PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “sensory function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Task-dependent modulation of silent period duration in focal hand dystonia.

Focal hand dystonia (FHD) is a movement disorder that is also associated with impaired sensory function and sensorimotor integration. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of inhibitory function in the motor cortex during the performance of four motor tasks (isometric pinch grip, writing, texture discrimination, and a phasic control task) in 8 FHD and 8 control subjects. The affected hands of the FHD subjects and the dominant hands of the control subjects were tested. Inhibitory function was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation to evoke a silent period in the ongoing electromyographic activity of the target muscle (first dorsal interosseous). There was no difference between FHD subjects and control subjects in silent period duration, which was significantly longer during the phasic texture discrimination and phasic control task than during the isometric pinch or writing. This finding suggests that the phasic nature of the task may increase cortical inhibitory function, rather than the sensory discrimination task itself. The accuracy of texture discrimination was significantly lower in FHD subjects than in control subjects. Sensory discrimination tasks do not appear to directly modulate the inhibitory processes responsible for the duration of the silent period.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Results of cable graft technique in repair of large nerve trunk lesions.

Cable grafting was reintroduced in the beginning of the 1980's as a modified method for repair of large polyfascicular nerves without group arrangement such as trunks and cords of the brachial plexus, sciatic nerve and its divisions, or the other main nerve trunks. We used this method in 25 patients with brachial plexus injury and 29 patients with injuries to the sciatic nerve. Results were analyzed according to the individual nerve elements and were available for 32 elements of the brachial plexus and for 19 tibial and 19 peroneal divisions of the sciatic nerve. We defined useful functional recovery according to the priorities in repair of the brachial plexus and sciatic nerve with lower limits M3 for relevant muscles and functions and S2 for sensory function. Results were especially favourable for the brachial plexus with a total rate of recovery 84% and for tibial division with the same total rate of recovery. On the basis of the results obtained we were able to conclude that the results of the modified cable grafting were at least similar to those of interfascicular nerve grafting and that this method could be useful for repair of large polyfascicular nerve trunks. However, the main advantage of this technique is a considerable gain in operative time.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Biphalin, an enkephalin analog with unexpectedly high antinociceptive potency and low dependence liability in vivo, selectively antagonizes excitatory opioid receptor functions of sensory neurons in culture.

The mechanism of action of the dimeric enkephalin peptide, biphalin (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2)2, which was previously shown to have remarkable high antinociceptive potency and low dependence liability in vivo, has now been studied by electrophysiologic analyses of its effects on the action potential duration (APD) of nociceptive types of sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in culture. Acute application of biphalin (pM-microM) elicited only dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible inhibitory (APD-shortening) effects on DRG neurons. Furthermore, at pM concentrations that evoked little or no alteration of the APD of DRG neurons biphalin selectively antagonized excitatory (APD-prolonging) effects of low (fM-nM) concentrations of bimodally-acting mu and delta opioid agonists and unmasked potent inhibitory effects of these opioids. This dual opioid inhibitory-agonist/excitatory-antagonist property of biphalin is remarkably similar to that previously observed in studies of the ultra-potent opioid analgesic, etorphine on DRG neurons and in sharp contrast to the excitatory agonist action of most mu, delta and kappa opioid alkaloids and peptides when tested at low (pM-nM) concentrations. Chronic treatment of DRG neurons with high (microM) concentrations of biphalin did not result in supersensitivity to the excitatory effects of naloxone nor in tolerance to opioid inhibition effects, in contrast to the excitatory opioid supersensitivity and tolerance that develop in chronic morphine- or DADLE-treated, but not chronic etorphine-treated, neurons. These studies on DRG neurons in vitro may help to account for the unexpectedly high antinociceptive potency and low dependence liability of biphalin as well as etorphine in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Phencyclidine and behavior: I. Sensory-motor function, activity level, taste aversion and water intake.

Phencyclidine (PCP) injections in rats at doses of 4 mg/kh increased activity level, which might have been a function of impaired habituation. At doses of 8 mg/kg PCP produced a marked reduction in activity level. At doses of 12 mg/kg and above there were profound disruptive effects in detection of odors, visual square and touch measures, and performance of placing reflexes requiring visuo-motor coordination, righting, grasping reflexes, and equilibrium. Decreases in water intake occurred only at higher dose levels of PCP (16 and 24 mg/kg). On a qualitative basis the changes observed in rats are similar to changes described for humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Multiple sensory and functional effects of non-phenolic aminodimethylene nonivamide: an approach to capsaicin antagonist.

1. Hexylaminodimethylene nonivamide (CAPCNC6, 0.1-10 microM) inhibited the contractility of isolated guinea pig right atria, toxically revealed positive inotropic, chronotropic and then a cardiac arrest effect at 100 microM and inhibited capsaicin (1.0 microM)-induced cardiotonic effects. 2. CAPCNC6 (0.1-10 microM)-induced aorta contractions were inhibited in the presence of flunarizine, atropine, phentolamine, Ca(2+)-free solution and pre-treatment of the animal with capsaicin. 3. CAPCNC6 (1.0-300 microM)-induced trachea contractions were inhibited in the presence of capsazepine, ruthenium red, hCGRP8-37 and pre-treatment of the animal with capsaicin.

Amides↗
PubMed2003

Roundabout gene family functions during sensory axon guidance in the drosophila embryo are mediated by both Slit-dependent and Slit-independent mechanisms.

roundabout (robo) family genes play key roles in axon guidance in a wide variety of animals. We have investigated the roles of the robo family members, robo, robo2, and robo3, in the guidance of sensory axons in the Drosophila embryo. In robo(-/-), slit(-/-), and robo(-/+) slit(-/+) mutants, lateral cluster sensory neurons misproject to cells and axons in the nearby ventral' (v') cluster. These phenotypes, together with the normal expression pattern of Slit and Robo, suggest that Slit ligand secreted from the epidermis interacts with Robo receptors on lateral cluster sensory growth cones to limit their exploration of nearby attractive substrates. The most common sensory axon phenotype seen in robo2(-/-) mutants was misprojection of dorsal cluster sensory axons away from their normal growth substrate, the transverse connective of the trachea. slit appears to play no role in this aspect of sensory axon growth. Robo2 is expressed, not on the dorsal sensory axons, but on the transverse connective. These results suggest a novel, non-cell-autonomous mechanism for axon guidance by robo family genes: Robo2 expressed on the trachea acts as an attractant for the dorsal sensory growth cones.

Animals↗