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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of correcting radiation injuries of the thymic endocrine function by T-activin in conditions of reduced postradiation hypercorticism reaction].

T-activin administered to rats after exposure to whole-body 1.5 Gy neutron- and 6 Gy X-radiation increases considerably the thymosin-like serum activity, accelerates cellularity restoration in the thymus and spleen, but does not influence the survival rate. Ionol administered prior to X-irradiation reduces the postirradiation hypercorticism reaction and the indirect effect of radiation on lymphoid organs which it is responsible for. The combined injection of ionol and T-activin increases the thymosin-like serum activity and spleen cellularity to the highest possible level and increases the survival rate of rats from 24 to 64 per cent and the lifespan up to 6 days.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of thymostimulin on endocrine thymus function in thyroidectomized rats during suppressive hormone therapy].

Due to disorders of hormonal balance in the organism, a decrease in thymic endocrine function occurred in rats after thyroidectomy. After removing the thyroid gland, we observed 1,3-2,2-fold decrease in the level of thymic hormone thymulin in the blood serum. When thyroxin was applied at a suppressive dose, endocrine function of the thymus did not restore. Injections of thymostimulin (Tp1) or its combination with thyroxin to thyroidectomized animals restored the level of thymulin up to the level in the intact rats due to effects of either injected preparation or induction of substances possessing thymosine-like activity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

[Changes of biogenic amines in the thymus cell system after T-activin administration].

The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of the neurotransmitter (cateholamine, serotonin, histamine) content in the thymic structures, as well as of heparin maturation degree and degranulation in the thymic mast cells population by means of Falck, Cross and Unna luminescent-histochemical methods 1-30 days following daily T-activinum injections. Concentration of the neurotransmitters in all the bioamine-containing thymic structures was found to fall by day 7, but after day 14 it began to increase, reaching a high level by day 30 that significantly exceeded the initial values. The degree of heparin maturation in mast cells was increased at days 21 and 30. Long-term T-activinum administration (for more than 7 days) is not justified, since an excessive increase in bioamine and heparin content suppresses immune reactions. Degranulating mast cells, surrounded by the zones of microenvironment, that were saturated with the bioamines capable of suppressing thymocytes, were found to predominate at the late stages of an experiment with T-activinum injections.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of partial decerebration and hypophyseal allograft in the thymus of chicken embryos: thymostimulin localization and enzymatic activities.

Changes in chicken embryo thymus after partial decerebration (including the hypophysis) and hypophyseal allograft were investigated. Chicken embryos were partially decerebrated at 36-40 hr of incubation and on day 12 received a hypophyseal allograft from 18-day-old donor embryos. The embryonic thymuses were collected on day 18 and examined with histological methods, tested for the anti-thymostimulin-like immune-reaction, and for histoenzymatic activities and compared with normal and sham-operated embryos at the same age. After partial decerebration, the thymic cortical and medullary compartments diminished markedly in size. Anti-thymostimulin, succinic dehydrogenase and ATPase enzymatic activities tested, yielded negative reactions. In partially decerebrated hypophyseal allografted embryos, the same thymic compartments improved and anti-thymostimulin-like immune-reaction and enzymatic activities partially recovered. These findings confirmed the key role of hypophysis in thymic ontogenic development and provided new information in metabolic enzymatic pathways and synthesis of a thymostimulin-like substance in the thymus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of thymagen, thymalin and vilosen on the cAMP and cGMP levels and phosphodiesterase activity in spleen lymphocytes during sensitization and anaphylactic shock].

It is established that the effect of thymus-derived species is connected with the cyclic nucleotide system. The action of thymus-derived immunocorrectors (thymalin, thymagen, vilosen) on catabolic processes of cyclic nucleotides has been observed under conditions of anaphylaxy and sensibilization. They show that sensibilization of the animal is bound up with a decrease of the cAMP/cGMP ratio. Anaphylaxis induces levelling of the cAMP/cGMP ratio up to the reference level. So, activity of enzymes of cyclic nucleotide catabolism grows due to the influence of thymogen, thymalin and vilosen in lymphocytes of sensibilized guinea pigs and tends to an increase in lymphocytes of anaphylaxis-treated animals.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of anti-keratins and anti-thymostimulin antibodies in normal and in Down's syndrome human thymuses.

The localization of three monoclonal (A,B,C) anti-cytokeratin antibodies and of an anti-thymostimulin antibody were studied in normal children's thymuses, aged from 2 months to 10 1/2 years and in Down's children thymuses, aged from 5 months to 6 1/2 years. Two anti-cytokeratins were positive in the thymus: the anti-B was found in the epithelial cells of all thymic zones, the anti-C only in the external cells of Hassall's corpuscles. The distribution and the intensity of immuno-reactions were the same in normal and in Down's thymuses. The distribution of anti-thymostimulin was superimposed to the distribution of anti-cytokeratin B and was similar in normal and in the youngest Down's thymuses, whereas in the 6 1/2 years-old Down's thymuses there was a loss of anti-TS reaction in the subcapsular zone. A relationship between the reduction of anti-thymostimulin immuno-reaction and the beginning of an eventual loss of T-lymphocyte differentiation was supposed.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of T-activin and thymalin in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes].

Therapeutic efficacies of thymalin and T-activin were assessed in 80 patients with ophthalmic herpes. Thymic hormone preparations are recommended for the treatment of a protracted condition. To monitor the course of immunomodulating therapy, the neutrophil injury index and measurements of secretory IgA in the lacrimal fluid may be used, besides the routine tests.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of thymus preparations and anti-tuberculosis agents on immunologic reactivity and the course of the tuberculosis process in experimental animals].

The effects of thymogen, thymalin and vilosen in combination with antituberculous drugs (isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin) were studied on 240 CBA mice with experimental tuberculosis. Thymus preparations supplemented to the complex treatment of experimental tuberculosis significantly increased their lifespan, contributed to a decrease in the index of spleen weight lung density and significantly increased the count of T lymphocytes and their proliferative activity as compared to those on antituberculous drugs alone. Thymogen was found to be the most effective in the complex treatment of experimental tuberculosis, whereas vilosen was the least. Thymogen plus vilosen proved to be the most beneficial combination of drugs.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thymic and suprarenalian response of Wistar rats following the administration of the humoral thymic factor (Leucotrofina) and of the cytostatic cyclophosphamide.

Leucotrofina administration in Wistar rats induced in thymus an increase of total protein content and of protein synthesis from 14C-leucine, simultaneously with a raise in the AlAT activity. Adrenal glands were not affected. Leucotrofina administration on the background of Cyclophosphamide induced modifications restored at normal values some of the thymic parameters (total protein content and RNA content) but the ascorbic acid content in the adrenals remained lowered.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The morphofunctional characteristics of the macrophages during reparative myogenesis under the action of immunomodulators].

The electron transmission microscopy was used for studying the ultrastructure of macrophages involved in the reparative regeneration of skeletal muscles of Wistar rats after a mechanical injury. Two morphofunctional types were established with special reference to ultrastructural features of the macrophages and morphometrical characteristics of organelles of these cells. The first type includes macrophages with a strong lysosomal apparatus and great amount of phagosomes containing a muscular dendritis. They are responsible for phagocytic functions and facilitate debridement of the wound from tissue disintegration products. The second (secretory) type is the cells with the developed granular endoplasmic reticulum which can exert a regulatory influence on processes of reparative regeneration of the skeletal muscles. Immunomodulators influence the level of the development of organelles of both types of macrophages which facilitates the earlier development of regeneration processes and wound healing.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗