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Results for “Sensorimotor Cortex”

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The effect of leucine enkephalin on the development of a convulsive afterdischarge in the sensorimotor cortex of rats].

The application of leucin-enkephalin solution (LEU) (2 micrograms/2 microliters) on stimulated region of sensomotor cortex did not influence threshold of direct and transcallosal cortex responses (DR and TCR). On coupling of repeated electrostimulation train (RET) (duration of impulse--0.1 ms; duration of train--10 s; frequency--10/s) with application of LEU (after every odd train) the changes of DR and TCR in course of even trains and latency of afterdischarge appearance were such as in control ones. Simultaneously LEU effectively depressed short posttetanic potentiation of DR and TCR and potentiation of amplitude and duration AD, evoked by RET. It is suggested that LEU released from neurons in the course of RET does not participate in initiation of seizure in sensomotor cortex. A possible role of LEU in sensomotor cortex is limitation of intensity and duration of seizures and prevention of status epilepticus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The participation of the sensorimotor cortex in assessing the quality of food reinforcement against a background of thirst].

In trained cats, unilateral extirpation of the sigmoid gyri's cortex disinhibited the unreinforced runs while preserving the positive conditioned reflexes associated with differentiation of different salt food reinforcement. The bilateral extirpation induced a disorder of differentiated inhibition while preserving the conditioned runs reinforced with the highly salted food. The unilateral extirpation did not affect the food-motor conditioning against the background of the salt diet. The bilateral extirpation delayed the differentiation inhibition and facilitated the positive conditioning.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The electrophysiological and ultrastructural aspects of the effect of increased oxygen pressure on the sensorimotor cortex of rats].

Stay of the rats in barochamber under 0.3 MPa oxygen during 2 hrs induced separate sharp waves with no generalisation, the electron microscopic changes expressing activation of compensatory-adaptive processes. The generalisation of seizure activity over the cortex at 0.7 MPa oxygen affects a part of neuronal pool due, probably, to irreversible changes in inhibitory axosomatic synapses.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Functional magnetic resonance imaging in lesions in or near the sensorimotor cortex].

PURPOSE: To assess the efficiency of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in demonstrating motor-sensorial cortical areas in mass lesions neighboring the perirolandic area and investigating its pre-operative sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, 20 right-handed patients with different types of intraxial and extraaxial mass lesions in or neighboring the perirolandic area were used. Of the all lesions, 6 were diagnosed as metastatic masses, 2 as oligodendroglioma, 2 as astrocytoma, 5 as glioblastoma multiforme, 2 as meningioma, 2 as arteriovenous malformations and 1 as porencephalic cyst. The study was performed on a 1.5 T unit. Images were acquired at the axial plane using T1 weighted spin echo, T2 weighted fast spin echo and fast FLAIR. Functional imaging was performed by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) technique and single-shot gradient echo-planar sequence (SSEPI). During the sequence period a total of 420 images were acquired, each of which had 10 slices. By matching the resource functional images with T1 and T2 weighted anatomical images, the functional anatomy of the brain has been mapped. Sensorial-motor cortex has been activated by the finger-tapping-paradigm. RESULTS: Two patients could not included in the study because of extensive movement artifacts and meaningless BOLD answers. Eighteen of the patients had significant BOLD answers in bilateral peri-central sulcal area and in the center of the supplementary area. Activation areas were obtained neighboring the mass lesions and edema surrounding the lesion. CONCLUSION: fMRI can demonstrate motor-sensorial cortex in situations in which the anatomical order of perirolandic area has been changed by mass lesions. fMRI shows high sensitivity in the evaluation of lesions neighboring the perirolandic area preoperatively. Therefore fMRI can provide important information in patient selection, detection of different surgical choices and planning the surgical intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Developmental characteristics of the sensorimotor cortex of 7-8 days old rats in the roller cultures of free-floating brain slices].

Development and formation of neuronal architectonic of organotypic structures of sensomotor cortex of 7-8-day-old rats was studied in roller cultures. Free-floating cortical slices were cultured for 2-3 weeks. Serial paraffin sections of cultured tissue were stained with cresyl violet fast using Nissl's method. It was shown that during cultivation cortical slices changed their initial flat configuration and transformed into spherical bodies that retained main histiotypic features of cortical formations. Radially oriented pyramidal and fusiform neurons formed cortical structure that was not subdivided into individual layers and covered the whole surface of spherical tissue bodies. It is concluded that histogenetical processes were continuing in free-floating slices of sensomotor cortex of 7-8-day-old rats during roller cultivation. They result in formation of histiotypic cortical structure similar to phylogenetically more ancient allocortical formations of the forebrain.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Distribution of Mg-activated ATPase activity in the sensorimotor cortex (electron-cytochemical study)].

The localization of Mg-activated ATPase was studied by the lead method. The reaction product was seen in the nuclei and nucleoli of the cells. Five types of its distribution in the nuclei, typical for different types of cells and characterizing their functional activity were distinguished. The reaction to ATPase was also determined in the ribosomes, lipofuscin granules and some oval areas of the cytoplasma of cellular bodies and axons. The precipitate in the brain mitochondria was detected only after the administration of aminazine (15 mg/kg), i. e. in conditions of increased membrane permeability. The presence of ATPase reaction products in axo-dendrite synapses of different types, where it is mainly bound with postsynaptical consolidation and reflects the size of zone activity contacts, may have a direct relation to the conduction of the nervous impulse. The reaction product is also constantly present in the basal membrane of blood vessels.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Avoidance conditioning and morphometric characteristics of the sensorimotor cortex of rats exposed to social deprivation in early ontogeny].

Male Wistar rats were exposed to social deprivation in the period from the 22nd to 70th days of postnatal development. The characteristics of the learning of these rats at the age 110-120 days in the passive avoidance box and during training for active avoidance of electroshock were significant lower than those of control animals. Features of motor activities of the "isolants" in learning and testing, and in the "open field" may be related to their higher anxiety level. Morfometric studies of neurons and glial cells and neocortex thickness showed that significantly lower density of neural elements may be the result of the afferent sensory input limitation produced by the social deprivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The dendritic spines of the pyramidal neurons in layer V of the rat sensorimotor cortex following a 14-day space flight].

There was made a quantitative study of the influence of 14 days space flight ("Kosmos-2044") on dendritic spine (DS) density of the layer V pyramidal neurons of rat sensomotor cortex. There was found an increase of the number of apical DS lying in the layers III-IV in the flight group only. Number of DS on oblique dendrites was increased in the III-IV cortical layers both in the flight and tail-suspended rats. There was also an increase in the number of DS on basal dendrites in all experimental groups. Obtained data are compared with similar 7 days flight results ("Kosmos-1667") and other data of nervous tissue plasticity in weightlessness.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of antenatal exposure to the bacterial lipopolysaccharide prodigiozan on the neurons of the ganglionic layer of the sensorimotor cortex in 30-day-old rats].

A single administration of prodigiosan to pregnant albino rats in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg was shown to exert the adverse effect on energy and plastic metabolism of neurocytes of the cerebral ganglionic layer in their offspring. These properties were most pronounced at administration on the 14th and 18th days of pregnancy.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[Inhibiting effect of the presentation of additional stimuli on neuronal responses in the cat sensorimotor cortex during a conditioned reflex].

Conditional responses of the sensomotor cortex neurons were registered in awake cats which were trained to respond to presentation of conditional stimuli (a single sound click) by instrumental conditional movement. Those neuronal responses were registered 50-150 ms before realization of reflex movements. During external stimulation after the reflex beginning, conditional neuronal reactions appeared 50-250 ms later, but the latencies of conditional movements did not change. It is supposed that the studied phenomenon is a result of the growing exteroceptive attention of cats to external stimulation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

[Plastic synaptic reorganization in the sensorimotor cortex of adult cats after destruction of the contralateral nucleus intermedius of the cerebellum].

Using the intracellular microelectrode technique the reactions were investigated in corticospinal neurons (CSN) after stimulation of contralateral (cIP) and ipsilateral interpositus nucleus of cerebellum as well as ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus. Experiments were made on adult intact cats and the same preliminary lesion of cIP nucleus (exposition from 1 to 6 months). Acceleration of the monosynaptic thalamo-cortical EPSPs time to peak in slow CSN was revealed in operated animals. It indicated that there was remote terminal dendrosomatic sprouting and formation of new synapses on proximal segments of SD-membrane of CSN. This made it possible to suppose that there was formed ipsilateral interposito-thalamocortical way which duplicated the same contralateral in intact animals. The contralateral cortico-interposital collaterals in intact and the analogic ipsilateral sprouting in operated animals have been shown.

Animals↗