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PubMed1993

Pulmonary and platelet function in mild form of Hb H disease.

Pulmonary function abnormality, arterial hypoxemia and platelet hyperaggregation were commonly seen in severe or moderately severe thalassemic patients. In previous studies, these abnormalities were found in beta-thalassemia, beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease and Hb H disease in 62, 40 and 52%, respectively. However these functional abnormalities in mild form of Hb H disease have not yet been reported. Pulmonary function test by using standard spirometry, platelet aggregation and arterial blood gases were performed in 23 children with mild form of Hb H disease, whose age ranged from 6-18 years (average 11 years), and hematocrit status was 30-40%. Mild to moderate degree of restrictive lung disorder was found in 48% of these patients, 5% had mild platelet hyperaggregation and none of these had arterial hypoxemia. This study showed that a pulmonary function defect was noted as one significant finding in thalassemic patients, being noted even in the very mild form and early age of life. This information will lead to further exploration of the pathogenesis of pulmonary function defects as well as their role is the patients' future health and prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory function in post-laryngectomy patients related to stomal size.

Thirty-nine laryngectomized patients from the Professorial Unit of The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, were recalled between 6 months and 18 years after operation. The tracheal and stomal diameters were measured and, in addition to a full general examination, respiratory function tests (including arterial blood gas estimations) were performed. Most patients had impaired respiratory function tests which were in excess of the expected impairment due to age alone. The study suggests that impaired function is due to intercurrent pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, rather than anatomical factors related to the changed upper airway. There was no correlation between stomal size or tracheal/stomal cross sectional area ratio and the measured respiratory function.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[A comparison of respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function tests and endurance in patients with early and late stage ankylosing spodylitis].

BACKGROUND: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a multisystemic disease in which pulmonary function is altered owing mainly to the restriction of chest wall involvement. A restrictive ventilatory defect has been extensively reported. This has been suggested to be a consequence of reduced mobility of the thoracic cage. Respiratory function in AS shows a typical restrictive pattern but pulmonary compliance, diffusion capacity, and arterial blood gases are normal. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to compare pulmonary function tests (PFT), respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP) and endurance (MVV) in early and late AS. METHODS: A total of 35 patients (30 males, 5 females) took part, all of whom met the New York criteria for AS. Patients were divided into two groups for the comparison of early (disease duration <10 years, 20 patients) and late (disease duration >10 years, 15 patients) manifestations in pulmonary function tests, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, dyspnea score, chest expansion, and BASFI score. In addition, 21 healthy controls were compared with the AS patients. Measurement of chest expansion was performed in all subjects. Pulmonary function tests were performed by spirometry. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated by a mouth pressure meter (MPM). Functional status was assessed by BASFI in all AS patients. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in body mass index between the groups. The FVC and FEV(1) were significantly lower in late AS (p=0.003, p=0.03, restrictive ventilatory defect ). Chest expansion was significantly lower in late AS (p<0.05). There was no significant difference for MIP or MEP values between late AS, early AS and the controls (p>0.05). Endurance (MVV) was significantly lower in late AS patients (p=0.05). Although the BASFI and dyspnea scores were higher in late AS, they did not reach significant levels. In addition, age was negatively correlated with MIP and MEP in late AS (r=-0.733; p=0.02, r=-0.667; p=0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that FVC and FEV(1) (hallmarks of a restrictive pattern), MVV (endurance) and chest expansion are especially involved in long-standing AS. Therefore, improvement of the thoracic cage should be taken into consideration, especially in early AS. These patients should be encouraged to make regular respiratory exercises for preventing the limitation of chest expansion and also improving cardiopulmonary fitness and respiratory endurance.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Associations between markers of respiratory morbidity in European children.

School-aged children often experience acute respiratory symptoms. In a multicentre European study, the association between chronic respiratory symptoms (reported in a questionnaire), skin-prick test results, and lung function, and the occurrence of acute respiratory morbidity, was examined among children aged 6-12 yrs with chronic respiratory symptoms. Children with chronic respiratory symptoms, living in 10 European countries, were selected from a parent-completed questionnaire (n=4,307). Atopy was measured with skin-prick tests, and lung function with spirometry. A total of 1,854 (86% of those in the initial cohort) children kept a successful daily diary regarding their respiratory symptoms for 2-3 months. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, children with asthmatic symptoms, particularly those with doctor-diagnosed asthma, had a greater risk of occurrence of lower respiratory symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 6.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.99-8.35) than children with a dry nocturnal cough as their only symptom. Atopy, particularly a positive reaction to indoor allergens, was significantly associated with occurrence of lower respiratory symptoms. For atopy the OR was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.34-1.96). A reduced level of maximal mid-expiratory flow was associated with an increased risk of lower respiratory symptoms, cough and phlegm. The associations were similar in Scandinavia, Central Eastern, Western and Southern Europe. To conclude, asthmatic symptoms reported in a questionnaire, atopic status and a reduced level of maximal mid-expiratory flow were associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms, especially those of lower respiratory symptoms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[The present and future of the pulmonary function tests. The relationship between respiratory and non-respiratory function].

Pulmonary function is classified as respiratory and non-respiratory function. Respiratory pulmonary function involves exchange of O2 and CO2 gas at alveolar units in the lung and non-respiratory pulmonary function concerns metabolism of enzymes, hormones, surfactants vaso-active substances and immunological factors in the lung. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between respiratory and non-respiratory function using our newly developed expired NO gas continuous analytic method and the calculation method of ventilatory energy of the lung. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between arterial blood O2 pressure (PaO2) and mitochondrial function.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Collageno-vascular diseases and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. An analysis of diagnostic tests].

Collagenovascular diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, LES and scleroderma frequently involve the lung. A group of 15 patients with collagen vasculopathies was analysed with a view to identifying the most suitable invasive and noninvasive tests for the diagnosis of the interstitial fibrosis of the lung that often accompanies such disorders. Among the noninvasive tests only the respiratory function tests (especially DLCO) are adequately sensitive, while chest X-rays, gallium scintigraphy of the lung and ACE are relatively unreliable. Bronchoalveolar lavage is often altered (though the intensity varies considerably) and transbronchial biopsy appears to be the ideal diagnostic examination.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Characteristics of airway involvement in relapsing polychondritis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of airway involvement in relapsing polychondritis (RP). METHODS: The clinical data, including clinical manifestations, respiratory function test, computerized tomography (CT), and bronchoscopy of 38 out of the 56 RP patients who had airway involvement, 20 males and 18 females, with the mean onset age of 45 +/- 11 (27 - 71), and 3 RP patients without airway involvement were retrospectively analyzed. Three patients out of the 16 RP patients who did not have respiratory involvement but underwent respiratory function test, CT, and bronchoscopy were used as controls. RESULTS: The symptoms of airway involvement included cough, expectoration, hoarseness, feeling of suffocation, asthma, and dyspnea. Obstructive disturbance of ventilation was found in 10 and mixed disturbance of ventilation was seen in 2 of the 18 RP patients with airway involvement. The forced expiratory volume in one second, ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, FEF50/FIF50, and maximal mild-expiratory flow of the patients with airway involvement were 1.4 L +/- 0.23 L, 46.0 +/- 4.86, 3.3 L/s +/- 0.67 L/s, 0.3 +/- 0.08, and 0.4 L/s +/- 0.18 L/s respectively, all significantly lower than those of the RP patients without airway involvement (2.5 L +/- 0.09 L, 83.7 +/- 2.24, 6.9 L/s +/- 0.52 L/s, 1.3 +/- 0.51, and 2.8 L/s +/- 0.73 L/s, all P = 0.01). Flow volume loop showed remarkable decrease of PEF and formation of a plateau in the expiratory phase in the RP patients with airway involvement. CT performed in 27 RP patients with airway involvement showed trachea stenosis in 11, and thickened airway wall in 8 of them. Bronchoscopy performed in 23 patients with airway involvement showed inflammation in 16, destruction of tracheobronchial cartilage in 6, collapsed tracheobronchial wall in 7, tracheal stenosis in 15, left major bronchial stenosis in 13, and right major bronchial stenosis in 12 of them. CONCLUSION: Respiratory function test is sensitive in early detection of airway involvement in RP. Bronchoscopy and CT are useful in evaluation of the severity of airway involvement in patients with RP.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Does acid reflux cause pulmonary disease?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastroesophageal reflux is considered as a factor in pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to assess whether gastroesophageal reflux is associated with abnormalities in lung function in patients without respiratory disease. METHODS: Forty- four patients with reflux symptoms were studied prospectively. Standardized methods of esophageal manometry and ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH testing were used throughout the study period, along with a standardized reflux and respiratory symptom questionnaire. Spirometric measurements were performed in all patients. RESULTS: Reflux to distal esophagus was observed in 9 patients, to proximal esophagus in 4 and to both distal and proximal in 20 of the 44 patients. Eleven patients revealed reflux neither to distal nor proximal esophagus. Respiratory function tests of these groups showed no significant differences (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between esophageal acid events and respiratory function tests. There are no data to answer the question of whether or not reflux precedes onset of cough/asthma. Better-designed prospective cohort studies may provide further insight.

Adult↗