Lipid composition of selected strains of Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
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Bacteriocinogeny was found in 19.8 per cent of Y. enterocolitica strains tested. It was designated by the authors as enterocoliticacinogeny and the substance produced by the pathogen was named enterocoliticacine. Bacteriocinogeny was found among the collection strains isolated in the South Primorye and not among the strains isolated abroad. Some cultures of Y. enterocolitica isolated abroad and in the South Primorye were used as indicator strains for revealing enterocoliticacinogeny. Enterocoliticacine inhibited growth only of some strains of Y. enterocolitica and had no inhibitory effect on growth of Coli bacteria, plague and pseudotuberculosis microbes. The latter 3 bacterial species did not inhibit growth of the causative agent of gastric yearsiniosis, which may be of some diagnostic importance. The diverse spectrum of enterocoliticacine and the character of inhibition of sensitive culture growth are indicative of the presence of several types of bacteriocines in Y. enterocolitica.
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The changes in the glutathione-dependent and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity in the rat lungs and liver tissues have been studied after the administration of plague murine toxin (LD100). It has been found out the early toxic effect in 1h in the lungs: 35% SOD and glutathione peroxidase (tributyl hydroperoxide) (GP) decrease, 87% glutathione reductase (GR) increase along with two-hold ascent of ratio GR/Glutathione-S-transferase (GT), GR/GPs. The fundamental ratio GR/GT.GPs rises in 1h 3.7 times and then falls below standard rate (5h). This is the evidence of the lungs antioxidant system potential power exhaustion. It has been established that in the liver, 4 times SOD activity increases in 2h after the toxin injection, and 1.5 times GP (tributyL) hydroperoxide) activity ascends in 1h. The ratio increase (150% for SOD/GP-H2O2 in 2h, 114% for GR/GP (tributyl hydroperoxide) and 61% for GR/GT in 5h) indicates the stable unbalance of this system. The pathogenetic significance of detoxication system disturbances in the lungs and liver tissues under the murine toxin influence is discussed.
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The detection of the common enterobacterial antigen (Kunin) in strains of Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterotocolitica has brought an additional reason for separating them from the Pasteurella and for their inclusion in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia that give a positive ONPG test lack true beta-galactoridase, except when they harbour a lactose plasmid.
The effect of oral administration of brewer's yeast on resistance to infectious diseases was studied in laboratory animals. It was shown that there was a significantly increased enhancement of resistance to seasonal respiratory and enteric infections in rhesus monkeys. Similarly, enhanced resistance to experimental chronic infections was observed in mice after yeast administration. A 2-week lag occurred between the initiation of yeast treatment and the expression of enhanced resistance. Study of the mechanism of the yeast-induced enhancement of resistance to infection leads to the conclusion that it is based on in vivo stimulation of phagocytosis, as measured by the "phagocytic index." No effect of brewer's yeast on circulating antibody levels was detected.
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A numerical taxonomic study of strains of Actinobacillus, Pasteurella and Yersinia, with some allied bacteria, showed 23 reasonably distinct groups. These fell into three major areas. Area A contained species of Actinobacillus and Pasteurella: A. suis, A. equuli, A. lignieresii, P. haemolytica biovar A, P. haemolytica biovar T, P. multocida, A. actinomycetemcomitans, 'P. bettii', 'A. seminis', P. ureae and P. aerogenes. Also included in A was a composite group of Pasteurella pneumotropica and P. gallinarum, together with unnamed groups referred to as 'BLG', 'Mair', 'Ross' and 'aer-2'. Area B contained species of Yersinia: Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. pestis and a group 'ent-b' similar to Y. enterocolitica. Area C contained non-fermenting strains: Y. philomiragia, Moraxella anatipestifer and a miscellaneous group 'past-b'. There were also a small number of unnamed single strains.
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