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PubMed2006

Burnout in the working population: relations to psychosocial work factors.

This study investigated levels of burnout in the general population irrespective of occupation and relations between burnout and psychosocial work factors. A cross-sectional survey featuring sleep problems, psychological distress, burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey), and psychosocial factors at work, was mailed to a random sample of 3,000 participants, aged 20-60. Response rate was 61%. A high level (18%), a low level (19%), and an intermediate group (63%) for burnout were constructed. The high level group was associated with those who were > 50 years old, women, those experiencing psychological distress, and those with a poor psychosocial work climate. The analyses on variables significant in previous analyses showed that the high level group was strongly related to high demands, low control, lack of social support, and disagreeing about values at the workplace even when accounting for age, gender, and psychological distress. We conclude that psychosocial work factors are important in association to burnout regardless of occupation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The question of interdisciplinary work in the daily work of a nurse in a mental health day care center].

This study aim is the nurses perceptions inside the mental health daily attention centre and the interdisciplinary aspect their work. This study has emerged from the necessity of understanding the work and participation of the nurses who act in those new places together with a interdisciplinary group, taking into consideration that graduation does not educate nurses for this kind of work. The interdisciplinary work has been seen as a sine qua non condition for optimising care for people who suffer from serious psychological illness as it is in the II National Conference of Mental Health, the Caracas Conference and the Health Ministry 224 Edict. Quantitative study has been used in order to value each nurse experience as well as his/her professional history in Mental Care Exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[The nurse's work at a hospital supply center and his/her place in the care for nursing work].

This is a study on nurses' work at central supply units (CSUs) with the aim of analyzing his/her social reality and transforming role in the caring process in health and nursing. It's a strategic research, with speech analysis of CSU nurses. Results show that their main activity is management, in a structured process that confirms the traditional nursing practice, having as object the coordination of medical-hospital material processing used for care. Their work is characterized by indirect care, and is instrumental not only for nurses' work, but for the work of other professionals as well. As a result, it not identified as specific nursing care, nor as care provided by the nurse. Its transforming potential upon relations and new production modes of care in health, and by the nurse, will occur first through his/her competence in the specific knowledge about CSUs than through his/her administrative skills.

Central Supply, Hospital↗

PubMed2001

The work environment justice fund: five years of funding work environment justice in Massachusetts.

This article provides an assessment of the impact of five years of funding on work environment justice in Massachusetts. It first outlines the economic, historical, and political context in the 1990s in Massachusetts. Next, it describes the distribution of the Work Environment Justice Fund grants in detail by amounts presented, types of organizations and grants funded, and geographic representation of grantees. A discussion of the lessons learned from the work funded by the WEJF introduces a summary of major accomplishments of the grantees. The report concludes with recommendations for continuation and expansion of funding for grassroots work environment justice in Massachusetts.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Types of organic solvents used in workplaces and work environment conditions with special references to reproducibility of work environment classification.

A survey of solvent was conducted for 196 unit work areas in 95 plants in 1994 to 1996 in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The survey had been repeated every 6 months (i.e., twice a year) during the 3-year period. Sampling and analysis of the solvent vapors were carried out after national protocols set by the regulation. Toluene was most frequently detected regardless of the type of solvent work (except for degreasing), whereas the second- and the third-most common solvents varied depending on the type of solvent works. Among chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents for degreasing, dichloromethane was most widely used. Solvent concentrations were generally low as none of the median concentrations exceeded corresponding Administrative Control Levels set by the regulation, either individually or even when the assumption of additiveness was applied. Among the 1176 cases analyzed, 80% of the unit work areas were evaluated as adequate (i.e., classified as Class I). Furthermore, about 57% stayed in Class I throughout the 3 years, suggesting that solvent exposure conditions were generally quite stable. In regulatory evaluation by classification, A-sampling was decisive in most cases, whereas the role of B-sampling was limited.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed2006

Prediction of work rehabilitation placements using the Chinese Work Personality Profile.

This study aims to evaluate the application of a situational assessment instrument, the Chinese Work Personality Profile (CWPP), to predict the work rehabilitation placements of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Using the five CWPP subscale scores as predictors, both discriminant and classification and regression tree analysis showed that the CWPP scores correctly identified more than 80% of the work rehabilitation placements of the 179 participants. Social skills, self-control, and task orientation factors of the CWPP were the most important predictors of work rehabilitation placements, and clinical implications for these results were discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Publishing the works of Nicholas Culpeper, astrological herbalist and translator of Latin medical works in seventeenth-century London.

This investigation attempts primarily to untangle the complex publishing history of the works of Nicholas Culpeper (1616-54), astrological herbalist and translator of Latin medical works. It therefore identifies those works published in seventeenth-century London: the study indicates that London stationers capitalized on the reputation of Nicholas Culpeper to build the widest possible market for his original astrological/herbal medical works and his translations from continental authors.

Astrology↗

PubMed1975

Problems related to shift work. A field study of Swedish railroad workers with irregular work hours.

A group of 132 engineers from the north of Sweden was included in the study. A subsample of about 50 subjects was selected for further laboratory investigations during a light and warm summer period and a dark and cold winter period. The mean for the hours of sleep noted on the sleep records was significantly lower for night work than for day work. The amount of sleep during night work was significantly less during the light period than during the dark period as was the amount of sleep during the day off. Body temperature measured during work followed a daytime pattern and had a low amplitude. Potassium excretion and the blood levels of cortisol displayed a stable circadian rhythm with a daytime pattern. Many environmental factors made the results of catecholamine data difficult to interpret. The frequency of reported peptic ulcers was higher in the engineer group than in some other groups.

Body Temperature↗

PubMed1990

Medical women in the middle: family or career? Periods not working and part-time work amongst women doctors who qualified in 1974 and 1977.

This paper is based on work which has been in progress for the past 13 years. Longitudinal data are presented on doctors who graduated from United Kingdom schools in 1974 and 1977 who reported periods of unemployment of at least three months' duration each, or who have worked part-time. The results reveal how their patterns of non-employment and part-time work have changed over the years. As expected, women were more likely to have been unemployed or to have worked part-time and these differences were strongly linked to marriage and child-bearing. Finally, some of the implications for the career prospects of women doctors are discussed.

Career Mobility↗

PubMed1996

Cutting healthcare costs through work force reductions. Studies find what works and what doesn't.

Restructuring to cut costs often involves work force reductions. Two recent studies of restructuring in healthcare organizations have found that how an organization reduces its work force is just as important as whether it does. Organizations that implemented across-the-board staff cuts achieved limited cost savings. They also experienced decreased clinical quality, reduced patient satisfaction, and increased staff turnover. However, organizations that reduced their work forces only after a thorough assessment of work processes and job roles achieved greater cost savings, improved clinical quality, higher patient satisfaction, and less staff turnover.

Cost Savings↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Self-managed work teams: what works?

Case studies have shown that under the right circumstances, employees within self-managed work teams (SMWTs) produce more at work than employees organized in a more hierarchical, traditional structure because they perform not only technical skills, but management skills as well. The purpose of this article is to clarify the specific factors most important to an SMWT's success. The information shared here comes from three sources. The primary source is a research project funded by a 3-year grant (1994-1997) from the National Science Foundation. The primary factors found to affect the success of SMWTs formed five groups. Work process factors include those that are needed when actually performing the work, such as the appropriate resources, talent, procedures, and effort. Interpersonal process factors include communication and both positive and negative conflict. Environmental factors include those within the SMWT'S organization, such as management support and the reward system, as well as factors outside the organization, such as suppliers and the market. Team design factors and team member characteristics were found to be equally important to the high performance of the SMWT.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed2001

Part-time work and hurried adolescence: the links among work intensity, social activities, health behaviors, and substance use.

The present study examines adolescents' part-time work intensity and its relation to participation in various activities as well as substance use. We consider mechanisms articulated in two theoretical perspectives on how high work intensity is associated with substance use: (1) the "time trade-off perspective," and (2) "the precocious development perspective." Nationally representative data were drawn from the "Monitoring the Future" project from 8th, 10th and 12th grade students (overall N approximately 380,000) to address our research questions. Work intensity was found to be linked to more time spent on unstructured social activities, but to less time spent engaged in sports, health behaviors, and school-related activities. Social time use and health behaviors were found to partially mediate the relationship between work hours and substance use. Overall, results provide evidence for a combination of both perspectives.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Work overload in the perception of nurses working at hospitals].

This article presents the first part of a qualitative research in which we interviewed ten nurses that were burnout with work and ten that were not. The objective was to comprehend how they experience burnout situations. The interviews were analysed according to Content Analysis Technique. The "overload of work" category was the most frequent in the participants' speeches. All the nurses with burnout made reference to this category about tem times, while relating the situations they consider to cause burnout. In the other hand, nurses without burnout only related to it once or twice. The overload of work appears as a consequence of "accumulated functions" on their daily activities and from the consequent "time pressure" they suffer. The speeches reflect the nurse's work organization which, frequently, is difficult to practice in a strict way, leading some professionals to make decisions sometimes considered contradictory.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

[An alternative to alcohol at the work site. General practice test of an electrolyte beverage in hot work environments].

A survey was performed in 1989 by the Institute of Social Medicine and the Austrian Workers Compensation Board(AUVA) to investigated the alcohol problem in 277 factories in which the workers were exposed to hot and dusty atmospheres. As a result of the findings, a further study was undertaken by the same research team to investigate one possible solution to the problem of alcohol consumption at work in a paper-producing factory, predominantly under hot and dusty conditions. The study was well prepared by many activities in the field of health promotion. In this trial, an electrolyte drink especially suited for heat-burdened work places, was introduced for three months as alternative drink to alcohol. Before and after this period the employees answered a questionnaire regarding their alcohol consumption and any changes in consumption habits. One of the main results of the study was the significant increase in electrolyte drink consumption and decrease in wine consumption although that of beer remained practically unchanged. The offered electrolyte drink was accepted as alternative drink by many workers and represents a practical example of health promotion at the place of work. This study should encourage other factories and businesses to experiment with electrolyte drinks especially suited to their particular conditions in an attempt to overcome the problem of alcohol consumption during working hours.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1989

[A physiologic hygiene assessment of the work of female telephone operators at a city directory-information service while working with display terminals].

Physiologic and hygienic characteristics of body functioning state of female telephone operators working with displays in the inquiry information service "09" are presented. Insignificant changes of the cardiovascular system and functional state of the central nervous and neuromuscular systems have been detected along with the deterioration of visual function. The above changes are associated with neuroemotional stress during the work with video terminals and testify to distinct, sometimes quite significant fatigue. The necessity for optimization of work load and work organization of telephone operators by means of the development and introduction of rational work/rest regimes is set forth.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Limited duty work: an innovative approach to early return to work.

One of the costly and difficult problems facing industry today is providing work for employees who have been injured on the job and are limited to some degree following the injury. Limited duty work is a job that is appropriate to an injured worker's skills, interests, and capabilities. One method of developing a plan for limited duty work is to set up a multidisciplinary task force to determine the most appropriate type of program for a particular organization. Intervention by the occupational health nurse is essential to the positive outcome of the rehabilitative process. Early return to productive work is an important facet of rehabilitation.

Humans↗

PubMed1988

Work-related therapy for the injured reduces return-to-work barriers.

A work hardening program such as the one Mary experienced is designed to assist with case resolution and maximum rehabilitation as expediently and cost effectively as possible. For the worker who cannot successfully return to work due to injury or illness, work hardening is a means of determining what the barriers are to returning to work. As case history showed these barriers often are much more than physical. However, this does not mean that the worker has deep rooted psychological problems. Most of the time, the worker is demonstrating a normal situational reaction to the injury, and once identified, the issues can be resolved expediently.

Back Pain↗

PubMed1986

[Preliminary results of studies on the incidence, causes and effects of accidents at work in the Bełchatów Industrial District. II. Indirect causes of accidents at work].

The work is a continuation of studies of accidents at work at the Belchatów Industrial District. Analysed have been indirect factors causing accidents at work. Those factors were found to cause accidents much more often than the direct ones. They are particularly significant for young workers. The season, month, day of month, consecutive working hour and climate did not significantly affect the frequency of accidents.

Accidents, Occupational↗