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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Three-year occlusal wear of posterior composite restorations.

The specific aims of this study were to: 1) measure the occlusal wear of four different dental composite materials placed in the posterior teeth of adults; and 2) evaluate the effect of the clinical parameters, cavity class and tooth type on occlusal wear. Four different visible light-cured composite materials were used to make the restorations in this study. The restorations placed for this randomized clinical trial were scored through the use of an indirect evaluation system (M-L scale). The total sample size per recall ranged from 90 to 142 restorations from baseline to 36 months. The mean wear at 36 months for Heliomolar, J&J Experimental (Adaptic II) and P-30 was 45-54 microns, which is rather low compared to the recently reported wear of other composite materials. Marathon exhibited significantly greater wear with a mean of 174 microns at 36 months. The data also showed that cavity class and tooth type had no significant effect on the occlusal wear of the restorations made with the three low wear-rate materials, while restorations composed of the high wear-rate material exhibited more wear in molars than premolars; this effect was again not statistically significant. These data support the hypothesis that the overall wear of a composite restoration is more dependent on the material's properties than clinical parameters such as cavity class and tooth type.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

In vivo fluoride profiles at different sites of buccal and lingual enamel surfaces obtained by enamel biopsy of human maxillary first permanent molars in young adults.

Twenty male volunteers, average age 24 years, participated in this study. Specimens were obtained by enamel biopsy using 5 microliters of 0.5 M HClO4 for 30 s. Using a regression curve, comparisons of fluoride concentrations were made at different depths. The fluoride concentrations (mean +/- SE) at a depth of 5 microns were highest in the distobuccal (1698 +/- 136), high in the mesiobuccal (1343 +/- 122), low in the distolingual (1119 +/- 107), and lowest in the mesiolingual sites (819 +/- 78). Of the interior enamels (> or = 10 microns in depth), the distobuccal site (1330 +/- 88 parts/10(6) F at 10 microns) had a higher-concentration than all other sites. The fluoride profiles were steepest to shallowest in the order: distobuccal, mesiobuccal, distolingual and mesiolingual. There were no correlations between the enamel fluoride concentrations and the fluoride concentration in parotid saliva. It was concluded that in vivo fluoride profiles of maxillary first molars reflect the wear of the tooth surface with age and the condition of dental plaque deposition, and, to some extent, the site-specific distribution of saliva between buccal and lingual surfaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Long-term reinforced fixed provisional restorations.

Extensive prosthodontic treatment often requires fabrication of long-term provisional restorations. Numerous materials and techniques have been described for prolonged insertion of interim restorations. This article describes a procedure for fabrication of long-term reinforced heat-processed provisional restorations based on a diagnostic wax-up. Reinforced heat-processed provisional restorations reduced flexure, which minimizes progressive loss of cement and diminished the possibility of recurrent decay. Occlusal stability and vertical dimension were maintained because of greater wear resistance. Occlusion, tooth contours, and pontic design developed in the provisional restoration were duplicated in the definitive restoration. The use of a matrix from a diagnostic wax-up facilitated fabrication of the prosthesis, and made the procedure less time-consuming and more predictable.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2006

Oral health of the methamphetamine abuser.

PURPOSE: The pharmacology of methamphetamine is reviewed, and the effects of methamphetamine use on oral health are described. SUMMARY: Methamphetamine is a highly addictive amphetamine analogue, initially synthesized in 1919. Illicit methamphetamine use leads to devastating effects on health, particularly the dentition. Illegal production of methamphetamine has skyrocketed in recent years, as have the number of users. The chief complaint of methamphetamine users is xerostomia. Without the protective effects of saliva, caries development in these patients is rampant. The typical pattern of decay involves the facial and cervical areas of both the maxillary and mandibular teeth, with eventual progression to frank coronal involvement. The acidic substances used to manufacture this drug have also been implicated as a cause of tooth decay and wear in users, as has bruxism as a result of drug-induced hyperactivity. When possible, these patients should be referred to a dentist to improve their oral health status and minimize the potential for adverse cardiovascular sequelae. Other preventive measures for methamphetamine users include stimulating saliva flow and increasing fluoride supplementation. Pharmacists should also counsel users to avoid carbohydrate-rich soft drinks in favor of water. Oral moisturizers may also be effective. CONCLUSION: Methamphetamine use causes xerostomia secondary to sympathetic central nervous system activation, rampant caries caused by high-sugar intake in the absence of protective saliva, and bruxism as a result of hyperactivity. Practitioners should know how to recognize the signs of and manage the oral health of patients with a history of methamphetamine use.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Influence of season and age on reproductive activity in pony mares on the basis of a slaughterhouse survey.

Reproductive tracts were collected monthly over a 3-year period from 1,003 nonpregnant ponies at a slaughtering plant in Wisconsin. Ages of the animals were estimated from tooth replacement and wear. Ovaries were examined for follicular and luteal activity. There were no differences between left and right ovaries in size or occurrence of ovulation. The frequency of multiple ovulations, 10%, was higher than previously reported for ponies. The follicular changes during the ovulatory cycle did not support a two-wave theory of follicular growth. Ovarian activity changed seasonally, a finding similar to that reported previously in palpation studies of the pony. The ovulatory season appeared to be shorter, with fewer ponies ovulating throughout the year, than had previously been reported for horses. There were significant differences between animals of different ages in ovarian endpoints and in the proportion of mares that were ovulatory. The percentage of mares ovulatory during the fall was lower in the younger age groups (less than 5 years) than in the older groups, indicating a shorter breeding season for young mares. Ovarian activity appeared to decrease after 15 years. Examination of luteal structures from pre-pubertal and pubertal fillies indicated that the onset of puberty occurred at 12 to 15 months of age.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of three techniques for measuring wear of dental restorations.

Measurements of impression profiles, profilometer registrations, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photogrammetry of metal dies simulating worn restorations were compared as possible techniques for measuring and recording the wear rate of tooth restorations. The results showed that measurements of impression profiles and SEM photogrammetry gave the most accurate results adjacent to regions simulating steep cavity margins, whereas the profilometric technique gave erroneous results in these regions. These errors were related to interference between the conical stylus tip and the steep edges. Moreover, photogrammetry was time-consuming and complex and did not result in better overall precision than with the other evaluation techniques. These drawbacks with SEM photogrammetry were related to complex use of software and low precision of crucial hardware components such as SEM tilt stage and digitizer.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed2006

Interocclusal appliances--indications and clinical routines in general dental practice in Sweden.

The aim of this study was to analyse what kind of interocclusal appliances that are used in general dental practice in Sweden, the indications for such treatment, to what extent a clinical status is recorded before treatment, as well as the routines for evaluation of treatment results. The study was a retrospective analysis of patient records from 320 adult patients who had been treated by general dental practitioners in the Public Dental Service in Sweden. For comparison a group of 88 consecutive patients who had received interocclusal appliance therapy at a specialist clinic was used. The most common indication for treatment with hard acrylic stabilisation appliances, as well as with soft appliances, was occlusal wear due to tooth grinding. The second most common indication for treatment with hard acrylic stabilisation appliances was pain from masticatory muscles, while the second most common indication for soft appliances was tension-type headache. Treatment with soft appliances was more often combined with other treatment modalities compared to treatment with hard acrylic stabilisation appliances. Large variations were found between the 3 general dental clinics and the specialist clinic in respect of treatment indications, combinations with other treatment modalities, recording of clinical findings, follow-ups and evaluation of treatment results. General conclusion should, however, be made with caution due to the risk of selection bias. From the results of this study it is obvious that treatment with soft appliances is common in general dental practice in Sweden, despite the lack of scientific support for their efficacy, as well as effectiveness, compared to hard acrylic stabilisation appliances. There is an obvious need for investigations of the decision-making processes among dentists when performing treatment with interocclusal appliances, as well as for randomised controlled studies concerning efficacy and effectiveness of soft appliances.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Malocclusion.

Less than ideal interarch occlusal relationships rarely if ever cause significant untoward effects on the masticatory system. Parafunctional habits (such as bruxism and clenching) are responsible for excessive occlusal wear, fractured teeth, tooth mobility, the periodontal lesion of trauma from occlusion, fractured restorations, myofascial pain involving the muscles of mastication, and painful TMJs. Correction of the malocclusion with orthodontic procedures, restorative procedures, or occlusal adjustment by selective grinding will not control the parafunctional habits. Myofascial pain originating from the muscles of mastication is in an overwhelming number of cases a self-limiting problem. Therapy for this problem should not bring about any permanent physical changes to the patient's interarch occlusal relationships.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1985

The pathogenesis of excessive wear in the permanent teeth of sheep.

The two central pairs of permanent incisor teeth (l1P, I2P) were compared post mortem in sheep from two flocks, one of which showed excessive wear. Sheep were usually killed in groups of six. Excessive wear occurred during the winter and spring after the eruption of l1P. When l1P erupted at an early age it was also subject to that season;s wear but when it erupted at a later age, it was subject to less wear according to the amount of time it was in apposition with the dental pad during the high wear season. A small amount of compensatory growth at the root of the tooth occurred in some sheep when cementum was deposited on the apex. Apparent eruption of the crown of the tooth was actually due to gum recession. Normal reparative dentine was laid down in the pulp cavity of the crown of the tooth in anticipation of wear, but where wear was excessive unstructured dentine was deposited. In two cases the rate of wear was so great that the reparative dentine could not keep up and infection was able to gain access to the pulp cavity. There was no evidence of difference in the rate of wear of the molar teeth between the two flocks.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Three-body wear associated with three ceramics and enamel.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Wear of human enamel is a clinical concern whenever opposing teeth need to be restored using ceramic restorations. PURPOSE: This in vitro study investigated wear of human enamel and 3 dental ceramics: a conventional porcelain (Vitadur Alpha), a low-fusing hydrothermal ceramic (Duceram-LFC), and a machinable ceramic (Vita Mark II) in a 3-body wear test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty pairs of tooth-ceramic specimens were tested in a dental wear machine, under a standard load (40 N), rate (80 cycles/minute), and for 25,000 cycles in a simulated food slurry medium. Amount of wear was determined by measuring the height loss of the tooth and depth of wear track of the ceramic materials. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons method to produce sets of simultaneous 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: ANOVA revealed significant differences between the groups for both enamel wear (P =. 002) and ceramic wear (P <.001). Further comparisons (95% CI significance level) revealed that the difference in enamel wear produced by Alpha porcelain and Duceram-LFC ceramic material was not statistically significant, whereas that produced by Vita Mark II ceramic was significantly less. Vita Mark II ceramic was significantly more resistant to wear than Alpha porcelain and Duceram-LFC ceramic. Furthermore, Alpha porcelain was significantly more resistant to wear than Duceram-LFC ceramic. CONCLUSION: The abrasiveness of Alpha porcelain and Duceram-LFC ceramic was similar, yet both were significantly more abrasive than Vita Mark II ceramic. In addition, Vita Mark II was the most wear-resistant ceramic and Duceram-LFC ceramic the least resistant.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Wear of composite resin restorations in primary versus permanent molar teeth.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the wear rates of posterior composite resin restorations in primary versus permanent teeth. Based on theories of composite wear in primary molars, as well as on empirical observations, we hypothesized that wear would be greater in permanent tooth restorations. In Part I of the study, quantitative wear data from four different clinical trials (three permanent tooth studies and one primary tooth study) were compared. The same posterior composite restorative material was investigated in each of the four studies. In Part II of the study, quantitative wear data were drawn from a single clinical trial wherein the same experimental posterior composite material was placed in primary and permanent molars in the same children. In Part II, the baseline sample size included posterior composite restorations placed in 92 primary and 95 permanent molars in all children (ages 7-10). Quantitative wear data were obtained by the cast assessment method at baseline, six, 12, and 24 months. The 24-month sample size was based on 48 available primary molar restorations and 89 permanent molar restorations. The loss of primary restorations was due almost exclusively to natural exfoliations. Findings in Part I revealed no significant difference in the wear of primary versus permanent molar restorations. In Part II, wear findings for primary molar versus permanent teeth, respectively, were as follows (in micrometers): 47 versus 49 at six months; 86 versus 80 at 12 months; and 133 versus 131 at 24 months. With a Wilcoxon two-sample test and an alpha level of 0.05, there were no significant differences at any recall for the wear rate of primary versus permanent restorations. These results differ sharply from findings reported by others.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Direct posterior restorations: clinical results and new developments.

The longevity of dental restorations is dependent on many different factors, including those related to materials, the dentist, and the patient. The main reasons for restoration failure are secondary caries, fracture of the bulk of the restoration or of the tooth, and marginal deficiencies and wear. The importance of direct-placement, aesthetic, tooth-colored restorative materials is still increasing. Amalgam restorations are being replaced because of alleged adverse health effects and inferior aesthetic appearance. All alternative restorative materials and procedures, however, have certain limitations. Direct composite restorations require a time-consuming and more costly treatment procedure and are actually only indicated for patients with excellent oral hygiene. Glass ionomers can be considered only as long-term provisional restorations in stress-bearing posterior cavities. Future treatment regimens that are made possible by the development of sophisticated preparation techniques, improved dentin bonding agents, and resin-based restorative materials will result in the therapy of more small-sized lesions rather than large restorations. The importance of indirect inlay techniques will shift more and more toward the direct restoratives. As the cavities become smaller, it is to be expected that the use of improved direct restorative materials will provide excellent longevity even in stress-bearing situations.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1999

The occurrence of toothwear in users of Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine).

UNLABELLED: Ecstasy users have reported that dry mouth, jaw tension and tooth grinding were common side effects of its use although the influence of these effects upon toothwear have not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare incisal and occlusal toothwear in Ecstasy users and a group of non-users of Ecstasy but users of other drugs. METHODS: Groups were established by a snowball peer information network from visitors to the "drop-in" Maryland Centre in Liverpool. Volunteers completed a questionnaire about social life, drug use and diet. Clinical examination for wear on the incisal edges and on canine tips was conducted with a mirror and probe, whereas occlusal wear was recorded in impressions and subsequently scored from stone replica casts. The degree of toothwear was scored according to the criteria of the Tooth Wear Index (Smith & Knight, Br Dent J 1984;157:16). RESULTS: Ecstasy users (n = 30) were compared with non-users (n = 28). Toothwear through the enamel into the underlying dentine occurred in 18 (60%) Ecstasy users but in only three (11%) non-users. The overall mean toothwear score in Ecstasy users was 0.63 compared with 0.16 in non-users (t = 4.34, P < 0.001). Dry mouth was reported by 93% of Ecstasy users whilst 89% stated that they clenched or ground their teeth after taking the drug. Tooth grinding commonly continued into the following morning. Carbonated (acidic) beverages were consumed by 93% of the users with a mean of three cans per "trip". CONCLUSION: The severity of toothwear and the number of teeth affected were greater in Ecstasy users than in a group of non-users. The occlusal surfaces were more commonly affected than the incisal, which may indicate jaw clenching rather than grinding as a feature of Ecstasy-induced muscle hyperactivity.

England↗
PubMed2004

A new 3-d approach to determine functional morphology of cercopithecoid molars.

Functional relationships between diet and tooth morphology form an integral part of primatological and paleontological research. Previously, mostly two-dimensional parameters have been used to compare and interpret the complex crown morphology of cercopithecine and colobine molars. However, as teeth are three-dimensional objects, any dimensional reduction in describing their morphology must result in loss of information. In the current study we use a high resolution optical topometric system to record crown morphology in different wear stages in order to extract three-dimensional (3-d) parameters from virtual 3-d models. Structural parameters such as relief index, occlusal surface area, enamel area and strike and dip of cusp slopes as well as wear facets can be calculated, reflecting the changing occlusal topography of molars due to attrition and abrasion. By comparing mostly fruit-eating cercopithecines and leaf-eating colobines, functional implications of tooth wear, occlusal jaw movement and resulting relief can be inferred. Our analyses show that the main differences in occlusal relief between these genera do not change with wear. Colobines maintain higher occlusal relief, whereas in cercopithecines all cusps wear flat quite rapidly. Detailed models of wear for cercopithecoid molars will be used to reconstruct diet and will enhance our knowledge of the paleoecology of Cercopithecoidea.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A novel approach to evaluating the reproducibility of a replication technique for the manufacture of electroconductive replicas for use in quantitative clinical dental wear studies.

The assessment of the progression of tooth surface loss has until recently been limited to either the application of subjective ranking scales or visual comparison of sequential study casts. The development of quantitative measuring techniques offers the potential of greater accuracy and sensitivity. As direct intra-oral measurement is problematical such approaches often utilize impressions of the teeth, recorded at different epochs, to construct replicas for mapping and comparison. This in vitro investigation sought to determine the reproducibility of such an approach taking into account the total process chain. Two inlay cavities (one large, one small) were prepared in the palatal aspect of a plastic maxillary central incisor and restored with two flush fitting inlays. A series of impressions of this tooth were recorded, using a special tray and an addition cured light bodied silicone impression material (President, Coltene, Switzerland), with (a) both inlays in (b) both inlays out (c) large inlay out and small inlay in (d) large inlay in and small inlay out - a total of 16 impressions. Electroconductive replicas were fabricated from these and mapped using a computer controlled probe. Each series simulated wear of the tooth. A surface matching and difference detection algorithm was then used to compare each series of replicas and calculate the proportion of the surface undergoing simulated wear by a direct comparison of (a) matched to (b) or, indirectly as the summation of the results of matches of (a) with (c) and (a) with (d). The mean proportion of the surface with wear calculated directly was 26.6% (s.d.=0.6) and indirectly 26.1% (s.d. = 0.5). A one-way anova revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05). It is concluded that determining wear by this method is highly reproducible.

Algorithms↗