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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hepatic hemangioblastoma. An unusual presentation in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease.

We report a case of multiple capillary hemangioblastomas of the liver occurring in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease and a history of previous cerebellar and spinal hemangioblastomas. Although rare examples of this tumor have previously been recorded in the pancreas, kidney, and urinary bladder, this appears to be the first recorded case with hepatic involvement. The histology and immunohistochemical appearance of this neoplasm are identical with those of the cerebellar tumor. We believe it represents a separate primary neoplasm rather than metastatic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A case of cerebellar ganglioglioma in an infant--immunohistochemical study].

Ganglioglioma is a rare brain tumor which occurs in an infant and young adult. The term "ganglioglioma" was originally proposed by Ewing in 1926 and subsequently adopted by Courville in 1930. Histogenesis of ganglioglioma is still speculative, but the hypothesis that ganglioglioma is derived from hamartomatous sympathetic neurons is generally thought to be probable. Gangliogliomas of the brain arise frequently from the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, cerebellum and spinal cord. Its growth is gradual and clinically it is a benign tumor, but its malignant transformation has been reported. Ganglioglioma is a tumor composed of both neuronal and glial cells, but the ratio of these two-cell components varies a great deal from case to case and in different areas even of the same tumor. The authors experienced a cerebellar ganglioglioma in an infant which was successfully removed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of the biopsy specimen have been done. That is, histopathological staining with H-E (hematoxylin eosin), PTAH (phosphotangustic acid hematoxylin), cresyl-violet and Bodian, and electron microscopical studies were performed. Also the authors immunohistochemically examined the presence or absence of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), NSE (neuron specific enolase), S-100 alpha and beta subunits. Histopathologically, the authors could find nerve fiber, glial fiber and identify neuronal cells which had Nisslgranules in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopically the authors could distinguish the neuronal cells which had large nuclei and prominant nucleoli from the glial cells which had processes filled with intermediate glial filaments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Advantages and limitations of using immunohistochemical diagnosis of tumors of the central nervous system].

Basing on the enzymatic and histochemical studies of more than 800 CNS tumours the possibility of application of these methods for the morphologic diagnosis of brain tumour is evaluated. Acid glial fibrillar protein and pituitary hormones were found to be of special value as histochemical markers. Such enzymohistochemical studies may become valuable for solving clinical and diagnostic problems only when they are combined with other morphologic methods of investigation.

Antigens↗
PubMed1989

[Congenital ependymoma. Case report and immunohistochemical studies].

Reported in this paper is a congenital ependymoma in an 23-week old foetus. The neoplasm was well vascularised and contained typical ependymal rosettes. The tumour cells did not react with GFAP-antiserum. They reacted weakly with neuron-specific enolase and vimentin and exhibited strong antigenicity with S-100-protein-antiserum. Cytokeratin antigen was recordable from some tumour cells. The tumour was sufficiently mature for classification as ependymoma. Immunohistochemical findings suggested possible ectodermal origin of the tumour cells.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Immunocytochemistry of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis].

Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis were studied with immunostains for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Tumor tissue was composed of three forms of cells; polygonal, ovoid and fusiform. A polygonal form was large in size and contained a vesicular nucleus, a distinct nucleolus and scarce Nissl granules resembling a nerve cell. An ovoid cell was similar to a gemistocytic astrocyte. Glial fibers stained with PTAH were observed to surround the tumor cell cluster. Immunocytochemically the polygonal cells were GFAP-and NSE-positive, the ovoid cells were GFAP-, MBP- and NSE-positive, and the fusiform cells were sometimes GFAP- and NSE-positive. The origin of tumor cells remains controversial, either glial or neuronal. This tumor occurs commonly in the subependymal region where germinal matrix cells appear at the early developmental stage. These results suggest that subependymal giant cell astrocytoma could have the totipotential to differentiate to astrocytic, oligodendrocytic as well as neuronal cells.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1989

[A clinicopathological study of central neurocytoma].

In 1982, Hassoun et al. reported two cases of differentiated neuroblastoma with the clinical and light microscopic appearance of intraventricular oligodendroglioma and gave a name of "central neurocytoma" to this tumor. Jerdan et al. (1983) called the similar tumor as "differentiated cerebral neuroblastoma in adults". As the tumor can be diagnosed only by ultrastructural study, the established cases so far reported are very rare. In this paper we present five cases identical to those presented by Hassoun et al. and clarify the essential nature of this new category of brain tumors. All of our cases of central neurocytoma occurred in the lateral ventricles of young adults. Clinically there was no evidence of leptomeningeal or ventricular dissemination of tumor cells. After subtotal resection of the tumor and 6000 rads of whole brain irradiation, the tumor mass disappeared and no evidence for recurrence of the tumor was noted on CT scan. All cases showed almost the same histology. The tumor cells contained a small round and/or oval nucleus, and had eosinophilic thin delicate cytoplasmic processes. There were no Homer Wright rosette, but were anuclear spaces consisting of fine fibrillar structures, like so called "broad rosettes" or "large rosettes". Capillary mesh was found among the tumor cells, but there was no endothelial proliferation. The tumor cells were monotonous, lacking pleomorphism, mitotic figures, and necrotic foci. Calcifications were observed in two cases. In the areas where the tumor cells arranged loosely, cytoplasms became clear, showing perinuclear halo, like those of oligodendrogliomas. Immunohistochemical examination showed GFAP and vimentin positive cells were all reactive astrocytes around capillaries and near calcifications. No tumor cells contained GFAP and vimentin. The tumor cells were also negative for neurofilament both of 70 KD and 200 KD. NSE was more or less positive for tumor cell cytoplasm as well as fine fibrils. Anti-Leu7 antibodies stained only fine cytoplasmic processes, but not cytoplasm. Some reactive astrocytes were stained with anti-Leu7 antibodies. Electron microscopic examination showed nuclei of the tumor cells were roughly round or oval without nuclear indentations and contained finely dispersed nuclear chromatin. In the cytoplasm, there were numerous free ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and electron dense various-shaped granules. Microtubules were found in the periphery of the cells, but filamentous structures were not identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Myoepitheliomas and myoepithelial adenomas of salivary gland origin. Immunohistochemical evaluation of filament proteins, S-100 alpha and beta, glial fibrillary acidic proteins, neuron-specific enolase, and lactoferrin.

Immunohistochemical identification of keratin proteins (TK, KL1 and PKK1), vimentin, myosin, S-100 protein (using polyclonal antiserum) and S-100 alpha and beta subunits, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lactoferrin, and lysozyme was made in myoepitheliomas, myoepithelial adenomas, and clear cell adenomas of salivary gland origin. Myoepithelioma cells were divided into two types: plasmacytoid cells, which showed great heterogeneity in terms of keratins and S-100 alpha and beta proteins and a lack of GFAP, NSE, lactoferrin, and lysozyme in most the cells, and fibrous and dendritic tumor cells, which displayed variable staining for keratin and S-100 alpha and beta proteins. Myoepithelial adenomas were composed of small-, intermediate-, and large-sized spindle cells that showed irregular positive reactions for keratins and S-100 alpha and beta. Immunohistochemical deposition of S-100 protein was restricted strongly to the dendritic cells present in hyalinous and myxomatous areas. Clear cell adenomas revealed uniformly slight staining of keratins and S-100 proteins, and negative staining or rarely positivity for GFAP, NSE, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. When the immunohistochemical deposition of these proteins was compared between normal glands and myoepithelial tumors, heterogeneity of expression of keratins, S-100 proteins, GFAP, and NSE was notable in the tumors. Progenitor cells of several kinds of myoepithelioma were suggested to be intercalated reserve cells, which are thought to be the same cell that gives rise to pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

mRNA at the synapse: analysis of a synaptosomal preparation enriched in hippocampal dendritic spines.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the branched spines of the mossy fiber-CA3 hippocampal synapse contain a particularly large number of polyribosomes (Chicurel and Harris, 1989, 1992). We analyzed a preparation of synaptosomes isolated from this region and have found it to contain a restricted RNA population: certain mRNAs, presumably derived from the dendritic spines and the fine astrocytic processes surrounding the pre- and postsynaptic elements of the synapse, are enriched in the synaptosome preparation as compared to the total hippocampus; other mRNAs are less prevalent or altogether absent. In addition, neural BC1, a small noncoding RNA thought to be involved in pre- or posttranslational regulatory processes in dendrites, is a major RNA component of the dendritic spine. These results support the hypothesis that local translational regulation of gene expression may be important in establishing and modulating synaptic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Palisades in cerebral astrocytoma simulating the so-called polar spongioblastoma: a histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopical study of an adult case.

This report concerns a case of fibrous astrocytoma with palisade features that mimics a polar spongioblastoma. The patient was a 54-year-old female who presented with a tumor of the frontal lobe. The presence of neurites, with or without synaptic devices were considered to represent the entrapment by the tumors of the pre-existing neurons and their processes.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed2004

Morpho-functional characterization of neuronal cells at different stages of maturation in granule cell layer of adult rat dentate gyrus.

Neurogenesis occurs throughout adult life in dentate gyrus of mammal hippocampus. Therefore, neurons at different stages of electrophysiological and morphological maturation and showing various, if any, synaptic inputs co-exist in the adult granule cell layer, as occurs during dentate gyrus development. The knowledge of functional properties of new neurons throughout their maturation can contribute to understanding their role in the hippocampal function. In this study electrophysiological and morphological features of granule layer cells, characterized as immature or mature neurons, without and with synaptic input, were comparatively described in adult rats. The patch-clamp technique was used to perform electrophysiological recordings, the occurrence of synaptic input evoked by medial perforant pathway stimulation was investigated and synaptic input was characterized. Cells were then identified and morphologically described via detection of biocytin injected through the patch pipette. The neuronal phenotype of recorded cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry and single-cell RT-PCR. Cells with very low capacitance, high input resistance, depolarized resting membrane potential and without synaptic activity were found exclusively at the border of the GCL facing hilus; this type of cell expressed the class III beta-tubulin neuronal marker (mRNA and protein) and did not express a glial marker. Immature neuronal cells with progressively increasing capacitance, decreasing input resistance and resting membrane potential getting more hyperpolarized showed only depolarizing GABAergic synaptic input at first and then also glutamatergic synaptic input. Finally, cells showing electrophysiological, synaptic, and morphological features of mature granule, expressing the mature neuron marker NeuN, were identified.

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the Candida albicans enolase gene.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the coding region as well as the flanking non-coding region of Candida albicans enolase gene was determined. A continuous open reading frame of 1323 nucleotides with no introns was identified. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 87% similarity to the enolases from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two isoforms of enolase are encoded by two non-tandemly arrayed genes in S. cerevisiae. However, DNA hybridisation analysis indicates that in C. albicans enolase is encoded by a single gene. The position of the transcription start site, putative TATA box and polyadenylation signal of the C. albicans enolase gene have been identified. The location of these sequences are similar to those of the S. cerevisiae enolase genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Enolase, a cellular glycolytic enzyme, is required for efficient transcription of Sendai virus genome.

Cellular proteins (host factors) may play key roles in transcription of Sendai virus (SeV) genome. We have previously shown that the host factor activity, which stimulates in vitro mRNA synthesis of SeV, from bovine brain comprises at least three complementary factors, and two of them were identified as tubulin and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). Here the third host factor activity was further resolved into two complementary factors, and one of them was purified to an almost single polypeptide chain with an apparent M(r) of 52,000 (p52) and was identified as a glycolytic enzyme, enolase. Recombinant human alpha-enolase, as did p52, acted synergistically with other three host factors to stimulate SeV mRNA synthesis. West-Western blot analysis demonstrated that tubulin specifically binds enolase as well as PGK, suggesting that these two glycolytic enzymes regulate SeV transcription through their interactions with tubulin.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed2000

Homology among (betaalpha)(8) barrels: implications for the evolution of metabolic pathways.

We provide statistically reliable sequence evidence indicating that at least 12 of 23 SCOP (betaalpha)(8) (TIM) barrel superfamilies share a common origin. This includes all but one of the known and predicted TIM barrels found in central metabolism. The statistical evidence is complemented by an examination of the details of protein structure, with certain structural locations favouring catalytic residues even though the nature of their molecular function may change. The combined analysis of sequence, structure and function also enables us to propose a phylogeny of TIM barrels. Based on these data, we are able to examine differing theories of pathway and enzyme evolution, by mapping known TIM barrel folds to the pathways of central metabolism. The results favour widespread recruitment of enzymes between pathways, rather than a "backwards evolution" model, and support the idea that modern proteins may have arisen from common ancestors that bound key metabolites.

Aldehyde-Lyases↗
PubMed1992

Molecular cloning of cDNA and analysis of protein secondary structure of Candida albicans enolase, an abundant, immunodominant glycolytic enzyme.

We isolated and sequenced a clone for Candida albicans enolase from a C. albicans cDNA library by using molecular genetic techniques. The 1.4-kbp cDNA encoded one long open reading frame of 440 amino acids which was 87 and 75% similar to predicted enolases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enolases from other organisms, respectively. The cDNA included the entire coding region and predicted a protein of molecular weight 47,178. The codon usage was highly biased and similar to that found for the highly expressed EF-1 alpha proteins of C. albicans. Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed that the enolase cDNA hybridized to an abundant C. albicans mRNA of 1.5 kb present in both yeast and hyphal growth forms. The polypeptide product of the cloned cDNA, which was purified as a recombinant protein fused to glutathione S-transferase, had enolase enzymatic activity and inhibited radioimmunoprecipitation of a single C. albicans protein of molecular weight 47,000. Analysis of the predicted C. albicans enolase showed strong conservation in regions of alpha helices, beta sheets, and beta turns, as determined by comparison with the crystal structure of apo-enolase A of S. cerevisiae. The lack of cysteine residues and a two-amino-acid insertion in the main domain differentiated C. albicans enolase from S. cerevisiae enolase. Immunofluorescence of whole C. albicans cells by using a mouse antiserum generated against the purified fusion protein showed that enolase is not located on the surface of C. albicans. Recombinant C. albicans enolase will be useful in understanding the pathogenesis and host immune response in disseminated candidiasis, since enolase is an immunodominant antigen which circulates during disseminated infections.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

GDNF family ligands display distinct action profiles on cultured GABAergic and serotonergic neurons of rat ventral mesencephalon.

Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NRTN), artemin (ARTN) and persephin (PSPN), known as the GDNF family ligands (GFLs), influence the development, survival and differentiation of cultured dopaminergic neurons from ventral mesencephalon (VM). Detailed knowledge about the effects of GFLs on other neuronal populations in the VM is essential for their potential application as therapeutic molecules for Parkinson's disease. Hence, in a comparative study, we investigated the effects of GFLs on cell densities and morphological differentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive (GABA-ir) and serotonin-ir (5-HT-ir) neurons in primary cultures of E14 rat VM. We observed that all GFLs [10 ng/ml] significantly increased GABA-ir cell densities (1.6-fold) as well as neurite length/neuron. However, only GDNF significantly increased the number of primary neurites/neuron, and none of the GFLs affected soma size of GABA-ir neurons. In contrast, only NRTN treatment significantly increased 5-HT-ir cells densities at 10 ng/ml (1.3-fold), while an augmentation was seen for GDNF and PSPN at 100 ng/ml (2.4-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively). ARTN had no effect on 5-HT-ir cell densities. Morphological analysis of 5-HT-ir neurons revealed a significant increase of soma size, number of primary neurites/neuron and neurite length/neuron after GDNF exposure, while PSPN only affected soma size, and NRTN and ARTN failed to exert any effect. In conclusion, we identified GFLs as effective neurotrophic factors for VM GABAergic and serotonergic neurons, demonstrating characteristic individual action profiles emphasizing their important and distinct roles during brain development.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1975

Intraspecific red cell enzyme variation in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina).

The erythrocytes of 350 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were examined for electrophoretic variation of hemoglobin and 26 enzymes. Seven enzymes showed variation in more than 1% of individuals: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase-1, soluble NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase, peptidase A, peptidase C, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase, and acid phosphatase. Variation with lesser frequency was found in soluble glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, phosphoglycerate kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin. Only eight samples were tested for esterase D, and one of these had a variant phenotype. Enzymes with no clear variation were adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase), phosphoglucomutase-3, and superoxide dismutase. There was father-to-son transmission of PGI, PGM-1, peptidase C, 6PGD, 2,3-DPGAM, NADP-ICD, and acid phosphatase variants, suggesting that these loci are autosomal as in man.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗