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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Continuous vectorcardiography in acute myocardial infarction. Natural course of ST and QRS vectors.

We made continuous recordings of the X, Y and Z Frank leads in 43 patients with their first myocardial infarction admitted within 4 hours of the onset of pain. Sequential hourly analysis of the ST and QRS vector changes during the first 24 hours was performed. In short-term survivors (n = 38) mean serial changes of ST vectors showed an initial rapid decline until the 8th-10th hour, whereas QRS vector changes lasted longer and were completed within 13.5 +/- 3.6 hours (inferior infarction) and 10.2 +/- 2.4 hours (anterior infarction) respectively. The initial ST vector magnitude was significantly correlated to the subsequent cumulative QRS vector change (r = 0.82). The individual ST vector changes showed a rapid decline in 33 of 38 patients (87%), whereas in 5 patients the ST vector magnitude increased to reach its maximum after 4-6 hours. After the initial decline new increases of the ST vector magnitude was noted in 16 patients on 20 occasions. In 13 instances this was associated with recurrent pain. The spatial change of ST vector direction with reference to the initial direction was significantly greater when recurrent ST rises were accompanied by additional QRS vector changes, compared to those without associated QRS changes (P less than 0.025). The individual QRS vector slopes could be characterized as (1) monophasic (n = 21, 55%), (2) polyphasic (n = 11, 29%) and (3) irregular (n = 6, 16%). We conclude that continuous vectorcardiography is a suitable method for following ST and QRS vector changes that accompany acute myocardial infarction and that ST vector changes can be used to predict subsequent QRS vector changes.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Arrestins and two receptor kinases are upregulated in Parkinson's disease with dementia.

Arrestins and G proteins-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) regulate signaling and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors. We investigated changes in the expression of arrestins and GRKs in the striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease without (PD) or with dementia (PDD) at postmortem using Western blotting and ribonuclease protection assay. Both PD and PDD groups had similar degree of dopamine depletion in all striatal regions. Arrestin proteins and mRNAs were increased in the PDD group throughout striatum. Protein and mRNA of GRK5, the major subtype in the human striatum, and GRK3 were also upregulated, whereas GRK2 and 6 were mostly unchanged. The PD group had lower concentration of arrestins and GRKs than the PDD group. There was no statistical link between the load of Alzheimer's pathology and the expression of these signaling proteins. Upregulation of arrestins and GRK in PDD may confer resistance to the therapeutic effects of levodopa often observed in these patients. In addition, increased arrestin and GRK concentrations may lead to dementia via perturbation of multiple signaling mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Modelling postmortem surface cooling in continuously changing environmental temperature.

Heat loss depends on the temperature gradient between body surface and environment. Skin cooling data in the forensic literature are scarce and models for skin cooling have not been developed. The dependence on the environmental temperature is a general problem in modelling postmortem cooling processes; most models of rectal cooling are therefore restricted to constant ambient temperatures. Since surface in contrast to core temperatures are highly sensitive to changes of ambient temperature, a model for skin cooling has to take into account such changes. The present study provides an estimator for the time-dependent function of the temperature decrease of the skin and presents a model of the cooling process. The formulae are developed on the basis of skin cooling data of the exposed skin of the forehead in a 40-year-old female (163 cm, 62.1 kg). The single exponential Newtonian model for the surface temperature T(S) valid for constant environmental temperature T(E):T(S)(t)=(T(S)(0)-T(E))e(-lambda(t))+T(E) is localized to small time intervals. By Taylor series expansions a differential equation directly providing an estimator for the temperature decrease rate lambda is derived. The solution of this differential equation represents the extended Newtonian model valid for non-constant environmental temperatures and non-constant temperature decrease rates. The extended model is tested successfully by reinserting the estimated values for the temperature decrease rate: the reconstructed and the measured skin temperature decrease curves completely overlap each other. The temperature decrease rate is a function of the difference between skin and environmental temperature and of the actual change of the skin temperature. A scatter plot of this function shows a structured cloud of points lying in one plane. The temperature decrease rate can thus be parametrized by a simple affine equation with three coefficients determined by linear regression. Inserting the affine equation in the extended Newtonian model leads to an inhomogeneous, non-linear differential equation which is solved by recursion. With knowledge of the initial temperature and the course of the environmental temperature the decrease of the skin temperature can be predicted with very good results. The model is validated with good results in 12 further experimental skin cooling curves of ten different individuals.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spinal arachnoiditis. What is the clinical spectrum? II. Arachnoiditis induced by Pantopaque/autologous blood in dogs, a possible model for human disease.

Experimentally induced chronic arachnoiditis was studied over a one-year period in beagle dogs. All animals demonstrated severe extensive changes at postmortem which were strikingly similar to those reported in man. Arachnoid inflammation, fibrosis, and adhesions were often associated with nerve roots embedded in collagen. These changes were present in all four experimental dogs, and were absent in four controls. In spite of having pathologically severe changes of arachnoiditis, two of four dogs appeared clinically normal. We suggest that the clinical appearance of chronic arachnoiditis in this animal model may reflect the human experience, wherein presentations may vary from merely complaints of back pain to severe sensory-motor impairment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Studies of potassium and sodium in ischemic changes of the human myocardium].

The results are presented of investigations concerning the potassium-sodium ratio in the human myocardium under ischaemia in correlation with macroreaction to dehydrogenases. The values found, though approaching those of the familiar experimental results, can hardly be regarded as reliable in diagnosing early ischaemic changes in autopsy material since they are affected by post-mortem changes.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Glycophorin in forensic medicine].

Immunohistological evidence of glycophorin from paraffin sections of tissues fixed with formol, makes its possible to visualize membranes of preserved erythrocytes and fragments after their disintegration. This fact permits even after development of post-mortem changes to differentiate actual extravasation, manifested by a positive finding of glycophorin from mere infiltration of tissue by blood pigment after death, where glycophorin is lacking. The method is very sensitive and can reveal even very discrete haemorrhage. From different grades of erythrocyte disintegration in haematomas in the same subject sometimes conclusions can be drawn also on the different time of development of traumatic tissue changes.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMed1975

Measurement of the viscosity of synovial fluid.

An account is given of a viscometer which can be used for measuring the viscosity of synovial fluid when only small quantities are avaliable (0.15 ml) and taking into account the non-Newtonian character of the fluid. A technical description of the apparatus is given. A series of experiments are reported in which bovine synovial fluid was used to study whether and what changes took place in connection with storage, alterations in temperature, and post mortem. It was shown that storage at 4 degrees C for up to 2 weeks did not cause any particular changes, that alterations in temperature from room temperature to body temperature resulted in a moderate decrease in the relative viscosity, and that changes found 6 hours post mortem seemed to be insignificant. The conclusion drawn from the experiments is that the apparatus can be regarded as suitable for use in a more comprehensive study of the changes in viscosity which occur in various joint diseases.

Animals↗