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PubMed2001

[A case of inflammatory myopathy worsened by miscarriage with autoimmune disorder-associated disease].

The patient was 42-year-old woman who had exhibited elevated levels of serum creatine kinase(CK) and intermittent weakness of proximal muscles since her thirties. She had a history of palmoplantar pustulosis, Mondor's disease and recurrent miscarriages. Basedow's disease, which had been treated with antithyroid drugs since 37 years of age, recurred during the fourth pregnancy. After the pregnancy was terminated in the sixth week, weakness and grasp pain in the proximal muscles developed. The biopsy of biceps brachii muscle showed necrosis and reconstruction of muscle fibers with equivocal inflammatory cells, which was compatible with the findings for inflammatory myopathy such as polymyositis(PM). She was treated with prednisolone and the weakness and grasp pain in the proximal muscles were resolved. PM beginning during a woman's reproductive period is rare, and few studies have examined the association between PM and pregnancy. In this case, pregnancy and her past diseases were considered to be linked to an autoimmune abnormality that might have contributed to the inflammatory myopathy.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Menopause in women in Novi Sad].

INTRODUCTION: This study deals with the occurrence of menopause in women of Novi Sad during 1996 and 1997 in ambulatory-care services for women of the Health Center Novi Sad. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 640 women, 42-82 years of age. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The mean age at menopause is 49.05 +/- 3.51 years, and median 50.05 +/- 0.17. Menopause in women under the age of 40 has been referred to as premature and it occurred in 16 women (2.49%). In regard to a longer time interval, in 585 women (91.41%) menopause occurred between 45-55 years of age. In our previous study of menarche in Novi Sad, we found that the mean age was 13.07 +/- 1.1 whereas the average reproductive period lasted 35.98 years. CONCLUSION: In order to perform relevant comparison of data in regard to menopause, it is necessary to establish a unified methodology. Foundation of Counseling Centers for menopausal women is desirable in the aim of better understanding their numerous problems during premenopausal and postmenopausal periods.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The prevalence of green muscle disease in turkeys from the Warmia and Mazury province of Poland.

The green muscle disease (GMD), described for the first time in 1968, is a cause of significant losses in the production of turkey meat. Pathological changes of different intensity are found in smaller pectoral muscles on one or both sides of the sternal crest. GMD has been more frequently observed in Poland since 1991 in breeding turkeys of heavy and medium-heavy types assigned to slaughter after completing the reproductive period. The present study deals with the occurrence of this disease in the Warmia and Mazury District of Poland. Characteristic green foci located in small pectoral muscles were found in 4090 out of 26,169 slaughtered turkeys, i.e. in 15.63% of the carcasses investigated. It was established that 2430.5 kg of meat were confiscated what gave 0.59 kg of confiscated meat per head on the average.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Protection of reproductive functions in patients with tumors].

BACKGROUND: Survival from cancer continues to improve. Antimitotic therapy can induce failure of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, gonadal disturbances and infertility. Recent advances in reproductive medicine have opened opportunities for the preservation of reproductive potential of patients with cancer. The aim of our study was to analyse by a multidisciplinary team the contemporary state of art and proposal of the Czech model of fertility preservation starting in childhood and continuing through the whole reproductive period. METHODS: This paper highlights the problems associated with gonadal failure as a consequence of therapy for malignancy in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Analysis of these problems served as a principle for the management strategy for fertility preservation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing treatment for malignancy are at the high risk of gonadal damage and infertility. Therefore, alternative treatments with less gonadal toxicity and different treatment protocols were evaluated. Fertility can be preserved with the freezing and banking of spermatozoa, embryos, and oocytes obtained prior to the cancer treatment. In female patients (starting in puberty) pharmacological preservation of gonads with gonadoliberin analogues is also possible. Chance for the future fertility preservation for children offers freezing and thawing of primordial follicles and spermatozoa obtained during the gonadal biopsies. Long-term follow-up study by a multidisciplinary medical team is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Hormonal and dietary modulation of mammary carcinogenesis in mouse mammary tumor virus-c-erbB-2 transgenic mice.

Exogenous and dietary estrogens have been associated with modification of breast cancer risk. Mammary cancer model systems can be used to explore interactions between specific transgenes, and hormonal and dietary factors. Transgenic mice bearing the rat wild-type erbB-2 gene were used to study the effects of short-term hormonal exposure [17beta-estradiol (E2) or tamoxifen] or a soy meal diet on mammary carcinogenesis. In mice fed a casein diet, mammary tumors developed at an earlier age after short-term E2 exposure during the early reproductive period. The median mammary tumor latency was shortest (29 weeks) for the high-dose estrogen as compared with the lowest dose of E2 treated or placebo control mice (33 and 37 weeks, respectively). The timing of short-term E2 exposure was also important, with the most significant changes observed in mice exposed to E2 between 8 and 18 weeks of age. E2 exposure was associated with the subsequent development of more aggressive tumors as determined by histologic grade, multifocal tumor development, stromal invasion, and pulmonary metastasis. In contrast, short-term tamoxifen-exposed mice generally failed to develop mammary tumors by 60 weeks of age. Mice fed a soy meal diet developed mammary tumors at a later age than casein-fed animals treated with E2 or placebo, whereas no differences were observed by diet for the tamoxifen-treated mice. Mammary tumor prevention was >80% in tamoxifen-treated mice on either diet. Novel histologic tumor types were identified, suggesting greater phenotypic diversity than described previously. Benign mammary gland morphogenesis was also significantly altered by short-term hormonal exposure or dietary factors, consistent with the modification of mammary tumor risk in specific treatment groups. Estrogenic modulation of the mammary tumor phenotype in wild-type erbB-2 transgenic mice was observed. Histologic tumor types and clinical aggressivity not reported previously in this transgenic model were noted, suggesting greater biologic heterogeneity than reported previously. In addition, dietary phytoestrogens modified mammary development and tumor latency, suggesting a need for greater stringency in dietary assignment for transgenic mouse models of mammary neoplasia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[The role of galanin in the endocrine system].

Galanin, a 29-30 amino-acid neuropeptide is distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the pituitary gland, the gastrointestinal tract and also in the pancreas. The endogenous and exogenous effects of galanin are mediated by three receptor subtypes, which are termed: GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. Galanin has a significant role in physiological and pathological processes in adults as well as in children. It has an ability to contract smooth muscles in GI (facilitation and inhibition), stimulates reflexes in the CNS, decreases pancreatic amylase secretion, changes transport of electrolytes Na+ and CL-. It takes part in etiopathogenesis of depression, Alzheimer's disease and diarrhoea, exerts tonic inhibition of nociceptive input to the central nervous system and regulates a function of hypothalamic-pituitary system. Galanin decreases insulin and somatostatin secretion, increases glucagon secretion, takes part in prolactin release, stimulates growth hormone-releasing hormone, hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone and corticotropin releasing hormone. It causes increase of somatotropin secretion, luteinizing hormone and foliculotropin release and adrenocorticotropin secretion. The hypothalamic galanin takes part in etiopathogenesis of obesity not only in human reproductive period, but also in adolescence, increasing the appetite and changing fat metabolism. This variety of actions emphasizes the potential importance of this peptide in the regulation of cells function and the need to understand the mechanism by which they act.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population ecology and fishery of Cittarium pica (Gastropoda: Trochidae) on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.

The West Indian Topshell Cittarium pica is artisanally collected on rocky shores along the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica. There are neither data on the state of its exploitation nor exist any regulation of the fishery From October 2000 to March 2001, the population dynamics of this species were studied at an unexploited and two exploited sites to determine the present impact of the fishery on the resource. Average population density with 14 ind./m2 about three times higher at the unexploited than at the exploited sites. Length-frequency histograms showed a strong shift towards smaller specimens at the exploited sites, which is also reflected in significantly higher rates of total mortality (Z = 4.05 and 4.47) when compared to the unexploited site (Z = 1.47). Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as k = 0.19-0.28 (yr-1) and L infinity = 104 mm. No significant differences were found among sites. From these values a range of the growth performance index phi was computed (phi = 3.31-3.48) which lies at the lower end of the values reported for other tropical marine gastropods. The size at first maturity for both sexes combined was estimated as 29.20 +/- 1.14 mm. Exploitation rates > 0.6 for both exploited sites and a large fraction of small specimens (< 30 mm) in the catches suggest overexploitation and recruitment overfishing. Based on the estimated maximum sustainable yield we recommend regulative measures for the fishery such as a control of a minimum landing size of 40 mm and a closure of the fishery during its reproductive period (from July to November).

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Population genetics of the inhabitants of Northern European USSR. I. Data on the structure of 6 villages in Archangel Oblast].

The paper deals with two demographic characteristics of 6 villages in the Archangelsk Region of the RSFSR (river Peosa region) significant from the genetical standpoint. These data were obtained by means of the examination of 843 persons (75,07% of the total number of inhabitants) and of the analysis of complete list of inhabitants permanently living in the villages studied. The proportion of the reproductivity age class was 28.94%, the numbers of men and woman among them being about equal. The average number of children per family in families that have already completed their reproductive period was 3.87, the variance being 4.51 (the data obtained on the basis of examination of over 90 families). The average age of marriage was established to be about 24 years, the duration of each generation being about 32 years. The average index of endogamy per village was observed to be 58.40%, the contribution of the gametes of the preceding generation per village being 72.86%. The migrational influx of gametes from other localities per total of 6 villages was 2.52%. It was shown by the comparison of the character of migrations with mathematical models that the matrix migrational model is the most adequate one.

Family Characteristics↗
PubMed1992

[Experience of surgical treatment for colorectal endometriosis: report of 6 cases].

Endometriosis is a common disease with 8-15% occurrence in women during their reproductive period. Involvement of the bowel wall occurs rather frequently and probably presents in 12-34% of patient with pelvic endometriosis. However, it is classically asymptomatic and difficult to find out. From 1977 to 1987, we had six patients of colorectal endometriosis with mainly bowel symptoms. Five of them were located at rectum and sigmoid colon, one at the hepatic flexure of colon. All of the cases developed constipation or diarrhea, and four of them had severe abdominal pain. Four cases developed rectal bleeding. Previous operation for pelvic endometriosis was noted in two cases. The detailed examination included digital examination, endoscopy, barium enema and CT scan. Suspected malignancy was the indication for surgery in 4 cases and one in rectal stenosis. Low diagnostic rate was due to the fact that endometrial tissue rarely infiltrates the mucosa. Therefore, pathology of biopsied specimen often reveals non-conclusive finding to prevent differential diagnosis. However bowel resection offers conclusive diagnosis and chances of cure. In our study, only one suspected endometriosis case received bilateral oophorectomy. The stenotic segment of rectum restored to normal caliber after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1964

THE INDICATIONS FOR DILATATION AND CURETTAGE.

Historical aspects of dilatation and curettage are discussed and the indications reviewed for this procedure in three major age-groups: (1) childhood and adolescence, (2) maturity and reproductive period, (3) menopause and post-menopause. As the most frequently performed obstetrical and gynecological procedure, it is not an innocuous operation, and clear-cut indications for its use are presented with reference to abnormal vaginal bleeding in all age groups, infertility, functional ovarian tumours, neoplasia of the uterus, cervical biopsy, and major pelvic surgery. It is concluded that dilatation and curettage has a major place in the diagnostic and the therapeutic armamentarium of the thorough obstetrician and gynecologist.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2003

Prevention of carcinoma cervix: role of Pap smear screening.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of Cervical precancerous and Cancer pick up by single pap smear test. A prospective study of pap smear test of three years duration 2000-2002 in Obstetrics and Gynecology department, NMCTH, Kathmandu. A total 800 cases were included Maximum number of patients are in the age group of active reproductive period (21-40 yr) with higher rate of an abnormal smear in Brahmin ethnic group. The main complaints are of lower abdominal pain and white discharge per vaginum. The main cervical pathology is cervicitis, cervical erosion and cervical hypertrophied with bleeding on touch. 4.8% of the patients had abnormal smear including three patients with invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma detected on pap smear test. This study shows that routine pap smear screening in patients attending gynecological OPD is the good method of detecting precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesion and early cervical cancer, which would go undiagnosed otherwise with worst morbidity and mortality. We should try to cover 100% screening if possible in an institution at least to begin with.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationships between basic life history parameters and population size].

We consider an ideal population with a stable age composition changing according Lotka equation. Additional assumptions are made concerning the constancy of population size, independence of specific mortality rate on age, and linear dependence of female fecundity on its weight. A relationship has been obtained [formula: see text] where N0 is initial numbers of a generation, N[alpha, omega] is total numbers of the mature part of the population, w[alpha, omega] is a mean weight of a mature individual, s is sex ratio, c is specific fecundity (per unit of weight) and l0 is the probability of larval surviving. The growth of an individual is described by the Bertalanffy function. Methods of calculation of life history parameters are discussed. A method is proposed to calculate the age of maturity (alpha) and at the end (omega) of the reproduction period as first and second inflection points of the growth rate curve. Based upon data on development of 27 populations of several species of fishes of inland waters of Russia the following relationship have been obtained: [formula: see text] for populations with [formula: see text] < or = 100 g, [formula: see text] for populations with [formula: see text] > 100 g, and [formula: see text] for all populations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Limnetic zooplankton run-off a high-head dam and their fate in a river with high current velocity (case of the Krasnoiarsk hydroelectric power station on the Yenisei river].

The vertical distribution of net zooplankton in head-water of Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station and its horizontal distribution in the tail-water were studied during two years in winter and summer seasons. In order to distinguish living and dead individuals the special staining was used. It was revealed that on average 77% of living plankton pass through high-head dam with deep water scoop to the tailwater. While passing through dam aggregates some individuals of the reservoir plankton are traumatized and die, that results in some increase of portion of dead individuals in the tail water near dam (from 3 to 6%). Alive zooplankton passed through the dam aggregates is eliminated under the Upper Yenisei highly turbulent conditions. There is approximately 10% of it in 32 km from the dam if compare with biomass in 20-40 m layer of reservoir, the portion of dead increases to 11%. The biomass of zooplankton suspended in the water column of the tail-water sometimes increases (till > 1 g/m3) due to large Copepoda Heteroscope borealis, which inhabits near-bottom and near-shore river zones and can be found in the central part of the river during reproductive period. Limnetic zooplankton from the reservoir cannot be considered as important food for planktivores in the tail-water.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis characteristics features in breast cancer].

Representing about 20% of all woman's cancers in all the world, breast cancer is a multifactorial disease with unknown mechanism facts which may explain the significant growth of incidence and mortality in the last few years. In the absence of screening program in majority cases the diagnosis is discovered too late. In this present study we have made a retrospective study on 487 patients during 1996-2000 at the 1st Surgical Clinic from Craiova. The purpose of this study was the defining of the population with an increased risk which has to be monitorized. In order to accomplish it, we have carefully supervised some of clinical parameters: sex, age, social environment, physiological and pathological antecedents, heredocolateral antecedents, and the constitutional type. The study method was the comparative analysis, and the evaluation according to the modern statistical methods. The risk factors, which can be surely used in defining the groups of population with an increased risk, which should be supervised for an active discover of breast cancer, as the resulted from our study, are: the age decades V, VI, and VII with maximum incidence in subgroups 45-49 and 60-64 years old; early monarch (67.15%); delayed menopause, over 50 years old (84.4%); long exposure to sexual hormones during the reproductive period (the period of menstrual cyclicity over 32 years old); the pathology of the benign tumor, the biggest risk belonging to the proliferative tumours (intraductal papiloma); hyperestrogenism. The only improving method of the therapeutical results in breast cancer is an early discover of it, which can be accomplished only by the implementation of a national program of active discover, in which the essential part belongs to the primary care helped by a widely-broadcast medical education.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comparing two methods of examination in the interaction study of a pesticide and a heavy metal.

The use of pesticides in field application involves the risk of poisoning wild animals. The reproduction period of pheasant takes place at the same time as the spraying time of pesticides, which justifies, that we evaluate in a point of the ecotoxicologic view the influence of the pesticide on progressive avian embryo. The most frequent technical way is injecting the exam stuffs to the some part of the embryonated eggs under the bird teratological trials. The advantage of this method is that it can be injected in a correct measured dose into the optional part of eggs. The disadvantage of this method is that it can't model properly the influence on the environment. If adverse effect of the embraced chemical substance on the embryo is experienced under the study, it will be necessary to use an immersion treatment. This procedure shows only the possible indirect influence of the pesticide on the embryo but it can suitably model its influence in plant protection practice. Treatment was done on day 12 of incubation. Applied concentration of heavy element (Cd sulphate) was 0.01% and the concentration of pesticide (Dithane M-45) was 0.2%. Evaluation was done on day 19 of incubation. Injection treatment: the simultaneous administration of Cd sulphate and the 80% mancozeb containing fungicide formulation on day 12 of incubation did not result in a significant decrease in the average body weight of embryos compared to neither the control nor the pesticide individually treated group. At the same time the body weight of embryos significantly decreased because of combined administration as compared to the Cd sulphate treated group. The embryo mortality and the incidence of developmental anomalies markedly increased after the simultaneous administration. Immersion treatment: the combined administration of Cd sulphate and the mancozeb containing fungicide formulation on day 12 of incubation did not result in a significant decrease in the average body mass of embryos compared to neither the control nor the individually treated groups. The number of embryo mortality was very high after the simultaneous administration. The incidence of developmental anomalies was sporadic.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Symptoms of estrogen deficiency in nursing personnel in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the self-reported prevalence and severity of climacteric symptoms of estrogen deficiency in nursing personnel working in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital during the year 2002. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. SUBJECT: Six-hundred and eight nursing personnel, including professional nurses and practical nurses, aged 40-60 years, working in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The same sets of questionnaires were provided and distributed to each subject. Subjects had self assessment under individual decision with written consent and data was prospectively collected. The data were analyzed using software SPSS version 10 and presented in frequencies and percentage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The prevalence and severity of each climacteric symptoms. RESULTS: Five-hundred and seventy five of 608 subjects (94.6%) responded to the questionnaires, 62.6% of them were in normal reproductive period, while the remainder (37.4%) were in the menopausal period. The latter group was divided into 4 subgroups of pre/peri-menopause, post menopause, surgical menopause and premature ovarian failure. The prevalence of climacteric symptoms was systematically classified as follows, vasomotor instability 40.7% (severe cases, 5.4%), psychosomatic symptoms 50.9% (severe cases, 3.9%), lower urinary tract symptoms 29.1% (severe cases, 2.4%), lower genital tract symptoms 34.0% (severe cases, 2.7%), and other symptoms 50.7% (severe cases, 4.3%). The first five most common symptoms were as follows, forgetful 84.1% (severe cases, 7.9%), myalgia 74.3% (severe cases, 10.6%), anxious 71.0% (severe cases, 5.3%), tired 70.0% (severe cases, 4.1%), headache 68.3% (severe cases, 8.3%). The least common symptom was needle pain, the prevalence was 19.7% (severe cases, 1.3%). The overall prevalence of women using hormone replacement therapy was 13.1%, only 8.9% were current users. CONCLUSION: Focusing on each symptom of climacteric symptoms, the authors found high prevalence in psychosomatic symptoms and other symptoms such as forgetful, myalgia, anxious, tired and headache. While the classic symptom (vasomotor instability) was found to be low in the present study which was different from the previous reports. This may be due to the racial or cultural and educational factors among different populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Oral contraceptives and trisomy 21. A retrospective study of 730 cases (author's transl)].

A retrospective study of 730 cases of trisomy 21 and of 1 035 cases of abnormal children without a detectable chromosomal aberration, allows the study of the frequency of use of oral contraceptives by their mothers. The statistical analysis shows no notable differences for mothers 30 years old and younger. Among the mothers 30 to 38 years old, these is an excess of pill-taking by mothers of trisomy 21 children. For this second category of mothers (30 to 38 years) this excess is significant (a) when the delay between the cessation of pill-taking and the conception of the child is six months of less; (b) when the duration of pill-taking has been longer than one year; and (c), when those two factors are present simultaneously. Moreover, the frequency of males is significantly reduced in trisomy 21 children when their mothers have taken the pill. As a whole, for the subsample of mothers 30 and older, a correlation is observed between the three factors analysed, pill-taking, sex ratio, and trisomy 21. In view of the fact that decrease of the sex ratio and the increase of the frequency of trisomy 21 both are correlated with maternal aging in the general population, it seems remarkable that a correlation between these two variables and the use of oral contraceptives is observed only when the women had already passed the first of their reproduction period.

Adolescent↗