas. Humoral immunity in ALAR was also studied by C4d-staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 35 biopsy specimens from 20 patients who had undergone living-related liver transplantation were included. Specimens had been graded as mild, moderate-to-severe acute rejection based on the Banff Schema. Changes in hepatic lobules were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining, an immunohistochemical study using anti-CD3 (T cells), anti-GMP-17 (cytotoxic cells), anti-CD68 (macrophages) and C4d, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. RESULTS: Changes in hepatic lobules consisted of the infiltration of mononuclear cells, swelling and necrosis of hepatocytes, and hemorrhages. The degree of these changes increased with the severity of ALAR. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that infiltrating cells included CD3+ T cells, GMP-17+ cytotoxic cells and CD68+ macrophages. The number of infiltrating cells increased with the severity of the ALAR. The TUNEL assay demonstrated apoptotic cells in ALAR and the number of apoptotic cells increased with the severity of the ALAR. In moderate-to-severe rejection, C4d depositions were observed in the hepatic sinusoids as well as the portal veins and hepatic arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the hepatic lobules were observed in ALAR and the severity increased with the severity of ALAR. Apoptosis was involved in the mechanism of cell death and humoral immunity plays a role in the mechanism of ALAR.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Humoral immune recognition of proteolipid protein (PLP)-specific encephalitogenic epitopes in the SJL/J mouse.

SJL/J mice were immunized with human PLP as well as encephalitogenic PLP peptides 139-151 and 178-191 and the resulting antibody responses examined for immunochemical specificity employing a panel of 17 synthetic PLP peptide ligands. All animals had demonstrable circulating titers of antibodies early in the humoral immune response to their respective encephalitogens, however, there was no clear qualitative correlation between antibody responses and the induction of EAE. In the majority of PLP immunized animals, determinant-specific antibody populations, including those against encephalitogenic centers, were not detectable in the presence of an anti-PLP antibody response. Antiencephalitogenic peptide antibodies were present in both 139-151 and 178-191 immunized animals regardless of clinical/histologic status. Neither group produced cross-reactive anti-PLP antibodies as detected by ELISA. In animals immunized with peptide 139-151, only anti-139-151 antibody specificities were noted. In contrast, all animals immunized with peptide 178-191 had an antibody population cross-reactive with three other PLP peptides: 97-110, 209-217, and 215-228. As humoral immune responses can be demonstrated against PLP-specific encephalitogenic epitopes, the significance of these B cell responses should be considered in the context of their potential role in the development, modulation, and/or potentiation of EAE.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2000

Cellular and humoral immune responses to adenovirus and p53 protein antigens in patients following intratumoral injection of an adenovirus vector expressing wild-type. P53 (Ad-p53).

The immune responses of 10 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving monthly intratumoral injections of a recombinant adenovirus containing human wild-type p53 (Ad-p53) to adenovirus and transgene antigens were studied. The predominate cellular and humoral immune responses as measured by lymphocyte proliferation and neutralizing antibody (Ab) formation were to adenovirus serotype 5 vector antigens, with increased responses in posttreatment samples. Consistent alterations in posttreatment cellular and humoral immune responses to p53 epitopes were not observed, and cytotoxic Abs to human lung cancer cells were not generated. Patients in this study had evidence of an antitumoral effect of this treatment with prolonged tumor stability or regression; however, neither Abs to p53 protein nor increased lymphocyte proliferative responses to wild-type or mutant p53 peptides have been consistently detected.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed2006

Rank in a food competition test and humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii).

Social status can influence an animal's immune and reproductive functions, eventually leading to alterations in immunocompetence and reproductive success. Here, we report that rank assessed in a food competition test, considered as an index of social status, has significant influences on humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) living in a group. Our data reveal a negative correlation of the spleen mass and serum antibody levels with social status, as well as a positive correlation of serum cortisol levels with social status. Males winning in food competition had a smaller spleen, a lower level of serum antibodies, and a higher level of serum cortisol than did their conspecific counterparts. These data indicate interactions between social status and humoral immune functions and might illustrate a trade-off between infection risks and reproductive success in male Brandt's voles.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Cell mediated and humoral immune responses in oral submucous fibrosis.

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were assessed in 50 patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and the results were compared with those of 50 patients with oral-leukoplakia, 50 oral cancer patients, and 50 normal healthy adult controls. The number of high-affinity rosette-forming cells (HARFC) was found to be significantly decreased in OSMF and oral cancer, whereas the number of total rosette-forming cells (TRFC) remained unaltered. Levels of serum IgA, IgD, and IgE were found to be elevated both in OSMF and oral cancer. Immunologic derangements were found to be more pronounced in oral cancer than in OSMF. The enumeration of HARFC along with the estimation of serum levels of IgA, IgD, and IgE indicates that OSMF can be an intermediary stage in the malignant transformation of a normal cell, and that these parameters may serve as markers for the early detection of oral cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Transfer of humoral immunity against cytomegalovirus proteins following transplantation of T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow from seropositive donors.

Previous work by Grob et al. [Lancet i: 774, 1987] has demonstrated that allogeneic, T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplant recipients have a better prognosis for reactivated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection if their donor is also immune. It was proposed that adoptively transferred humoral immunity was responsible for the protective effect of active infection. Immunoblot analysis using purified virions was used here to examine pre- and posttransplant antibody responses of seropositive recipients who had undergone active viral infection after transplantation. Immunoblots were assessed for the numbers of polypeptides recognised and reactivity against individual polypeptides. Immunoblots were also scanned by quantitative densitometry, and the intensity of antibody responses against total viral protein and individual polypeptides was determined. Sera from recipients with immune donors exhibited a secondary-type immune response in terms of both intensity and polypeptide specific pattern of antibody reactivity, compared with those recipients with nonimmune donors. In particular, recipients with immune donors appeared to show a greater reactivity against a protein of M(r) 55,000; this may represent the envelope glycoprotein gB, which is a major target for neutralising antibodies, and might also be utilised for preparing an effective vaccine for CMV.

Antibodies, Viral↗