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Thermography was carried out in 28 cases of lymphomas of the superficial lymphnodes. Hyperthermia of lymphnodes that are the site of an active lymphomatous process and its arrest following effective, especially radio, therapy has been confirmed.
To provide information on how cervicothoracic pain responds to osteopathic manipulative treatment, five subjects with acute or chronic pain received appropriate medication and three osteopathic manipulative treatments by the principal investigator using thrust and nonthrust techniques. The mean number of findings by both investigators on structural examination decreased considerably immediately after each of the three treatments. The number of findings increased in week 2 and decreased in week 3. The principal investigator observed a further decrease by the final session, but the coinvestigator reported an increase. The pain scale score improved an average of nearly 30%. Thermography showed cooling of the cervicothoracic region in all subjects and conversion to a normal pattern in four. Osteopathic manipulative treatment should be considered for patients with acute or chronic cervicothoracic pain. The use of thermographic analysis in clinical osteopathic research seems warranted.
Examined were 47 children with a funnel-shaped chest deformity and 18 healthy children (control group) ranging in age from 2 to 14 years. Thermal fields of the chest and hands were registered. New data characterizing the degree of pronouncement of chest deformity and heart shift were obtained. In patients with bronchopulmonary diseases, the areas of hyperthermia corresponding to inflammatory process location were noted. Thermography of the hands permitted, to obtain the data characterizing the pronouncement of respiratory failure.
Anterior and posterior view thermograms were recorded in 37 neonates. Studies were performed under a radiant heater servocontrolled to an abdominal skin temperature of 36.0 C. Heart, liver, and kidneys, being highly vascular structures, were detected as "warm" areas on the body surface. A longitudinal study of an infant with a patent ductus arteriosus and congestive heart failure deomnstrated a generally cooler chest following a decrease in pulmonary artery blood flow accomplished by ductal ligation. Another infant demonstrated a unilateral warm area posteriorly over the left flank. At autopsy the right kidney and its vasculature internal organs. Thermography may prove to be a simple noninvasive tool for routine screening in the neonate of highly vascular internal organs. Thermographic detection of renal malformation may offer considerable potential.
1. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) increased with increasing organic stiffness of the arterial wall mainly caused by arterio-sclerosis and also increasing functional stiffness of the arterial wall mainly caused by elevation of blood pressure. Age related changes in PWV have been recognized in variable countries. The PWV in the ascending aorta calculated by the characteristic impedance (378 +/- 141 cm/sec) was lower than that of conventional measurement in the descending aorta (697 +/- 144 cm/sec). 2. Thermography provide us indirect information of arteriosclerosis through reduction of skin temperature caused by disturbance of blood flow.
The aim of the study was to estimate the value in visualization of temperature gradients in assessing results of skin prick tests. The study group consisted of 10 patients suspected of having allergic diseases in whom skin prick tests were carried out. They were performed typically using the Bencard allergens kits. A positive control was performed using different solutions of histamine (10 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml). The traditional method comprising of measurement of erythema, and whed was compared with visual thermography and open liquid crystal themography. The background temperature of typical areas chosen for skin prick tests were compared under condition of thermographic evaluation. The skin of the upper region of the back was chosen for uniform temperature background. Basing on the analysis of the background temperature and in areas of high reaction to histamine and allergens the temperature and in areas of high reaction to histamine and allergens the temperature gradient was calculated to be 2.2 degrees--2.5 degrees C. In order to visualize this gradient in composition of liquid crystals was made of a working range of 34.3 degrees--36.3 degrees C. Criteria for a correct thermographic evaluation of skin prick tests were established after studying the effect of manipulation of the area examined, local lowering of the temperature, use of cold solutions of allergens. Further studies are planned in order to assess the practical use of this thermographic analytical method.
Vascular heat emissions that present on the human face can provide physiologic indicators of underlying health or disease. Electronic thermography may serve as a nonionizing, noninvasive alternative for solving diagnostic problems. This study was designed to quantify normal values of vascular heat emissions of the face. Electronic thermograms were taken of 102 subjects using an Agema 870 unit, at 0.1 degree C accuracy, under controlled conditions. Results indicated a high degree of mean thermal symmetry about the face. Using frontal and lateral electronic thermogram projections, the mean temperatures of 25 selected right-versus-left-side anatomic zones were within 0.1 degree C of each other. Analysis of frontally and laterally projected electronic thermograms also produced a new mapping of thermally distinct facial zones. Of greatest importance, the right-versus-left-side thermal differences (delta T) between many specific facial regions for individual subjects were demonstrated to be much smaller (< 0.4 degrees C) than previously reported delta T values of the same facial regions in a wide variety of chronic disorders. These differences in delta T values between asymptomatic subjects and patients with various facial pain syndromes may prove to be useful thresholds for determining normal versus abnormal facial thermograms.
The typical thermographic pictures of hands of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis are described. The pictures were made with liquid crystals. Thermography with liquid crystals is also suitable for the evaluation of changes in temperature during treatment.
1) Serial thermograms were taken after the application of various intensities and durations of localized pressure on the medial surface of the human forearm. 2) Thermal response of the body surface to localized pressure was quantified. 3) It was found that usually a time period of between 1 to 3 minutes elapsed before the body surface attained a maximum elevation of temperature from the time the localized pressure is removed. 4) It was found that increased intensity of pressure (5 psi vs. 3 psi) and longer duration (20 minutes vs. 10 minutes) caused larger thermal responses. 5) It is suggested that high resolution medical thermography may eventually become a useful tool in the fitting of prosthetic and orthotic devices and for the prediction of pressure sores formation so prophylactic measures can be started immediately on immobilized patients.
OBJECTIVE: To determine in a pilot study the feasibility of noninvasive techniques of (a) measurement of rewarming response after a standard cold challenge test (using thermographic imaging) and (b) measurement of nailfold capillary dimensions using video capillaroscopy, in the assessment of children presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). METHODS: Ten children with RP and 10 age matched healthy controls were studied. No child had definite evidence of underlying connective tissue disease. RESULTS: Children with RP had abnormal rewarming curves. The gradient of the rewarming curve was significantly lower in children with RP (median 1.5 vs 5.0 degrees C/min in controls; p = 0.015), and there was a trend for the lag time (the interval between the end of the cold challenge and the onset of rewarming) to be increased in children with RP (median 4.7 vs 0.5 min in controls; p = 0.08). Capillary dimensions were measured in 7 of the children with RP, and were similar to those of healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Thermography and nailfold capillaroscopy are feasible in children and should be further evaluated.
BACKGROUND: Frequent use of vibrating tools over several years may lead to a neurovascular disturbance of finger circulation with the development of typical Raynaud's phenomenon, attacks being triggered by vibration and/or cold exposure. The condition is recognized as an occupational disease and known as vibration-induced white finger (VWF). Aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of infrared thermography (IRT) with a cold provocation test in the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon in VWF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 24 patients with the diagnosis of VWF, previously established by other methods, were compared with 12 matched control subjects. We carried out IRT-measurements simultaneously on both hands before, directly after and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 mins following a 3 min exposure of both hands to a waterbath of 12 degrees C. The results of temperature measurements of all fingers were analyzed and the time to complete rewarming of all fingers was recorded. RESULTS: The basal thermograms did not differ between both groups, whereas the mean finger temperatures after cold exposure were significantly lower in VWF-patients compared to controls, with a considerable individual overlap between both groups. Therefore, determination of absolute finger temperature reveals not to be a useful diagnostic tool in individual cases, but might be helpful for pharmacological studies (group-analysis). In contrast to absolute finger temperatures, the parameter of rewarming time after cold exposure revealed to be diagnostic on an individual basis: a complete rewarming after 15 min indicates a normal vascular reactivity and an incomplete rewarming 30 min following the cold provocation points to an impaired vascular reactivity due to VWF. CONCLUSIONS: IRT revealed to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon in VWF, and provides a sufficient documentation suitable for further follow-up examination.
A report is given on 814 patients who had undergone a mamma examination by means of mammographies, plate thermographies, and, if indicated, punction cytologies. On the basis of our experiences with this triple diagnosis we drafted a preliminary control scheme.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of using cortical infrared thermography (CIT) and temperature in studying the principle of acupuncture and moxibustion. METHODS: The changes of the cerebral cortical temperature during electro-acupuncture (EA) by CIT in twenty cats were observed. By opening skull before experiments the cortex of animals was revealed. The distribution of the cortical temperature of the awakend animals was studied by AGA Infrared Thermovision, the thermograms were analysed by computer. RESULTS: (1) The thermograms of the profile of the cortex could be displayed clearly, the temperature was higher and lower in ante- and post-cortex respectively than that in other regions. (2) The cortical temperature declined slightly during 30 minutes in cats without EA. (3) After EA, the temperature of cortex generally increased 0.3 to 1.7 degrees centigrade, at 5 min after EA, the temperature increment was the highest, at 10 min after EA, the temperature increment was higher than before EA but lower than 5 min after EA, the cortical temperature recovered 10 min after stopping stimulating. (4) The temperature increment was more obvious in the regions of Ant. Ectosylvian, Ant. Suprasylvian and Ant. Sylvian than that in other regions. No matter where the site of EA was, every group had its region of higher temperature increment. The regions of the temperature increment in the cortex were mainly in the somatesthesia regions. There were similar characteristics between the temperature response in the cortex showing by CIT after EA and the activity of cortical nerve cells after stimulation. CONCLUSION: The display of the temperature response could be taken as the indication of the nervous activity. CIT could be used to conduct the studies of the acupuncture and brain.
Thermal screening was used in order to distinguish between Tennis Elbow and entrapment of posterior interosseous nerve. Both conditions have a very similar clinical picture but there should be an altogether different approach concerning treatment. The differential diagnosis is therefore of great importance and thermography of the elbow is a valuable aid in this distinction.
The efficacy of application of colour liquid crystallic thermography in the gastric cancer diagnosis was studied. The method permits to establish localization and spreading of gastric malignancy, excels by informativity in the diagnosis complex and treatment monitoring of patients.
This paper describes a method to detect knee stress using liquid crystal thermography and presents the results of a case study in which the system was applied to two carpet installers. The method involves placing heat-sensitive sheets of film on the knees of workers at various intervals during the work day. The thermographic sheets react to variations in heat by changing colour. The measurements are taken with the worker's knee positioned in an illuminated, enclosed box. Once the patch stabilizes, the exhibited colours are recorded with an 8 mm video camera. The colour pattern, ranging from brown to blue, provides a thermal record of what is believed to be knee stress resulting from installing carpet. The thermographic records are stored in computer memory for subsequent analysis using an AT&T TARGA 16 video board. Custom software allows computation of the area of each distinct colour pattern as a percentage of total patch size. These records provide a characterization of knee response (inflammation) resulting from the biomechanical load sustained by the knee during the carpet installation task.
We aimed to investigate whether infra red thermography (IRT) can be used to measure and quantify non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in the short-tailed field vole Microtus agrestis, by directly comparing it with a standard method, i.e. metabolic response following Noradrenaline injection (NA). Mean skin surface temperature overlying Brown adipose tissue (BAT) depot was 0.82 degrees C higher than mean surface temperature that did not overly BAT. The difference in temperature increased by 1.26 degrees C after NA was administered. Mean skin surface temperature overlying BAT increased by 0.32 degrees C after NA was administered; however, surface temperature decreased by 1.32 degrees C after saline was administered. Mean skin surface temperature overlying BAT did not change significantly between warm and cold acclimated voles; in contrast metabolic peak following NA injection significantly increased in cold acclimated voles. There was no significant correlation between change in surface temperature after NA injection and metabolic peak following NA injection. The results of this study suggest that IRT is not a sensitive enough method to measure changes in NST capacity in BAT following NA injection, or to detect changes in NST capacity induced by cold acclimation. However, IRT can distinguish between skin surfaces overlying BAT and skin surfaces that do not.
BACKGROUND: The hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is the commonest prescribed disease in the UK. Presently the diagnosis is subjective and the need for an objective investigation to support the diagnosis has been highlighted. This study analyses the potential of cold provocation thermography (CPT) to fulfil this role. METHODS: CPT was performed in ten controls (five men, five women; median age 35 (range 24-78) years) and 21 patients with HAVS (20 men, one woman; median age 45 (range 29-81) years). With an infrared camera, a precooling (PC) image was taken and then, following hand cooling in water at a temperature of 5 degrees C for 1 min, further rewarming images were taken every minute for 10 min. RESULTS: Patient finger tip temperatures were significantly cooler than control temperatures at all time points (P < 0.01, Student's t test). The following Table shows the sensitivity, specificity and PPV of CPT. CONCLUSION: CPT provides strong objective evidence to support the clinical diagnosis of HAVS.