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PubMed1989

[Indirect detection of the infectious agents of selected parasitic diseases in animals by immunologic and molecular biological methods].

In this review the following possibilities of indirect detection of causal agents in selected animal parasitoses are discussed: Detection of serum antibodies by ELISA, IFAT and other test systems in leishmaniasis of dogs, babesiosis of horse, cattle and dog, and in toxoplasmosis of cat and various intermediate host species. In leishmaniasis of dogs the specificity of serodiagnosis can be improved by additional Western-Blot analysis. New approaches are provided by the detection of antigens circulating in serum (i.e. in dirofilariasis of dogs) or excreted in faeces (copro-antigens) (i.e. in intestinal parasitoses). Some of the last mentioned techniques are still under evaluation. A new trend in the diagnosis of parasitoses is the application of DNA technologies for the specific identification of causal agents. Some examples are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Beta-thromboglobulin concentration in chosen parasitic diseases].

Blood platelets are active elements in the body defense mechanisms, e.g. in antiparasitic immunology. A platelet stimulation may result from a direct contact with a parasite, increased IgG and/or IgE concentrations, the presence of complement, CRP or lymphokins. This study was aimed at establishing whether a parasitic infection could induce a platelet activation. The study involved 35 patients (30 patients were infected with Giardia intestinalis and 5 patients with Echinococcus granulosus). Blood for analysis was collected twice--before treatment (A1) and after treatment (A2). The concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin were assayed by means of the set of ASSERA-CHROM, according to the immuno-enzymatic method with labelled antibodies. The platelet count was determined with a haematologic analyser. Although platelets do not get into a direct contact with the parasite, an increase in the concentration of b-thromboglobulin is observed, and it may indicate the involvement of platelets in the parasitic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Epidemiology of digestive parasitic diseases of young cattle in northern Cameroon].

Studies of gastro-intestinal parasites of zebu calves were carried out in traditional herds in Northern Cameroon through monthly faecal analysis in 17 herds for a period of two years. Toxocarosis appeared to be the most important parasitic infection in the North province where its prevalence reached 58% in calves aged 0-6 months; 60% of the infested calves passed large numbers of eggs at least once. Samples revealing high egg counts were more frequent in the dry season. Deworming calves aged one month with a cheap anthelmintic against Toxocara is likely to be economically profitable in the North. Seventy-five and a half per cent of the calves 0-12 months old were infested with Strongyloides; high counts of Strongyloides eggs were registered at least once for 31% of these calves. As for toxocarosis, calves seemed to be more often and more heavily infested with Strongyloides in the North than in the Far North province. Strongyloidosis was apparently of low clinical importance, with the rare clinical manifestations accompanied by toxocarosis. The importance of digestive tract strongylosis was difficult to evaluate. Every steer was affected at one stage of its life in a similar manner in the two provinces; 6.8% of samples showed high egg counts and 35% of the steers aged over six months passed large numbers of eggs at least once. These results did not permit a priori recommendation of a systematic deworming programme against strongyles; instead, several less intensive deworming programmes have to be tested in order to determine their economic profitability. Coccidia were found in 77.4% of calves aged 0-12 months, with heavier and more frequent infections in the North. However, infections of high intensity were generally rare. Trichuris, Moniezia, Fasciola and paramphistomes were rarely found. Concerning nematodosis, curative treatments and cost-profit studies of deworming programmes should be aimed at toxocarosis in calves aged 0-3 months in the North, and strongylosis in steers aged 6-12 months, in both provinces.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

[Opportunistic parasitic diseases in Africa. Clinical aspects and diagnosis].

Opportunistic parasitic infections are diagnosed more and more often in African patients with AIDS. Cryptosporidiosis is the most frequent with a prevalence between 7 and 31%. The prevalence of Isospora belli is between 5 and 19% and that of strongyloidiasis between 2 and 5%, depending on the authors. These parasitic infections are probably one of the frequent causes of chronic diarrhea in Africa. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis are not well known. (Between 5 and 17% for toxoplasmosis and 29% for pneumocystosis). The diagnostic technics used are those currently known. Toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis seen in these patients have the same presentations as those in developed countries.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Statistical models for estimating prevalence and incidence of parasitic diseases.

The estimation of prevalence and incidence of parasitic infections is considered. As the detectability of such infections is not 100% and may furthermore depend on their intensity, statistical methods are often required to arrive at meaningful results. It appears to be essential to distinguish between parasites that multiply within the (human) host and those that do not. An overview of some models discussed in the literature is presented. These models can indeed be used in assessing detectability of infection, and they indicate that observations may lead to considerable misinterpretation of 'true' prevalences and incidences.

Animals↗