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PubMed2000

The dangerousness of youth-at-risk: the possibilities of surveillance and intervention in uncertain times.

This paper will explore the dangerous possibilities provoked by the popular and promiscuous construction of the category of "youth-at-risk". In an age of large-scale and profound social changes, narratives of uncertainty and risk dominate popular, political and theoretical discourses about youth. Under these social conditions, the discourse of youth-at-risk is mobilized from a variety of intellectual and political positions in various attempts to regulate the behaviors and dispositions of youth. The paper will argue that these discourses provoke dangerous possibilities for the increased surveillance of, and intervention into, young people's lives by regulatory authorities (schools, police, health services, and juvenile justice systems) and the forms of expertise recruited by these agencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ethnicity and patterns of help-seeking.

This study reconstructs and analyzes pathways of help-seeking traveled by severely disabled mental patients in the community. Ethnicity is a prime factor in differentiating patterns of help-seeking in that Chinese patients are kept for prolonged periods of time within their families in the beginning of pathways, while Anglo-Saxons and Middle Europeans are referred by their families or themselves to multiple social and mental health agencies. Native Indians are referred by persons other than family members or themselves between social and legal agencies in the community. Eventually all of these pathways lead to psychiatric inpatient intervention. There are major impediments to treatment in these patterns, most notably isolation and deterioration of patients within confines of families or lack of coordination of agencies in the community. Recommendations aimed at the improvement of treatment in the community are presented in light of these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Physicians, entrepreneurism and the problem of conflict of interest.

This paper examines the ethical issues of conflict of interest raised by the burgeoning development of physician involvement in for-profit entrepreneurial activities outside their practice. After documenting the nature and extent of these activities, and their potential for conflicts of interest, the paper assesses the major argument for and against physicians' referral of patients to facilities they own or in which they invest. The paper concludes that an outright ban on such activity seems ethically warranted.

Commerce↗
PubMed1979

Crisis intervention in the court room: the case of the night prosecutor.

Often the cases seen in a municipal court or a mental health center's crisis department are identical. The concepts used to describe these common cases and the resultant agency actions taken differ drastically between the legal and mental health arenas. This paper presents a working model that combines mental health and legal concepts and personnel to deal effectively with this overlapping body of problems. The model provides for crisis intervention for the clients, preventive education for young attorneys, and system change in the criminal justice system.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1975

Personality patterns of white, black, and Mexican-American patrolmen as measured by the sixteen personality factor questionnaire.

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire was administered to 461 Los Angeles patrolmen to abtain a normative police profile. Multivariate analysis revealed that the average patrolman appeared brighter, more reserved, dominant, and tough-minded (p less than .001) than the average male. Comparisons were made for 29 black, 33 Mexican-American, and 399 white officers. Mexican-American officers emerged as more conservative and relaxed than whites, while black officers appeared more experimental, analytical, and group-oriented. A comparison with an idependent police sample revealed common traits of self-assurance and conservatism. Results were compared with a social workers' profile and discussed in relation to police officers' actual job activities and community needs.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1977

Roles and expectations for mental health professionals in law enforcement agencies.

To assess consumer needs for and attitudes toward mental health services within law enforcement agencies, a questionnaire composed of a comprehensive list of mental health services potentially available to police departments was administered to populations of police officers and mental health workers. Respondents rated the services according to perceived utility of the service for law enforcement needs. Generally, police officers seemed receptive to several kinds of mental health service, although they were less enthusiastic about the value of the services than professionals. The implication of these data for the community mental health worker are discussed in terms of establishing and maintaining effective, mutually satisfying relationships with law enforcement agencies.

Attitude↗
PubMed1986

Occupational stress, social support, and burnout among correctional officers.

Three alternative models of the role of workplace social support in ameliorating the effect of occupational stress on burnout symptoms were tested. Correctional officers (N = 166) completed a variety of questionnaire measures of job stress, the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Analyses showed no support for either the direct or buffering models of social support. Rather, the data were consistent with the indirect model of social support in the workplace. Among the job stress indices, role ambiguity, work load, and direct contact with inmates were found to be independent predictors of burnout symptomatology. The findings suggest a preventive rather than remedial effect of workplace social support in reducing occupational stress and burnout.

Adult↗