PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Mefenamic Acid”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo arteriolar dilation in response to parathyroid hormone fragments.

The in vivo responsiveness of small arterioles to the topical administration of two parathyroid hormone fragments was investigated using television microscopy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) and second- and third-order arterioles in the cremaster muscle were exposed to increasing concentrations (2 X 10(-5) to 6 X 10(-4) mg/ml) of either hPTH (1-34) or bPTH-(3-34). Second- and third-order arterioles within the cremaster dilated (183% and 281% of control, respectively) following exposure to PTH-(1-34) in bath concentration of 10(-4) mg/ml and above. The dilation associated with PTH administration was abolished in second-order and greatly attenuated for third-order arterioles when the first two amino acid residues of the PTH molecule were removed (PTH (3-34) fragment). Inhibition of endogenous prostaglandins synthesis with mefenamic acid did not attenuate the vasodilator response to PTH. However, exposure to the muscarinic blocking agent atropine (10(-7) g/ml) totally inhibited the dilator response to PTH-(1-34). These data suggest that PTH induces arteriolar dilation by stimulation of muscarinic receptors in the vasculature possibly by causing the release of endogenous acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of thyroid hormone binding to apolipoprotein-E: localization of the binding site in the exon 3-coded domain.

Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) has been shown by noncovalent binding and photoaffinity labeling with [125I]T4 to possess a single L-T4 binding site with a K5 of about 3 x 10(7) M-1 and a relative affinity for analogs of L-T4 = D-T4 = rT3 = triiodothyroacetic acid > L-T3. T4 binding was not affected by the flavonoid EMD 21388 or heparin, but was inhibited by diclofenac = mefenamic acid > furosemide. Localization of the T4 site to the N-terminal 62-amino acid region of the mature peptide coded by exon 3 was deduced from the following evidence. 1) The N-terminal 15- to 26-kilodalton (kDa) fragments (within residues 1-160 to 210), but not the approximately 10- to 11-kDa fragments (within residues approximately 220-299), were labeled by [125I]T4. 2) Variants apoE2 and apoE4, with nonconservative mutations at positions 112 and 158 (the latter unable to interact with the apoB/E receptor), maintained the ability to bind T4. 3) Monoclonal antibodies MAb 1D7 and 3H1 (epitopes at positions 139-169 and 243-272, respectively) failed to inhibit T4 binding, but MAb 6H7 (epitope at 1-125) decreased labeling by about 24%. 4) Polymers of apoE were specifically labeled despite the interaction between amphipathic alpha-helices of the exon 4-encoded region (63-299). We conclude that apoE, as previously observed with apoA-I and apoB, possesses a T4-binding domain separate from the lipid-binding domain and distinct from both the heparin- and the cell receptor-binding sites. Thyroid hormone binding by apoE may facilitate uptake of the hormone by cells through apoB/E receptors, which are widely distributed in tissues.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1993

Potassium current in circular smooth muscle of human jejunum activated by fenamates.

Thirty-eight cells, freshly isolated from circular smooth muscle of normal human jejunum obtained from nine patients undergoing weight-reduction surgery for morbid obesity, were patch clamped using a perforated patch-clamp technique. A highly potassium-selective voltage-dependent outward current was present in all cells. The current was carried by a 220-pS channel that activated near -75 mV and reached unit open probability at about +10 mV. Blockade of the current by quinidine (50 microM) and tetraethylammonium (25 mM) was accompanied by membrane depolarization to 0 to -3 mV, suggesting that this current was the major determinant of the membrane potential. Flufenamic and mefenamic acid at concentrations comparable with blood levels reached when these drugs are used in clinical therapy as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, activated the potassium outward current and hyperpolarized the membrane potential. The shift in the membrane potential for 250 microM flufenamic acid was -36 +/- 24 (SD) mV. Activation was rapid (seconds) and reversible. It was concluded that normal human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells have a highly potassium-selective outward current, which is the major determinant of the membrane potential and which is activated by fenamates.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1991

Detection and quantification of low concentrations of 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid from minimal amounts of urine.

A simple liquid-liquid extraction and GC/MS-method for detection and quantification of 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) from merely 1 ml urine is described. The derivatisation to the methyl ester was carried out using methyl iodide and mefenamic acid was used as internal standard. Experiments with urine spiked with 15 ng THC-COOH/ml resulted in a recovery of 91%. Excellent linearity was obtained over the range 5-100 ng/ml.

Dronabinol↗
PubMed1989

[The treatment of psoriatic arthropathy with a combination of mefenamic and aminocaproic acids].

Studies of the connective tissue status, lysosomal enzymes and kallikrein-kinin system activities in 30 patients with psoriatic arthropathy have revealed an increased level of the connective tissue matrix and collagen metabolites, elevated activities of proteoglycan-destroying hydrolases and of kallikrein and its precursor. The detected shifts correlated with the severity of the skin and articular processes. Besides the traditional local and fortifying therapy, the patients have been administered mefenamic acid (connective tissue stabilizer) and aminocaproate (tissue protease and kinin system inhibitor). Such treatment has been effective in 76% of the patients. The mean length of treatment has made up 42.3 days. The drugs have had a positive effect on both the skin and articular processes. A tendency to normalization of the biochemical characteristics has been observed. The suggested scheme of therapy is recommended for practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment.

This paper presents the results of a survey of the wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower river Tyne, UK. Samples were analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry following solid phase extraction, for the presence of 13 pharmaceuticals selected from the priority lists of the UK Environment Agency and the Oslo and Paris Commission (OSPAR). The pharmaceutical compounds measured were acetyl-sulfamethoxazole, clofibric acid, clotrimazole, dextropropoxyphene, diclofenac, erythromycin, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, paracetamol, propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, tamoxifen and trimethoprim. Of the wastewater treatment works (WTW) samples (n=9) analysed, all compounds except sulfamethoxazole and acetyl-sulfamethoxazole were detected at concentrations ranging from 11 to 69,570 ng l(-1) (in raw effluent). In the surface water samples (n=18), clotrimazole, dextropropoxyphene, erythromycin, ibuprofen, propranolol, tamoxifen and trimethoprim were detected at concentrations ranging from 4 to 2370 ng l(-1). Results of this study show that various pharmaceutical compounds are effectively reduced during their passage through a tertiary wastewater treatment works, whilst others are sufficiently persistent to occur in estuarine systems.

Pharmaceutical Preparations↗
PubMed2006

The effects of surfactants on the dissolution profiles of poorly water-soluble acidic drugs.

The effects of types of surfactants on the solubilization and dissolution of poorly soluble acidic drugs were compared to identify the most suitable surfactant for conducting an acidic drug dissolution test. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as an anionic surfactant, and polysorbate 80 as a non-ionic surfactant were used in the study. And, mefenamic acid, nimesulide, and ibuprofen were selected as model drugs. The dissolution rates of these acidic drugs were substantially enhanced in medium containing CTAB. Electrostatic interactions between acidic drugs and cationic surfactants were confirmed by measuring UV spectra of each drug. Solubility of drugs in various media and the partition coefficients of drugs into micelles were found to depend on drug characteristics. For acidic drugs, the ability of media containing a cationic surfactant to discriminate rates of dissolution of acidic drugs seemed to be greater than that of media containing other surfactant types.

Cetrimonium↗
PubMed1990

Multifocal fixed drug eruption mimicking erythema multiforme.

A 38-year-old woman presented with a widespread bullous eruption that recurred during menstruation. Skin biopsy suggested erythema multiforme. As she was receiving synthetic progesterones for dysmenorrhoea the diagnosis of an auto-immune progesterone dermatitis was considered. However, subsequent investigations confirmed the diagnosis to be a fixed drug eruption to mefenamic acid taken for dysmenorrhoea.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenediazonium ion (CDNBD).

The kinetics of thermal decomposition of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenediazonium ion (CDNBD), an arenediazonium ion newly developed as a derivatizing reagent for drug analysis, are described. The arenediazonium ion, in an optimized concentrated sulfuric acid/orthophosphoric acid medium, was incubated for various time intervals at 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 55 degrees , 65 degrees , 75 degrees, and 85 degrees C. The amount of ion left after each time interval was quantified selectively by colorimetric assay at 490 nm, using mefenamic acid as a model diazo-coupling component. The rate constants for the decomposition were determined graphically. An Arrhenius plot was used to delineate the dependence of the rate constant on temperature and to predict the half-life at 25 degrees C and lower temperatures. The diazonium ion decomposed by first-order kinetics. The rate constants of decomposition, which increased progressively with temperature, were 3.18 +/- 0.41 x 10(-5), 1.19 +/- 0.07 x 10(-4), 4.87 +/- 0.15 x 10(-4), 12.88 +/- 0.73 x 10(-4), and 21.32 +/- 2.74 x 10(-4) (s(-1)) with corresponding half-lives of 363, 97.06, 23.72, 8.97, and 5.42 min at 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 65 degrees, and 75 degrees C, respectively. CDNBD is highly stable in concentrated acid medium, with half-life values of about 10 h, 10 days, and 7.3 months at 25 degrees, 0 degrees, and -20 degrees C, respectively. The reagent stability profile shows that it could be readily adapted for routine applications in instrumental chemical analysis.

Acetates↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of the binding of thyroxine to high density lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I.

We studied binding of T4 to the lipid-complexed apolipoproteins (apo) of high density lipoproteins (HDL), the major lipoprotein carrier of thyroid hormones in human plasma, and to lipid-free apoA-I. HDL isolated from fresh normal plasma by ultracentrifugation (density, 1.063-1.210 g/mL) was photoaffinity labeled with [3,5-(125)I]T4 and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two bands corresponding to apoA-I (28.3K) and apoC-II or apoC-III (8.6-9.2K) were seen, and their radioactivity decreased by 50-60% when labeled in the presence of 1 mumol/L T4. Photoaffinity labeling of isolated apoA-I also was demonstrated and was decreased 74% by 1 mumol/L T4, suggesting a higher affinity of the lipid-free protein for T4. T4 binding of isolated apoA-I was optimal at pH 7-8, reached a maximum after 1 h at 23 C, and decreased after incubation at 37 C. Scatchard analysis revealed a single T4-binding site with a Ka of 7.5 x 10(7) L/mol at 23 C, pH 8.2. The potency of T4 analogs as inhibitors of T4 binding to isolated apoA-I was L-T4 = D-T4 = triiodothyroacetic acid = L-rT3 much greater than L-T3 much greater than L-thyronine. The binding of T4 to apoA-I was reduced by known inhibitors of T4 binding to serum proteins (diclofenac = mefenamic acid = furosemide = 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid much greater than dilantin greater than heparin greater than barbital) and by lipids (unsaturated fatty acids greater than cholesterol = cholesterol esters = phospholipids greater than saturated fatty acids = diglycerides = triglycerides). We conclude that the binding of T4 to HDL is mediated by a specific interaction of the hormone with apoA-I and with apoC-II and/or apoC-III. Since the lipid constituents of HDL inhibit T4 binding to apoA-I, the HDL subfraction in plasma that carries most of the HDL-bound T4 should be one with a low lipid content.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1975

Multiple sites of interaction between prostaglandins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIA) are shown to inhibit the net production of prostaglandin (PG)- like activity from arachidonic acid by a cell-free preparation of guinea-pig lung. Moreover, these agents also antagonize PGE-1-induced contractions of the isolated gerbil colon. The anti-spasmogenic effects are reversible and specific. At high concentrations, indomethacin and mefenamic acid interfere with the binding of PGE-1 to a broken cell preparation of rat epididymal adipocytes. Taken together the data indicate that NSAIA interact with prostaglandins at multiple sites and are consistent with the suggestions reported previously that NSAIA may have multiple in vivo actions.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Mepirizole, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory compound, its ulcerogenicity and inhibitory action on lesions induced by acidic antiinflammatory agents in the rat stomach.

Gastric lesions were produced in rats by the administration for 2 weeks of 300 mg/kg/day of mepirizole, a basic non-steroidal antiinflammatory compound. Although the single administration of 200 mg/kg of mepirizole had no effect, the addition of water-immersion stress for one hour induced lesions not only in the corpus but also in the pyloric antrum. The administration of 250 mg/kg of mefenamic acid, an acidic non-steroidal antiinflammatory compound (insufficient for producing gastric lesions at this dose alone) with the addition of one hour of water-immersion stress induced gastric lesions. The addition of 200 mg/kg of mepirizole reduced the ulcer index from 8.1 to 4.7 in the corpus and from 4 to 0.5 in the pyloric antrum. It is suggested that basic antiinflammatory compounds inhibit gastric lesions induced by combination of acidic antiinflammatory compounds and water-immersion stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Attenuation of penicillin models of epilepsy by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Prostaglandin and thromboxane levels increase in mammalian brain during seizures, but whether a metabolite of arachidonic acid has a role in induction, or is merely a by-product, of seizures is still not clear. It has been shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs block arachidonic acid metabolism through inhibition of the enzyme, cyclooxygenase. In the present study, the antiepileptic action of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was investigated utilizing penicillin-induced focal (250 IU) and primary generalized (2.5 million IU kg-1) models of epilepsy. The effects of the drugs on the electrocortical and motor manifestations of both models were examined. As a group, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs significantly affected the central nervous system excitation produced by penicillin. However, individual drugs affected different parameters of the excitation. Paracetamol, the most effective, delayed and/or blocked spikes and seizures in both models. Ibuprofen was more effective against the primary generalized model. Mefenamic acid decreased the number of seizures and indomethacin decreased the voltage output in both models. The present study, together with earlier papers, suggests that an arachidonic acid metabolite plays a role in induction of several animal models of epilepsy.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of the bioactivity of triterpene mixture isolated from Carmona retusa (Vahl.) Masam leaves.

The major constituent of Carmona retusa (Vahl.) Masam. leaves is an intractable mixture of triterpenes, namely alpha-amyrin (43.7%), beta-amyrin (24.9%), and baurenol (31.4%). At a dosage of 100mg/kg mouse, the triterpene mixture exhibited 51% analgesic activity but only showed 20% anti-inflammatory activity. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks showed that the triterpene mixture is as active as mefenamic acid, a commercially available analgesic, at alpha = 0.01. The charcoal tracing test showed a 29% anti-diarrheal activity for the triterpene mixture, which increased to 55% at a dosage of 250 mg/kg mouse. At the higher dosage, the triterpene mixture differed significantly from its solvent control at alpha = 0.01. Results of the micronucleus test showed that the triterpene mixture did not exhibit mutagenic nor anti-mutagenic activity at alpha = 0.001. There was no significant decrease in blood glucose levels (bgl) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice after administration of the triterpene mixture. The triterpene mixture was inactive against Escherichia coli and possessed moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Perichondritis.

5 children with abdominal pain of costochondral origin were seen between October, 1987, and February, 1988. 4 were initially misdiagnosed and had unnecessary and costly investigations and inappropriate treatment. An accurate history and a thorough examination are essential to reach the correct diagnosis. A short course of mefenamic acid was effective in all but one child, who responded to a local injection of methylprednisolone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Rat pleurisy induced by kaolin or croton oil: time course of fluid accumulation and white cell migration.

Rat pleurisy was induced by intrapleural injection of 0.1 ml of 1% kaolin or 1% croton oil, and the time courses of pleural fluid accumulation and white cell migration were examined. Peak pleural fluid accumulation was observed at respectively 5 and 16 h after the inciter injection. Migration of white cells into the pleural cavity showed a peak at respectively 7 or 24 h after each inciter. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were predominant in pleural cells of kaolin pleurisy at 3 h, while in croton-oil pleurisy the major white cells were mononuclear cells and lymphocytes at 3 h, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes appeared later around 16 h. Pretreatment with several agents modified both types of induced pleurisy. Kaolin pleurisy at 3 h was suppressed by indomethacin, mefenamic acid, paramethasone, bromelain and soy-bean trypsin inhibitor, while croton oil pleurisy at 3 h was suppressed significantly by indomethacin and paramethasone.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Menorrhagia: an update.

Menorrhagia is defined as a 'complaint of heavy cyclical menstrual bleeding occurring over several consecutive cycles'. Objectively it is a total menstrual blood loss equal to or greater than 80 ml per menstruation. It is estimated that approximately 30% of women complain of menorrhagia. Excessive bleeding is the main presenting complaint in women referred to gynecologists and it accounts for two-thirds of all hysterectomies, and most of endoscopic endometrial destructive surgery. Thus, menorrhagia is an important healthcare problem. Its etiology, investigation, medical and surgical management are described. In approximately 50% of cases of menorrhagia no pathology is found at hysterectomy. Abnormal levels of prostaglandins or the fibrinolytic system in the endometrium have been implicated. Effective medical treatments suitable for long-term use include intrauterine progestogens, antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (mefenamic acid). Over the past decade there has been increasing use of endometrial destructive techniques as an alternative to hysterectomy. Their further refinement and the advent of fibroid embolization has increased the options available to women.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗