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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Computing minimum description length for robust linear regression model selection.

A minimum description length (MDL) and stochastic complexity approach for model selection in robust linear regression is studied in this paper. Computational aspects and implementation of this approach to practical problems are the focuses of the study. Particularly, we provide both algorithms and a package of S language programs for computing the stochastic complexity and proceeding with the associated model selection. A simulation study is then presented for illustration and comparing the MDL approach with the commonly used AIC and BIC methods. Finally, an application is given to a physiological study of triathlon athletes.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

A strategy for statistical Master Person Index linking.

A linking program used by Connecticut Healthcare Information Management and Exchange to maintain the Master Person Index for its large, state-wide patient data repository is being stretched beyond its limits by the growing size and complexity of the database. This paper presents the early work into developing a second-generation linking program. Like the original program, the new linker will use a unique multi-step process to allow effective linking of data from a large number of dissimilar data sources. The new linker will use parallel multi-processing to allow improved performance and scalability. These changes will also make possible more sophisticated statistical methods of defining link confidence. The system is implemented using a scalable collection of inexpensive, PC based systems running the Linux operating system, a freely available database engine, and the Java programming language.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuropeptide Y: its diversity and the apparent contradictoriness of its functions. An analysis of its possible mediated effects].

The review of NPY functions summarizes so fare accumulated data of its physiological effects. The estimation of heterogeneity of NPY receptors in responding reactions is made. The analysis of possible direct and indirect NPY effects is performed including cascade mechanism of other peptides releasing. Peptide cascade regulation modeling software created on database programming language Visual FoxPro 5.0 allows to trace several induction steps and estimate possible contribution of each peptide into final spectrum of biological activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Return on investment (ROI) analysis in the face of uncertainty

Calculation of return on investment should be as easy as knowing the cost and the benefit and doing the math. Unfortunately in medical informatics rarely do we know the benefit with absolute certainty. Often the benefit is a combination of "fuzzy" ill defined concepts. In order to support the ROI analysis for medical information systems we developed a probabilistic time varying model that allows each of the fuzzy concepts of savings to be expressed as a likelihood distribution rather than a fixed value. The model and an interactive simulator were created using the graphical programming language G (National Instruments, Dallas,TX). This tools allows rapid prototyping and drag and drop ease of customizing the model to the particular clinical setting. The resulting ROI is expressed in terms of likelihoods, potential risk and confidence intervals providing a unique view of the financial analysis not typically available. In this paper an example is illustrated for perioperative information systems.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of cardiovascular regulation.

Adequate characterization of hemodynamic and autonomic responses to physical and mental stress can elucidate underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular disease or anxiety disorders. We developed a physiological signal processing system for analysis of continuously recorded ECG, arterial blood pressure (BP), and respiratory signals using the programming language Matlab. Data collection devices are a 16-channel digital, physiological recorder (Vitaport), a finger arterial pressure transducer (Finapres), and a respiratory inductance plethysmograph (Respitrace). Besides the conventional analysis of the physiological channels, power spectral density and transfer functions of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure variability are used to characterize respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), 0.10-Hz BP oscillatory activity (Mayer-waves), and baroreflex sensitivity. The arterial pressure transducer waveforms permit noninvasive estimation of stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance. Time trends in spectral composition of indices are assessed using complex demodulation. Transient dynamic changes of cardiovascular parameters at the onset of stress and recovery periods are quantified using a regression breakpoint model that optimizes piecewise linear curve fitting. Approximate entropy (ApEn) is computed to quantify the degree of chaos in heartbeat dynamics. Using our signal processing system we found distinct response patterns in subgroups of patients with coronary artery disease or anxiety disorders, which were related to specific pharmacological and behavioral factors.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of software in the study of carotid artery in the neck.

The aim of this work was to develop and employ software for the study of the common carotid artery and its branches in the neck. We first constructed geometric models of anatomic components, for the building of knowledge bases to be used in automatic feature extraction techniques from images. Then, we developed a software system characterised by three-dimensional visualisation, image processing functions, knowledge base and a programming language to describe classification processing by means of fuzzy logic. The software system was used to perform automatic reconstruction of three-dimensional models of carotid arteries from contiguous CT scans of the neck. These findings suggest that such software systems represent a useful help in the study of image based diagnosis of carotid arteries.

Carotid Artery, Common↗
PubMed2003

Absolute coronary risk analyser--a tool for managing coronary heart disease risk.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to develop a coronary risk analyser which can calculate authentically the absolute coronary risk of an individual for coronary risk management. METHODS AND RESULTS: After extensive literature survey was done to derive the most appropriate method to calculate the absolute coronary risk. Joint British recommendations derived from Framingham's heart study were adopted for its supreme sensitivity and specificity. A windows based software is developed using Visual basic programming language. The software is easily installable in any pentium PC with windows operating system and requires entry of a detailed medical profile of an individual for the calculation of absolute coronary risk. CONCLUSION: Coronary risk analyser developed by DEBEL effectively calculates the absolute coronary risk of an individual over 2, 5 or 10 years and stores the patient's data properly. The software is a tool to manage the coronary risk of a patient in the field of preventive cardiology.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2004

Applicational possibilities of linear and non-linear (polynomial) regression and analysis of variance. III. Stability determination of pharmaceutical preparations: stability of diclofenac-sodium in Diclofen injections.

This paper presents the application of the regression analysis program and the program for comparing linear regressions (modified method for one-way, analysis of variance), writtens in BASIC program language, for instance, determination of content of Diclofenac-Sodium (active ingredient in DIKLOFEN injections, ampules á 75 mg/3 ml). Stability testing of Diclofenac-Sodium was done by isothermic method of accelerated aging at 4 different temperatures (30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees and 60 degrees C) as a function of time (4 different duration of treatment: (0-155, 0-145, 0-74 and 0-44 days). The decrease in stability (decrease in the mean value of the content of Diclofenac-Sodium (in %), at different temperatures as a function of time, is possible to describe by, linear dependance. According to the value for regression equation values, the times are assessed in which the content of Diclofenac-Sodium (in %) will decrease by 10%, of the initial value. The times are follows at 30 degrees C 761.02 days, at 40 degrees C 397.26 days, at 50 degrees C 201.96 days and at 60 degrees C 58.85 days. The estimated times (in days) in which the mean value for Diclofenac-Sodium content (in %) will by 10% of the initial values, as a junction of time, are most suitably described by 3rd order parabola. Based on the parameter values which describe the 3rd order parabola, the time was estimated in which Diclofenac-Sodium content mean value (in %) will fall by 10% of the initial one at average ambient temperatures of 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The times are: 1409.47 days (20 degrees C) and 1042.39 days (25 degrees C). Based on the value for Fischer's coefficien (F), the comparison of trenf of Diclofenac-Sodium content (in %) shows that, under the influence of different temperatures as a function of time, among them, depending on temperature value, there is: statistically very significant difference (P << .05) at 50 degrees C and lower toward 60 degrees C, i.e. statistically probably significant difference (P > 0.01) at 40 degrees C and lower towards 50 degrees C and there is no statistically significance difference (P >> 0.05) at 30 degrees C towards 40 degrees C.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Development of a robotic navigation and fracture fixation system.

The use of robotics in surgery is nothing new. However, there are areas of surgery, such as in fracture fixation, where robots have yet to be implemented. This paper considers the choice of robot, gripper and ancillary equipment together with navigation systems necessary for their application. Hitherto robots have seen operation in surgery only in cases where relatively low manipulation forces are required. Nothing yet exists with the capability of handling forces in excess of 200 Newton as would be required in the above scenario. Another encumbrance to robots which are already in medical use is the difficulty in programming. Unfortunately most of these robots are programmed by specialists for a particular application. However, there exists a number of robot programming languages, like Unimation VA-LII (recently superceded by Stäubli V+), which do not require specialist knowledge. The application of industrial robots to the "heavier" side of modern surgery is without doubt technically realisable. The remainder of this research project aims to determine exactly which robots and what ancilliary equipment are needed and then to implement them, first on plastic models and later on cadavers. A second phase is expected to deal with type approval and a final third phase with operations on live patients.

Fracture Fixation↗
PubMed2003

[MapDraw: a microsoft excel macro for drawing genetic linkage maps based on given genetic linkage data].

MAPMAKER is one of the most widely used computer software package for constructing genetic linkage maps.However, the PC version, MAPMAKER 3.0 for PC, could not draw the genetic linkage maps that its Macintosh version, MAPMAKER 3.0 for Macintosh,was able to do. Especially in recent years, Macintosh computer is much less popular than PC. Most of the geneticists use PC to analyze their genetic linkage data. So a new computer software to draw the same genetic linkage maps on PC as the MAPMAKER for Macintosh to do on Macintosh has been crying for. Microsoft Excel,one component of Microsoft Office package, is one of the most popular software in laboratory data processing. Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is one of the most powerful functions of Microsoft Excel. Using this program language, we can take creative control of Excel, including genetic linkage map construction, automatic data processing and more. In this paper, a Microsoft Excel macro called MapDraw is constructed to draw genetic linkage maps on PC computer based on given genetic linkage data. Use this software,you can freely construct beautiful genetic linkage map in Excel and freely edit and copy it to Word or other application. This software is just an Excel format file. You can freely copy it from ftp://211.69.140.177 or ftp://brassica.hzau.edu.cn and the source code can be found in Excel's Visual Basic Editor.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Possibilities of computer-assisted processing of the results of an examination of the visual system].

The authors present the first results of examining the vision system with the use of an automated programmed complex realized in the 'C' program language in the IBM and Dos operation system, that helped present in a chart the distribution of the ocular light sensitivity and time of the sensomotor reaction in every site of the visual field of 40-50 degrees. The results evidence that computer-aided methods may be effectively used to assess the light sensitivity of the eye, contrast sensitivity, space summation, rod and cone interactions, the topography of color photoreceptors, and the function of the posterior section of the eye in abnormalities of the retina and the optic nerve, as well as to monitor visual function rehabilitation after treatment.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed2005

End-to-end Encryption for SMS Messages in the Health Care Domain.

The health care domain has a high level of expectation on security and privacy of patient information. The security, privacy, and confidentiality issues are consistent all over the domain. Technical development and increasing use of mobile phones has led us to a situation in which SMS messages are used in the electronic interactions between health care professionals and patients. We will show that it is possible to send, receive and store text messages securely with a mobile phone with no additional hardware required. More importantly we will show that it is possible to obtain a reliable user authentication in systems using text message communication. Programming language Java is used for realization of our goals. This paper describes the general application structure, while details for the technical implementation and encryption methods are described in the referenced articles. We also propose some crucial areas where the implementation of encrypted SMS can solve previous lack of security.

Cell Phone↗
PubMed2006

Xenophobia, ethnic community, and immigrant youths' friendship network formation.

Immigrant youth often rebuild their friendships and other social networks after arriving in a new country. The difficulties involved can threaten their psychosocial development. Formation of social networks needs to be understood within the macro sociocultural context that shapes the experience. Nonetheless, the current literature on social network formation rarely captures that context. Knowledge about immigrant youths' social network, for example, is often embedded in assimilation, ethnic identity, and adaptation literature. This paper examines how the sociocultural context enables immigrant youth to rebuild their friendship networks. A critical ethnography was conducted in the northwest region of the United States. Sixteen Taiwanese immigrant youth and their parents (N = 13) participated in the study. Data collection consisted of semi-structured in-depth interviews, a demographic questionnaire, and participant observations. The findings showed that because of limited English proficiency, the youth kept at a distance from American peers to avoid nervousness and embarassment. Further analysis, derived from xenophobia, found that limited English proficiency increases segregation between American peers ("we") and immigrant youth ("the other"). The English as a Second Language program inadvertently perpetuates the immigrants' sense of "otherness" and increases the odds of their becoming targets of discrimination. A protective factor for these youths is living near an ethnic community because the inclusion of coethnics increases new friendship networks. Knowledge about the teen culture in coethnics' countries of origin (China, Hong Kong, or the United States), also influences their selection of friends.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

[The dynamic concision for three-dimensional reconstruction of human organ built with virtual reality modeling language (VRML)].

This research studies the process of dynamic concision and 3D reconstruction from medical body data using VRML and JavaScript language, focuses on how to realize the dynamic concision of 3D medical model built with VRML. The 2D medical digital images firstly are modified and manipulated by 2D image software. Then, based on these images, 3D mould is built with VRML and JavaScript language. After programming in JavaScript to control 3D model, the function of dynamic concision realized by Script node and sensor node in VRML. The 3D reconstruction and concision of body internal organs can be formed in high quality near to those got in traditional methods. By this way, with the function of dynamic concision, VRML browser can offer better windows of man-computer interaction in real time environment than before. 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision with VRML can be used to meet the requirement for the medical observation of 3D reconstruction and has a promising prospect in the fields of medical image.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a parallel implementation of the learning portion of the backward error propagation neural network: experiments in artifact identification.

Various methods have been proposed in an attempt to solve problems in artifact and/or alarm identification including expert systems, statistical signal processing techniques, and artificial neural networks (ANN). ANNs consist of a large number of simple processing units connected by weighted links. To develop truly robust ANNs, investigators are required to train their networks on huge training data sets, requiring enormous computing power. We implemented a parallel version of the backward error propagation neural network training algorithm in the widely portable parallel programming language C-Linda. A maximum speedup of 4.06 was obtained with six processors. This speedup represents a reduction in total run-time from approximately 6.4 hours to 1.5 hours. We conclude that use of the master-worker model of parallel computation is an excellent method for obtaining speedups in the backward error propagation neural network training algorithm.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

The MAClinical Workstation Project at Georgetown University.

The intent of the MAClinical Workstation Project is to develop computer workstations for medical students of the sort they will use in future medical practice. The idea is to instill information query habits in the daily clinical activities of these young physicians-in-training. The Georgetown University Medical Center Library spearheads the project in conjunction with the School of Medicine. The library handles technical support, including software development, user training, equipment maintenance, and network installations. The project began in 1988 with nine Macintosh computers; today thirty machines are distributed throughout the Georgetown University Hospital conference rooms, faculty and resident offices, and at four affliated hospitals. The Macintosh computers are connected to the medical center's local area network (LAN) with access to the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) and Library Information System (LIS) databases. The MAClinical workstations serve multiple educational purposes in the clinical setting. Primarily, students gain experience in medical informatics by using a variety of software systems installed at the stations: the H&P Writer, a history and physical system written in the C programming language, can be used by students to prepare the admission record on patients they examine; also, students can keep patient records, check findings against a diagnostic system, look up drugs and treatment protocols, develop medical sketches, and find additional information when needed in the medical literature.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1991

Digitally calibrated eye movement measurement system.

A less expensive instrumentation alternative to record horizontal eye movements is presented in the form of a feasibility study. Currently, there are several techniques used to accurately measure eye position for research purposes. To implement these techniques, significant financial resources are required. The proposed technique costs less than $3000.00 and is based upon the limbus position technique. A linear charged coupled device (CCD) image array sensor and a biconvex lens are used to determine the position of the pupil. The self scanned CCD array is controlled by four analog clock signals generated from digital logic. The CCD video output signal is converted to a TTL compatible signal. The TTL signal is used to create a digital number based upon the limbus image formation upon the CCD pixels. This digital number is processed using standard signal acquisition techniques and is recorded on the hard drive disk of an IBM PC/AT compatible system. The C programming language is used to acquire the data and control calibration of the system. FORTRAN software is used to implement digital signal processing algorithms and estimate eye position.

Calibration↗