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Lymphosarcoma of the mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes with peritoneal and mediastinal implantations, as well as widespread intravascular metastases and thrombosis with haemorrhages was diagnosed in a spotted hyena.
The liver colony method is based on the observation that intravenous injection of an appropriate number of LS/BL cells into isologous non-irradiated hosts leads to the formation of colonies of proliferating cells in the livers of these animals. The relationship between the number of cells injected and the number of colonies appearing in the livers was determined. This technique was used to measure the radiation sensitivity of LS/BL cells and it yielded a Do of 1.05 Gy. The results show that LS/BL cells have a similar radiation sensitivity as other mammalian cells. The liver colony assay used to determine the radiation sensitivity of the lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells can also be used whenever the number of viable tumour cells in a suspension is to be estimated.
Thoracic and abdominal radiographs from 100 dogs with lymphosarcoma were reviewed to determine the type and frequency of radiographic abnormalities associated with the disease. Sternal lymphadenopathy was the most frequent (60%) thoracic radiographic abnormality. Hepatomegaly (47%), splenomegaly (55%), and sublumbar lymphadenopathy (49.5%) were the most frequent abdominal radiographic abnormalities; these were most often seen in combination. A single radiographic abnormality or combination of abnormalities was not observed frequently enough to suggest that a diagnosis could be made only on the basis of radiographic findings.
From the tissue of the transplantable strain of rat lymphosarcoma, using phenol technics, a total RNA (sedimentation constants 31,5S; 19,0S; 6S) and chromosome-nuclear mRNA were isolated. The preparations contained up to 10% of protein. Nucleic acids (in a dosage of 10 mg RNA) were given by single intraperitoneal injections to 2 month-old rats. The animals showed a 180% increase of the lymphatic neoplasms yield when injected both total RNA and mRNA. Transplantation into newborn rats of the rat lymphocytes, treated in vitro by the total RNA preparations, failed to yield such a significant increase in the occurrence of neoplasms. A molecular weight of RNA fragments was similar to that in the experiments on transfection by nucleic acids, isolated from tumors of viral etiology.
Under study was the ultrastructure of blood and bone marrow cells in patients with acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloleucosis and chronic lymphoid leukemia as well as lymphocytic and lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma in the stage of leukemization. The possibility of using the ultrastructural signs in the differential diagnosis is discussed.
Fifty-six dogs were given chemoimmunotherapy for spontaneous lymphosarcoma. The dogs had been given identical combination chemotherapy (8 weeks) for induction of remission, and after achieving complete clinical remission, they were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups to evaluate immunotherapy as a method ancillary to chemotherapy to maintain or extend the remission. For immunostimulation, one-third of the dogs were given chemically modified autochthonous tumor cell extract in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), one-third were given nonmodified tumor cell extract in FCA, and one-third were given FCA alone. A historical control population of dogs given the same chemotherapy was used for comparison. Of the 56 dogs, 50 (89.3%) achieved initial remission, but 18 of the latter relapsed clinically during the initial 8-week-chemotherapy regimen. The remaining 32 dogs (or 57.1% of the original 56 dogs) were subsequently given immunotherapy. Duration of remission and survival time were recorded. The median remission duration and survival time for all dogs given immunotherapy following cytoreductive chemotherapy were significantly longer than the historical control population given chemotherapy alone. However, there was no significant difference in remission duration or survival among the three immunotherapy groups.
Indium-111 deferoxamine was used to delineate induced abscesses or different ages in a baboon, and lymph nodes in a case of canine spontaneous lymphosarcoma, by means of gamma-scintigraphy. Positive results were obtained already 1 hr after administration of the scanning agent, and the lesion-to-background ratio improved progressively with time. The tissue distribution of the radiopharmaceutical was determined in rats, and showed a relatively high isotope retention in the kidneys.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect [35S]methionine-labeled newly synthesized proteins from corticosteroid-sensitive and corticosteroid-resistant P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma cells. When the protein patterns from corticosteroid-sensitive cells are compared with those from highly resistant cells, they are very similar except for seven changes. One of the most obvious changes is the appearance of a new protein with a molecular weight of about 36,000 in highly resistant cells. There are also four other proteins that increase in the resistant state, as well as two that decrease. The control experiments indicate that protein differences are present to approximately the same degree when the sensitive tumor is carried in adrenalectomized animals, suggesting that the protein differences are not induced by endogenous glucocorticoids. Other experiments show that the protein differences are neither components of the small amounts of fibrous tissue that are associated with the cells nor components of blood. These results suggest that resistance of the tumor cells to glucocorticoid killing in vivo could be related to the relative rates of synthesis of a few proteins.
Derivative of bovine fibrinogen (FBG) containing chemically bound methotrexate (MTX) has been prepared by action of ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide. The derivative retained its solubility and clotability. Intraperitoneally administered FBG-MTX derivative one day after transplantation of the ascitic Gardner lymphosarcoma prolonged distinctly the survival of C3H mice. The intravenous application of FBG-MTX derivative to mice bearing the solid form of the tumor exerted chemotherapeutic effect resulting in prolongation of survival. The local application of FBG-MTX solutions followed by injection of thrombin resulted in the formation of a fibrin clot in the tumor area which persisted at least 48 hours. Local chemotherapy of the solid tumor with fibrin clot containing MTX performed on day 1 or 3 led to significant prolongation of survival of the treated animals. Mechanism of MTX liberation and the possible application of FBG-MTX derivative in chemotherapy of tumors are discussed.
Inoculation of bone marrow and spleen cells of C3H/Sumice strain mice demonstrated that on the ninth day of growth of Gardner lymphosarcoma these tissues were invaded with tumor cells. The weights of mice with advanced tumors increased. Yet the deterioration of health status of mice is characterized by decreased food and water consumption, as well as by lower concentrations of proteins in mouse sera and plasma. The albumin fraction shows a remarkable drop. These changes could not be detected in tumor free mice following LDH-virus infection. The treatment with L-asparaginase influenced the manifestations of tumor growth, but not the effectivity of LDH-virus contaminating the tumor as demonstrated by the increased activity of lactate-dehydrogenase in the mouse sera.
Mouse lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells, cultivated as a free suspension in the peritoneal cavity of C57Bl mice, were continuously irradiated by 60Co unit at an exposure rate of 35.8 x 10(-5) mC kg-1 s-1 (5 R/h). After 250 and 350 weeks of irradiation these cells were examined in light and electron microscope. Both the cytoplasm and the nucleus underwent morphological alterations under continuous exposure. Areas of advanced cytoplasmic degradation were often observed and many nuclei showed wide indentations and prolongation of their shape. The number of mitochondria and vacuoles in the cytoplasm was increased markedly in the irradiated cells. The authors consider some of the described alterations caused by continuous irradiation to act as compensatory mechanisms of the impaired cell.
A combination of the thyroid carcinoma and diffuse lymphosarcomatosis in a patient of 56 with metastasis to the cervical lymph node with lymphosarcomatous changes is described. The diagnosis of primary multiple tumor was confirmed by the second biopsy (changes typical of lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma in the axillary lymph node).
A case of the development of gastric adenocarcinoma in a woman of 47 who for the previous 9 years had been treated for lymphoplasmocytic lymphosarcoma is described. The patient periodically received courses of polychemotherapy and twice radiotherapy on the stomach area because of the affection of the stomach detected by roentgenological examination and endoscopy with gastrobiopsy. In the past two years the patient underwent multiple endoscopic examinations demonstrating over time the changes in the gastric mucosa which initially showed superficial adenomatous outgrowths of the proliferating epithelium in the presence of marked atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Gradually the signs of dysplasia increased in them and finally adenocarcinoma was established. Resection of the stomach revealed a highly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the form of an exophytic node 2 x 2 x 1 cm in size growing into the submucous layer.
An antemortem diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was made in a captive Eastern king snake and a rhinoceros viper. The Eastern king snake died on the 1st day after biopsy of a liver nodule, and necropsy revealed multiple tumor nodules throughout all major organ systems. The rhinoceros viper died after chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside. The major gross lesion was a large paracolonic coelomic tumor that extended into the adjacent musculature and subcutaneous tissue of the lateral abdominal wall. The immediate cause of death of the rhinoceros viper was believed to be severe renal tubular necrosis.
In 6 dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma, salmonellosis developed shortly after the start of anticancer chemotherapy. Three of the dogs died. Signs of illness in those that died were vomiting, diarrhea, neutropenia, anorexia, and fever, usually within 3 days of the start of chemotherapy.
Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis was evaluated, using lymphocytes from 37 dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma. The majority of the test results was within a normal range, even for those dogs with more advanced disease. However, depressed lymphocyte blastogenesis, when present, almost always occurred in lymphocytes from dogs with clinical stage IV-B and V-B disease. Dogs weighing greater than 25 kg had a significantly (P = 0.04) higher occurrence of clinical stage IV or V disease as compared with dogs weighing less than 15 kg. Dogs with diffuse lymphocytic well-differentiated lymphoma were statistically more likely to be designated clinical stage III at the time of diagnosis, as compared with dogs with diffuse lymphocytic poorly differentiated lymphoma.
A 17-year-old Arabian gelding was presented because of CNS depression and weight loss. Physical examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, pitting edema, and ascites. The diagnosis of lymphosarcoma with leukemic manifestations was based on cytologic and histopathologic examination of lymph node biopsy samples and a peripheral leukocyte count of 98,300/microliters, 94% of which were mature lymphocytes. These circulating lymphocytes lacked B-lymphocyte markers and did not respond to mitogenic stimulation, indicating functional incompetence. Though ultrastructural findings were equivocal, most morphologic changes indicated these cells were of T-lymphocyte lineage. Virus particles were not observed during transmission electron microscopy of these lymphocytes.
The paper is concerned with composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids, the regularity of lipid bilayer and structural reorganization of plasma membranes, and membranes of smooth and rough cell reticulum of thymus and Pliss lymphosarcoma are studied at linear and stationary growth phase. No qualitative differences are found in the fatty-acid composition of lipid membranes in normal and tumour cells. In plasma membranes of phospholipids and in membranes of smooth reticulum of tumour cells the unsaturated lipid component increases in the process of growth, the cholesterin/phospholipids ratio decreases, fluidity of the lipid bilayer diminishes and structural heterogeneity of these membranes rises while in membranes of rough reticulum the saturation of lipids increases, but the cholesterin/phospholipids ratio does not change. The temperatures of structural reorganization also does not change, which evidences for a less structural lability of membranes of rough reticulum as compared with other membranes.