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Results for “Radioallergosorbent Test”

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis: influence of concurrent aspirin administration on skin testing and provocation.

BACKGROUND: Provocation tests in patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) are often negative, even after a sufficient quantity of the implicated food and exercise have been taken. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of aspirin in provocation tests and in skin prick testing (SPT) of patients with FDEIA. Gluten as a major allergen in wheat-dependent FDEIA was also investigated. METHODS: Provocation tests and SPT with suspected foods were performed in 12 patients with FDEIA. Provocation tests were performed with combinations of foods, exercise and aspirin. Detection of gluten-specific IgE was also performed by the CAP System FEIA radioallergosorbent test, SPT and a histamine release test. RESULTS: The SPT reaction was enhanced by pretreatment with oral aspirin in five of eight (62.5) patients. Aspirin facilitated provocation in five of seven (71%) patients tested. Ingestion of wheat and aspirin without exercise provoked symptoms in two patients. Aspirin provoked symptoms even with a small amount of wheat and exercise in one patient. Only the combination of aspirin, wheat and exercise provoked anaphylaxis in one patient. Specific IgE, SPT and/or the histamine release test with gluten were positive in nine of 11 patients with wheat-dependent FDEIA. CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin enhances symptoms of FDEIA, and prior ingestion of aspirin under controlled conditions can be used to confirm FDEIA. In practice, such patients should avoid aspirin ingestion. Gluten appears to be the major allergen in these patients with wheat-dependent FDEIA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Anaphylaxis to penicillins after non-therapeutic exposure: an immunological investigation.

BACKGROUND: There are instances where individuals may come into contact with penicillins without being aware of it. This non-therapeutic exposure from different sources may cause sensitization and even clinical manifestations in subjects allergic to penicillins. OBJECTIVE: To determine the capacity that inadvertent contact with penicillins may have in inducing resensitization and symptoms in patients diagnosed as allergic to penicillins who were followed over a long period of time after their initial evaluation. METHODS: A follow-up study of penicillin-allergic subjects who agreed to be regularly tested for in vitro and in vivo control of their sensitivity. Skin tests were carried out with major and minor determinants of benzylpenicillin (BPO and MDM), amoxicillin (AX), and ampicillin (AMP), and specific IgE antibodies were determined by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). A questionnaire was sent to and answered by the subjects in order to see if they experienced symptoms at any time during the follow-up period. In addition, if any unexplained symptoms occurred, a bleeper system was used to contact the allergy centre. RESULTS: Seven subjects experienced anaphylactic reactions with no obvious cause. At the time of their initial allergic reaction, which was caused by exposure to prescribed penicillin, the subjects had one or more positive skin tests and/or RAST results to penicillin related reagents. However, over the following 2-4 years all their tests became negative. After reporting their unexplained reaction all seven had one or more positive skin tests and/or RAST results again and when retested 1 week later RAST measurements showed that levels of penicillin-specific IgE were maintained or increased. None of the subjects had knowingly received penicillin but the questionnaire showed that six had been exposed to it and in the seventh case exposure was likely. In two cases contact was by sexual intercourse with a partner who was receiving penicillin, three subjects had handled penicillin formulations and one had drunk from a glass previously used for giving penicillin. In the seventh case exposure could have occurred whilst in hospital for surgery, although this was not proven. CONCLUSIONS: these results show that non-therapeutic exposure to penicillin can cause severe symptoms and that in vitro and in vivo testing can help in the diagnosis of such cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Skin tests and cutaneous anergy in children with ocular allergy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate skin tests with clinical ocular allergy and to compare cutaneous hypersensitivity and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in children. CASE-REPORT: A 10-year-old girl presented a typical seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, never treated and the onset occurred one year before. She was skin tested for the allergy. Complete blood tests were also performed. An ocular treatment was given: olopatadine over 45 days. RESULTS: She showed a complete cutaneous anergy including histamine and codeine controls. Radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) found numerous great positivity to different allergens. Within 30 days under ocular treatment, she recovered completely from symptoms and clinical signs. CONCLUSION: Clinical typical seasonal ocular allergy in children with cutaneous anergy should be explored further or at least treated. Cutaneous hypersensitivity should be evaluated more precisely with a larger study comparing results in general allergy and in ocular allergy where the anergy seems to be more frequent.

Child↗

PubMed1981

Fractionation and characterization of allergens extracted from eggs of Schistosoma japonicum.

Allergenic components were partially purified from the crude extract of eggs of Schistosoma japonicum by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Allergenic activity was assayed by the Prausnitz-Küstner type skin test with infected mouse sera and radioallergosorbent test with human ser. S. japonicum egg allergens (JEAL) showed single and three allergenic peaks, by isoelectrofocusing (PI = 4.8) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The molecular weights of JEAL were calibrated 30,000-200,000 by gel filtration. JEAL were adsorbed on the affinity columns of concanavalin A, Lentil lectin and partially wheat germ lectin. JEAL lost their allergenic activity by 0.1M periodate oxidation; however, they were resistant to heating (100 degrees C, 60 min), urea and guanidine. We suppose that the carbohydrate of JEAL is important to the allergenic determinant.

Allergens↗

PubMed1998

IgE binding patterns to German cockroach whole body extract in Korean atopic asthmatic children.

It is widely known that the cockroach is an inhalant allergen in atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Even though Bla g I and Bla g II are considered as the major allergens, several relatively high-molecular weight (MW) cockroach allergens have also been recently identified by IgE-immunoblot in western countries. However, the environmental control and diagnostic tests mainly focussed on Bla g I and Bla g II. Furthermore there is no data about major IgE-binding cockroach antigens in Korea. We performed this study to identify the major German cockroach allergens in Korean atopic children. By the results of allergy skin tests, 14 children with atopic asthma (9 were cockroach-sensitive and 5 were cockroach-nonsensitive atopics) were enrolled in this study. We conducted IgE immunoblot and autoradiographic analysis using Yonsei-extract of German cockroach antigen produced in our laboratory, individual sera from 9 cockroach-sensitive children, and the pooled sera of 5 house-dust-mites-only-sensitive children. We performed an allergic skin test to cockroach mix, and a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using German cockroach crude extract on all subjects. German cockroach-specific IgE was detected in 6 out of 9 subjects by RAST. We identified at least 15 IgE-binding protein bands, and among them, the components of MWs of 76, 64, 50, 38, and < 14 kilodaltons (kDa) were the major German cockroach allergens in study subjects. Therefore, Bla g I (25-30 kDa) and Bla g II (36 kDa) could not be the absolute indicators of German cockroach sensitization and parameters of environmental control.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Sensitization to industrial enzymes in enzyme research and production.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated sensitization to industrial enzymes in Finnish enzyme production and in Finnish laboratories. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 plants producing industrial enzymes and in their product development and research laboratories. Sensitization to enzymes and environmental allergens was examined by skin prick tests and specific immunoglobulin E determinations (radioallergosorbent test). The employees were interviewed for work-related respiratory symptoms. Altogether 173 employees were examined. RESULTS: The skin prick test showed 21 employees (12%) to be sensitized to one or more enzymes. Sixteen positive persons also had specific immunoglobulin E. Atopy was distinctly associated with enzyme sensitization. An exposure-response relationship was found for enzyme sensitization and for respiratory symptoms during work. For sensitization, the exposure-response linear trend was statistically significant. It weakened but remained statistically significant after stratification for atopy. For symptoms, likewise, the exposure-response linear trend was statistically significant, and the statistical significance remained after stratification for atopy. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed that industrial enzymes are potent sensitizers. The handling of dry enzymes in laboratory work may cause sensitization. Sensitization may even follow minute degrees of exposure, such as among office personnel. Atopics are more susceptible to sensitization than nonatopics. Nonatopics are also clearly at risk; the demonstrated exposure-response relationship emphasizes the need for and advantages of proper exposure control.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Allergic fungal sinusitis: report of three cases].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss and analyze the diagnosis and management of allergic fungal sinusitis. METHOD: Three middle-aged patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) were observed. The histological diagnosis was made on the mucous material and allergy evaluation based on the strong history of inhalant mold allergies, a positive result of skin test, total immunoglobulin E level and radioallergosorbent test to fungal antigens. The management included wide local endoscopic sinus debridement, adequate sinus aeration, postoperative use of systemic and intranasal corticosteroid. Systemic antifungal therapy was not used. RESULTS: All 3 patients were immunocompetent and none demonstrated histologic evidence of tissue invasion. Two patients remained disease-free during follow-up ranging for a mean of 16 months, 1 patient recurred 17 months after operation and symptom-free for 2 months after re-cleaning of the sinus cavity. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of AFS required a high index of suspicion. A confirmatory diagnosis was made from the inspissated mucus, clinical and CT findings along with careful communication with mycologists and immunologists about the possibilities of fungal growth and allergy. Costly and lengthy courses of antibiotics, aggressive surgery should be avoided. Surgical debridement and systemic corticosteroids followed by intranasal corticosteroids might provide long-term control of AFS.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Allergic reactions to enzymes used in plant cloning experiments.

We report a case of rhinitis and asthma resulting from exposure to enzymes used in an experimental plant pathology laboratory. Immediate skin-test responses were elicited to both "Cellulase" and "Macerozyme" products, and a large late onset skin reaction occurred at the Cellulase site beginning in 6 hr. Special radioallergosorbent test (RAST) substrates were prepared that showed a strong positive response to Cellulase. By the RAST method other laboratory workers were screened and another symptomatic individual was found who also showed evidence of type I hypersensitivity to both enzymes. Skin biopsy and immunodiffusion data are presented. We conclude that enzymes used to digest cell wall structures of plants are capable of eliciting both immediate and late onset skin-test reactions and positive RAST responses in susceptible persons. These reactions are thought to be mediated by IgE antibodies and can be associated with symptoms of rhinitis and asthma.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Predictive value of in vitro tests for the IgE-dependent and the IgE-independent anaphylactoid reactions to muscle relaxants.

Several aspects of in vitro tests for life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions (AR) to neuromuscular blockers (NMB, muscle relaxants) were addressed and highlighted. They include topics which have been under study in our centre in the past few years. Already available tests and newly developed ones were assessed for diagnostic and predictive value, as well as for usefulness in understanding of mechanism(s) of AR. The theoretical and practical aspects of radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) for antibodies to NMB (particularly IgE), their predictive value and their possible use in "screening" with the hope of preventing AR are discussed. Confirmatory tests after AR include plasma or serum histamine/methylhistamine, tryptase and possibly eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), all of which point to activation of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and possibly other inflammatory cells. Future anesthetics after AR can be guided by measurement of the in vitro release of histamine, leukotrienes and possibly eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and serum antibodies. Antibody studies (mainly IgE by RAST) are valuable for diagnosis and, together with other tests, can throw light on cross-reaction and further clarify the mechanisms of AR. In RAST (IgE)-negative cases of AR, which may be due to immune or nonimmune mechanisms, mediator release measurements are particularly useful. Lymphocyte stimulation tests may also be useful in such cases. RASTs cannot be advocated for general preoperative screening, as yet. Further development or selection of potentially "susceptible" subpopulations may improve the predictive value of these tests.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1991

In vivo and in vitro tests in anaphylactic reactions to anaesthetic agents.

The majority of patients with anaphylactoid reactions (AR) under general anaesthesia showed histamine release from basophil leucocytes (HRL) by neuromuscular blockers in vitro (none in normals) and high levels of serum IgE antibody (detected by the 'new' paper radioallergosorbent test, RAST; little or none in normals) which reacted with the quaternary ammonium group of choline, and less frequently of alcuronium, strongly suggesting that IgE antibody, HRL and AR are related. Skin tests on their own are of limited value.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1989

Efficacy of alternative tests for delayed-cyclic food hypersensitivity.

With the oral challenge food test (OCFT) used as the standard for delayed-cyclic food hypersensitivity diagnosis, blinded comparison studies were accomplished with 175 in vitro food specific IgE and 180 IgG radioallergosorbent tests, 180 food enzyme-linked immune complex assays, and 155 in vivo Multi-Test prick tests. The study was multi-centered, eight physicians and 37 patients participating. All of the compared tests were shown to be approximately 50% efficient when compared with the OCFT results, and, thus, nonefficacious.

Double-Blind Method↗

PubMed1980

Hypersensitivity to inhaled flour allergens. Comparison between cereals.

Radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) of sera from subjects sensitized to wheat and rye flour indicated that there is significant reaction with seed extracts of 12 cereals (wheat, durum wheat, triticale, cereal rye, barley, rye grass, oats, canary grass, rice, maize, sorghum and Johnson grass). Results were evaluated in terms of taxonomic relationships and of the electrophoretically determined protein composition of the cereal extracts. RAST uptakes were uniformly low in sera from four rhinitic bakers, yet were significantly above the levels for non-allergic and cord sera. Much higher RAST uptakes were obtained with sera from four asthmatic bakers when tested with wheat and its close relatives, but there was still reasonably high reactivity with more distantly related cereals. RAST inhibition experiments indicated in a more direct way the extent of cross-reactivity between grain extracts of wheat, rye, barley and oats. One baker had a history of more severe attacks of breathlessness following inhalation of rye flour compared with wheat flour. This was confirmed by bronchial challenge testing, but the comparison was not obviously consistent with the results of prick testing or estimation of histamine released from his leucocytes. The results as a whole suggested that the bran layers of cereal grains are at least as allergenic as flour.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of hyposensitization in feline allergic diseases based upon results of in vitro testing for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E.

A survey was undertaken to evaluate the responses to hyposensitization in cats for which a diagnosis of allergic disease was made by assessment of clinical signs and evaluation of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Eighty-one cases were available for analysis. In 39 cases, a dietary change resulted in some subjective improvement, which usually was minimal; however, some cases had significant improvement. In 75.3% of cases, an improvement of at least 50% was noted and ascribed to a combination of immunotherapy and dietary change, when implemented. The response of the 42 cases in which immunotherapy alone was used or where there was no response to dietary change was broadly similar. Response of the specific dermatological conditions ranged from 93.6% in the case of linear granuloma to 60% in cases where self-induced hair loss was evident. Response also was good in cases of presumed allergic asthma (86.1% improvement) and suspected allergic otitis externa (62.6% improvement). In nine patients, the hyposensitization was discontinued due to lack of response. The results suggest that confirmation of a suspected diagnosis of allergic disease in cats by means of in vitro tests and subsequent therapy with hyposensitization should be a major consideration in feline practice.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Asthma in merchant seamen and laboratory workers caused by allergy to castor beans: analysis of allergens.

Three merchant seamen and two laboratory workers who developed allergic symptoms following exposure to castor beans have been investigated. Bronchial-provocation testing with castor beans in the merchant seamen demonstrated a late reaction in two. Specific IgE against whole castor-bean extract and ricin, ricinus agglutinin and dericinated extracts of castor bean were found in the patients' sera using radioallergosorbent tests (RAST). RAST inhibition, toxocological and haemagglutination tests suggest that the ricin and dericinated extracts contain distinct allergens.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Studies on alternaria allergens. IV. Comparative biochemical and immunological studies of commercial Alternaria tenuis Batches.

The biochemical and immunological characteristics of a series of commercial samples of Alternaria tenuis were examined, including samples from two different companies. There was a considerable variation in the biochemical parameters such as the gel filtration profile on Sephadex G-100, isoelectric focussing pattern and immunodiffusion precipitin band pattern. The content and proportion of two high molecular weight polysaccharides, one a galactomannan and the other a glucan, also varied greatly. In contrast, the allergenic properties of the samples were more consistent. In rat IgE passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests, extensive cross-reactivity was observed among batches from the same company, but this cross-reactivity was weaker when batches from the two companies were compared. In direct radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) the samples showed similar reactivities, but RAST inhibition tests showed a 40-fold range in activity between samples from one company and 55-fold between batches from the two sources. It was found that the proportions of the major A. tenuis allergen and a related hypoallergenic antigen in the samples were relatively constant, hence RAST inhibition can be used as a measure of allergenic potency despite the presence of this cross-reacting antigen. The lack of correlation between allergenic and biochemical properties of the various samples suggest that a simple biochemical test is unlikely to be a satisfactory replacement for the RAST inhibition assay in standardizing A. tenuis extracts.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of allergy to Hymenoptera stings.

In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of systemic reactions to hymenoptera stings in an adult general population, 20-60 years old. The protocol included a standardized questionnaire, skin tests to venom in subjects reporting a history of systemic reaction, and in subjects reporting a history of severe local and systemic reactions, as well as in a control group, a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) to hymenoptera venoms. According to the questionnaire, 1.2% of the study population had a history of systemic reactions. Only 0.85% had both such a history and a positive skin test to venoms. RASTs were positive, for at least one venom, in 57% of subjects with a history of systemic reaction, 15.8% of subjects with a history of severe local reactions, and 6.0% of the control group. In conclusion, this study shows that systemic reactions are not uncommon in the general population. RASTs tests are not sensitive or specific enough to be considered, per se, for indications of allergy to venoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Immunologic studies in cow's milk-induced pulmonary hemosiderosis.

Antibodies to cow's milk proteins (CMP) were studied by radioallergosorbent tests to determine the quantity and immunoglobulin class of these antibodies in nine patients with precipitins to cow's milk. Three of these patients had pulmonary hemosiderosis (PH); in one other patient pulmonary hemosiderosis was suspected, but not proven. Three patients had nonhemosiderosis chronic lung disease and two had other diseases. Age-matched control subjects were also studied. The quantity and immunoglobulin class distribution of antibodies to CMP were similar in all patients; the quantity of anti-CMP antibody was significantly greater in patients than in control subjects (P less than 0.001). In addition, complement-fixing antibody to CMP was not detected in either patients' or controls' sera. Lymphocyte responses to CMP were studied in three patients with PH, three individuals with other manifestations of milk hypersensitivity (positive controls), and nine negative control subjects. Patients and positive control subjects responded to CMP with greater tritiated thymidine incorporation than the negative control subjects (P less than 0.05). However, no significant difference in response to CMP was observed between the PH patients and the positive control subjects. Antibodies to human lung tissue were studied in the sera of all patients with PH and two negative control subjects. Antibodies to human lung and rat lung were detected in one patient with PH.

Antibodies↗

PubMed2003

Specific immunoglobulin E in patients with immediate persulfate hypersensitivity.

Persulfate salts may cause contact urticaria, allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The mechanism of the immediate reactions has been unclear. Positive prick test, skin application and nasal and bronchial provocations identify immediate allergy. There is only 1 previous report of specific binding of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to ammonium persulfate demonstrated by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). In the present study, fresh 2% ammonium and potassium persulfate solutions were used for prick testing. Patients with positive prick tests were further evaluated with open skin application, immunospot and RAST. Prick testing with persulfate salts was performed in a total of 138 patients. 7 patients had a positive reaction to at least 1 persulfate salt. 6 of the patients had had skin symptoms, urticaria, eczema or angioedema, because of contact with hair bleaches. Open application on healthy skin was performed in 4 patients, and 3 out of them had urticarial reactions. The sera of 5 patients were investigated with immunospot and RAST. On immunospot, specific binding of IgE to human serum albumin (HSA)-conjugated ammonium and potassium persulfate was found in 2 patients. 1 immunospot-positive patient also had a positive RAST to ammonium persulfate-HSA conjugate. The mechanism of immediate hypersensitivity to persulfates thus seems to be IgE-mediated at least in some patients.

Adult↗