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PubMed1985

Hemodialysis in the treatment of a group of schizophrenic patients.

The aim of the study was to examine the possible therapeutic effects of hemodialysis in a group of therapy resistant schizophrenic patients. Eleven patients diagnosed as schizophrenics according to the Feighner and DSM III criteria fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. One patient was administered active hemodialysis in an open study for about two years. The remaining ten patients entered a double-blind crossover study with active and sham treatment. Seven of these patients completed the full program, four of whom belonged to a large family with a high incidence of schizophrenia. All patients were on antipsychotic medication throughout the study. For the psychopathological evaluations the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE-30) were used. Samples of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and spent dialysate were obtained for examination. This study did not demonstrate a therapeutic effect of hemodialysis when compared to sham procedure. Although in some patients improvement of the clinical condition was observed, there were only small changes in the nuclear symptoms of schizophrenia. Improvement occurred during the first treatment period irrespective of the type of treatment administered. Possible factors for this improvement, such as method of selection, medication, psychological mechanisms in relation to the treatment or care, and attention provided by the staff are discussed. Many therapy resistant schizophrenic patients had to be rejected because of their poor compliance, unwillingness to participate and difficulties in maintaining an adequate blood access route. The conclusion is, that the results of the present study do not justify the use of hemodialysis in its present form as treatment of schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on antituberculotic action of some phenothiazine derivatives in vitro.

Five phenothiazine derivatives (chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, diethazine, promethazine and chlorpromazine) sulphoxyde were tested for antimycobacterial activity. The growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. butyricum was inhibited by chlorpromazine practically at identical concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for M. tuberculosis were: chlorpromazine and levomepromazine, 10 microgram/ml; diethazine and promethazine 20 microgram/ml, whilst chlorpromazine sulphoxyde was ineffective even at a concentration of 100 microgram/ml. Chlorpromazine and promethazine exerted a measurable bactericidal activity on M. tuberculosis at 50 microgram/ml; total destruction of the organism and loss of acid fastness in part of the cells were shown at 300 microgram/ml. Preliminary studies, in mouse experiments phenothiazine derivatives were ineffective.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of psychotropic drugs of the phenothiazine series on matrix activity of thymocyte DNA and glucocorticoid receptor interactions].

The experiment on adrenalectomized rats has shown that the concentration rates of 3.5.10(-4)M aminazine and 7.0.10(-4)M tizercine reduce 3H-acetonide triamcinolone-receptor interaction, and the concentration rate of 7.0.10(-4) tizercine increases 3H-cortisol receptor interaction in liver cytosol. The concentration rates of 3.5.10(-7)M aminazine and 3.5.10(-5)M tizercine suppress 3H-uridine inclusion into the acid-resisting mRNA thymocyte fraction. Associated introduction of aminazine and tizercine with acetonide triamcinolone (10(-8)M) increases the inhibiting effect on 3H-uridine inclusion into mRNA thymocytes. This suggests that aminazine and tizercine suppress matrix activity of DNA thymocytes through their effect on glucocorticoid receptors of type II.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1989

Zuclopenthixol and haloperidol/levomepromazine in the treatment of elderly patients with symptoms of aggressiveness and agitation: a double-blind, multi-centre study.

A double-blind study was carried out in 48 hospitalized, elderly demented patients with key symptoms of aggressiveness and agitation to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of zuclopenthixol compared with that of haloperidol/levomepromazine. Patients were allocated at random to receive initial doses of either 4 mg zuclopenthixol daily or 1 mg haloperidol in the morning and 5 mg levomepromazine in the evening over a period of 4 weeks. In Week 4, the mean daily dose was 4.8 mg zuclopenthixol and 1.6/7.6 mg haloperidol/levomepromazine, respectively. After 1 week, the severity of illness was already significantly reduced, and was further reduced after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment in both groups: the reduction, however, was most pronounced in the zuclopenthixol group and after 2 weeks this difference was significant. Side-effects were few. The results of the study indicate that, whilst both zuclopenthixol and haloperidol/levomepromazine were effective and well tolerated in these elderly patients with aggressiveness and agitation, onset of therapeutic effect appeared more rapidly with zuclopenthixol, which furthermore provides the practical advantage that it may be administered once a day.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Sleep disorders in infants and children].

Sleep disorders are common in childhood, and almost always benign. Simple explanations and parental reassurance are generally sufficient for the alleviation or tolerance of the disorder. However, severe forms exist for which a therapeutic support is necessary and often very efficient.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1989

Levomepromazine (Nozinan) reduces nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatics.

Ten patients with bronchial asthma were challenged with histamine before and after receiving saline and active drug (levomepromazine or antazoline) (a total of six challenges). The antihistaminic effect of levomepromazine (25 mg) was found to be comparable to that of antazoline (100 mg), evaluated from skin prick tests. Prechallenge forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was found to be larger after levomepromazine than after antazoline (p less than 0.05), indicating a direct bronchodilating effect. This increased threshold airway calibre may have influenced the results of challenge, but change in provocative concentration producing 20% fall (PC20) was not statistically significantly correlated to change in FEV1. Levomepromazine increased PC20 2-doubling concentration compared to antazoline (p less than 0.05). Variation was observed in two minutes' ventilation during tidal volume breathing challenge. However, there was no statistically significant variation in two minutes' ventilation during challenge after receiving levomepromazine or antazoline. It was concluded that levomepromazine possesses a bronchodilating capacity and reduces bronchial hyperreactivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Seasonal changes in the behavioral effects of neuroleptics on white rats].

Summarized results of the experiments (conducted in 1981-1984) demonstrate seasonal rhythms of some behavioural effects (catalepsy and depression of locomotor activity) of haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) and levomepromazine (5 mg/kg) in white rats. In intact rats neuroleptics were more effective in depressing high than low motor activity. Catalepsy induced by single administration of neuroleptics was more pronounced in spring and autumn months. A certain negative correlation exists between seasonal variations of neuroleptic catalepsy and the speed of monoamine (dopamine and serotonin) metabolism in the brain of intact rats.

Animals↗