PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Position of the American Dietetic Association: breaking the barriers to breastfeeding.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) that broad-based efforts are needed to break the barriers to breastfeeding initiation and duration. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and breastfeeding with complementary foods for at least 12 months is the ideal feeding pattern for infants. Increases in initiation and duration are needed to realize the health, nutritional, immunological, psychological, economical, and environmental benefits of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding initiation rates have increased, but cultural barriers to breastfeeding, especially against breastfeeding for 6 months and longer, still exist. Gaps in rates of breastfeeding based on age, race, and socioeconomic status remain. Children benefit from the biologically unique properties of human milk including protection from illness with resulting economic benefits. Mother's benefits include reduced rates of premenopausal breast and ovarian cancers. Appropriate lactation management is a critical component of successful breastfeeding for healthy women. Lactation support and management is even more important in women and children with special needs caused by physical or developmental disability, disease, or limited resources. Dietetics professionals have a responsibility to support breastfeeding through appropriate education and training, advocacy, and legislative action; through collaboration with other professional groups; and through research to eliminate the barriers to breastfeeding.

Attitude↗
PubMed2002

Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition services in managed care.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that medical nutrition therapy is an essential component of disease management and healthcare provided by managed care organizations, and that such care must be provided by qualified nutrition professionals. Compared with traditional fee-for-service reimbursement systems, managed care presents new opportunities for dietetics professionals. Until recently, the lack of billing infrastructure has handicapped nutrition providers who wish to bill for their services and has made it difficult to track the outcomes of nutrition care. With the publication of current procedure terminology codes for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the implementation of MNT benefits in Medicare part B for diabetes and nondialysis kidney disease, commercial payers, including managed care organizations (MCOs) are likely to implement or expand their coverage of MNT. A large body of evidence supports the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of MNT coverage within managed care plans. This evidence includes cost analyses of conditions treated by MNT, and clinical trial data confirming the efficacy of MNT in improving patient outcomes. MNT is also an important part of national standards of care for many chronic disease conditions. Based on evidence supporting the role of MNT in improving patient outcomes, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended that MNT services be reimbursed by Medicare when patients are referred by a physician. Provision of appropriate MNT can also help MCOs meet accreditation and quality standards established by entities such as the National Committee for Quality Assurance and the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. Much of the work required to secure a place for MNT in MCOs will be done at the practitioner level, by nutrition professionals themselves. Registered dietitians must market MNT to their customers in managed care by addressing the needs of each player. By emphasizing the importance of MNT and other cost-effective forms of preventive care and disease management, MCOs will be well positioned to improve population health at modest cost.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Position of the American Dietetic Association: medical nutrition therapy and pharmacotherapy.

It is the position of The American Dietetic Association that medical nutrition therapy and lifestyle counseling are integral components of medical treatment for the management of selected conditions for which pharmacotherapy is indicated. The Association promotes a team approach to care for clients receiving pharmacotherapy and encourages active collaboration among dietetics professionals and other members of the health care team. Numerous chronic medical conditions respond to medical nutrition therapy; however, pharmacotherapy may be needed to achieve control. In some cases, medical nutrition therapy and pharmacotherapy may need to be initiated simultaneously. Medical nutrition therapy is critical to the management of a variety of chronic diseases, is effective in managing disease, and is cost-effective. The use of a coordinated multidisciplinary team effort is critical to the success of medical nutrition therapy and pharmacotherapy. Because medical nutrition therapy with pharmacotherapy is a treatment of long duration that requires monitoring of compliance and effectiveness, it is best accomplished through a team approach.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

Position of the American Dietetic Association: local support for nutrition integrity in schools.

It is the position of The American Dietetic Association that the school and community have a shared responsibility to provide all students with access to high-quality foods and nutrition services as an integral part of the total education program. Educational goals, including the nutrition goals of the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program, should be supported and extended through school district policies that create an overall school environment with learning experiences that enable students to develop lifelong, healthful eating habits. Local school policy, developed through a collaborative process that responds to community needs and priorities, should include the integration of the school nutrition program with education. Nutrition integrity policy provides a framework for the integration and coordination of all aspects of the school nutrition program. Nutrition integrity is defined as "a guaranteed level of performance that ensures that all foods available and consumed by children in schools are consistent with the Recommended Dietary Allowances and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and contribute to the development of lifelong, healthy eating habits." Achieving nutrition integrity means taking a comprehensive approach to program planning, management, operations, and integration of nutrition into the total education program of the school. The community is a valuable resource for this effort. Collaboration between key school- and community-based constituents, including children and other stakeholders, will result in the most effective and relevant plans for local school nutrition programs. However, competing and profit-making food and beverage sales may create a conflicting environment and can contradict lessons taught in health and nutrition education. This position provides direction for the dietetics profession for addressing this issue along with providing a suggested action plan for local schools and their communities.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Position of the American Dietetic Association: child and adolescent food and nutrition programs.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that all children and adolescents, regardless of age, sex, socioeconomic status, racial diversity, ethnic diversity, linguistic diversity, or health status, should have access to food and nutrition programs that ensure the availability of a safe and adequate food supply that promotes optimal physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth and development. Appropriate food and nutrition programs include food assistance and meal programs, nutrition education initiatives, and nutrition screening and assessment followed by appropriate nutrition intervention and anticipatory guidance to promote optimal nutrition status. Food and nutrition programs create a safety net that ensures that children and adolescents at risk for poor nutritional intakes have access to a safe, adequate, and nutritious food supply and nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention. It is important that continued funding be provided for these programs, which consistently have been shown to have a positive impact on child and adolescent health and well-being. Food and nutrition programs serve as a means to prevent or reduce hunger and food insecurity, but also as a vehicle for nutrition education and promotion of physical activity designed to prevent or reduce overweight and prevent chronic disease. It is the role of the registered dietitian to support adequate and sustained funding for food and nutrition programs, universal health care reimbursement for nutrition services, and the use of research and surveillance programs to evaluate and improve these programs. In addition, the registered dietitian and dietetic technician, registered, are responsible for serving as a nutrition resource to all groups and individuals providing services to children and adolescents, acting as an advocate for the establishment of child-care, school, and community settings conducive to the development of good nutrition habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Position of the American Dietetic Association: child and adolescent food and nutrition programs.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that all children and adolescents, regardless of age; gender; socioeconomic status; racial, ethnic, or linguistic diversity; or health status should have access to food and nutrition programs that ensure the availability of a safe and adequate food supply that promotes optimal physical, cognitive, and social growth and development. Appropriate food and nutrition programs include food assistance and meal programs, nutrition education initiatives, nutrition screening and assessment followed by appropriate nutrition intervention, and anticipatory guidance to promote optimal nutrition status. Malnutrition has been linked to delayed physical, psychosocial, and cognitive development and is now recognized as a major contributor to the growing problem of overweight and obesity in the child and adolescent population. Food and nutrition programs create a safety net that ensures that children and adolescents at risk for poor nutritional intakes have access to a safe, adequate, and nutritious food supply and nutrition screening, assessment evaluation, and intervention. It is important that continued funding be provided for these programs, which have been consistently shown to have a positive impact on child and adolescent well-being. Food and nutrition programs will continue to serve not only as a means to combat hunger and food insecurity but also as a vehicle for nutrition education and promotion of physical activity designed to combat overweight and prevent chronic disease. It is the role of the credentialed dietetics professional to support permanent, adequate funding to food and nutrition programs, universal health-care reimbursement for nutrition services, and the use of research and surveillance programs to justify, evaluate, and improve these programs. In addition, the dietetics professional is responsible for serving as a nutrition resource to all groups and individuals working with children and adolescents, acting as an advocate for the establishment of child-care, school, and community settings conducive to the development of good nutrition habits. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:887-893.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Position of the American Dietetic Association: Addressing world hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) that access to adequate amounts of safe, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food at all times is a fundamental human right. Hunger continues to be a worldwide problem of staggering proportions. The Association supports programs and encourages practices that combat hunger and malnutrition, produce food security, promote self-sufficiency, and are environmentally and economically sustainable. The Association is aware that hunger exists in a world of plenty and that poverty, gender inequity, ethnocentrism, racism, and the lack of political will are key constraints to solving the problems of global hunger and malnutrition. Recognizing that simplistic approaches are inadequate, the ADA identifies sustainable development as the long-term strategy to ending world hunger and achieving food security. Sustainable development requires political, economic, and social changes that include empowering the disenfranchised, widening access to assets and other resources, narrowing the gap between rich and poor, and adjusting consumption patterns so as to foster good stewardship of nature. Additionally, because the health status of future generations is related to the well-being of their mothers, achieving food security will also require increased access for women to education, adequate health care and sanitation, and economic opportunities. This position paper reviews the complex issues of global food insecurity and discusses long-term solutions for achieving world food security. Achieving the end of world hunger has been and is now within our grasp. There is sufficient food to feed everyone, and solutions can be realized now that will benefit all of humanity. As noted in the paper, most people who examine the costs of ending versus not ending world hunger are bewildered by the question of why humanity did not solve the problem a long time ago. The Association supports programs and encourages practices that combat hunger and malnutrition, produce food security, promote self-sufficiency, respect local cultures, and are environmentally and economically sustainable. The ADA recognizes that decisions and actions that dietetics professionals make as practitioners and consumers can help reduce the extent of poverty and hunger both here and abroad. This paper provides information, resources, and strategies to assist dietetics professionals in improving the public's understanding of key issues, becoming advocates of the poor, and influencing the political will to end world hunger.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrition intervention in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that nutrition intervention, including nutritional counseling, by a registered dietitian (RD) is an essential component of the team treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders during assessment and treatment across the continuum of care. Diagnostic criteria for eating disorders provide important guidelines for identification and treatment. However, it is thought that a continuum of disordered eating may exist that ranges from persistent dieting to subthreshold conditions and then to defined eating disorders, which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Understanding the complexities of eating disorders, such as influencing factors, comorbid illness, medical and psychological complications, and boundary issues, is critical in the effective treatment of eating disorders. The nature of eating disorders requires a collaborative approach by an interdisciplinary team of psychological, nutritional, and medical specialists. The RD is an integral member of the treatment team and is uniquely qualified to provide medical nutrition therapy for the normalization of eating patterns and nutritional status. RDs provide nutritional counseling, recognize clinical signs related to eating disorders, and assist with medical monitoring while cognizant of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy that are cornerstones of eating disorder treatment. Specialized resources are available for RDs to advance their level of expertise in the field of eating disorders. Further efforts with evidenced-based research must continue for improved treatment outcomes related to eating disorders along with identification of effective primary and secondary interventions.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed2002

Position of the American Dietetic Association: total diet approach to communicating food and nutrition information.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that all foods can fit into a healthful eating style. The ADA strives to communicate healthful eating messages to the public that emphasize the total diet, or overall pattern of food eaten, rather than any one food or meal. If consumed in moderation with appropriate portion size and combined with regular physical activity, all foods can fit into a healthful diet. Public policies that support the total diet approach include Reference Dietary Intakes, Food Guide Pyramid, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Nutrition Labeling and Healthy People 2010. The value of a food should be determined within the context of the total diet because classifying foods as "good" or "bad" may foster unhealthy eating behaviors. Eating practices are influenced by taste and food preferences, concerns about nutrition and weight control, physiology, lifestyle, environment, and food product safety. To increase the effectiveness of nutrition education in promoting sensible food choices, dietetics professionals plan communications and educational programs that utilize theories and models related to human behavior. Communication campaigns/programs should implement an active, behaviorally focused approach within the larger context of food choices. Nutrition confusion can be reduced by emphasizing moderation, appropriate portion size, balance and adequacy of the total diet over time, the importance of obtaining nutrients from foods, and physical activity.

Advertising↗
PubMed2002

Position of the American Dietetic Association: ethical and legal issues in nutrition, hydration, and feeding.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that the development of clinical and ethical criteria for the nutrition and hydration of persons through the life span should be established by members of the health care team. Registered dietitians should work collaboratively to make nutrition, hydration, and feeding recommendations in individual cases. Registered dietitians have an active role in determining the nutrition and hydration requirements for individuals throughout the life span. When patients choose to forgo artificial nutrition and hydration, or when patients lack decision-making capacity, and others must decide whether or not to provide artificial nutrition and hydration, the registered dietitian has an active and responsible professional role in the ethical deliberation around that decision. There is strong clinical, ethical, and legal support both for and against the administration of food and water when issues arise regarding what is or is not wanted by the patient and what is or is not warranted by empirical clinical evidence. When a conflict arises, the decision to administer or withhold nutrition and hydration requires ethical deliberation. The registered dietitian's understanding of nutrition and hydration within the context of nutritional requirements and cultural, social, psychological, and spiritual needs provides an essential basis for ethical deliberation on issues of nutrition and hydration.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed2005

Position of the American Dietetic Association: Liberalization of the diet prescription improves quality of life for older adults in long-term care.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) that the quality of life and nutritional status of older residents in long-term care facilities may be enhanced by liberalization of the diet prescription. The Association advocates the use of qualified dietetics professionals to assess and evaluate the need for medical nutrition therapy according to each person's individual medical condition, needs, desires, and rights. In 2003, ADA designated aging as its second "emerging" area. Nutrition care in long-term settings must meet two goals: maintenance of health and promotion of quality of life. The Nutrition Care Process includes assessment of nutritional status through development of an individualized nutrition intervention plan. Medical nutrition therapy must balance medical needs and individual desires and maintain quality of life. The recent paradigm shift from restrictive institutions to vibrant communities for older adults requires dietetics professionals to be open-minded when assessing risks vs benefits of therapeutic diets, especially for frail older adults. Food is an essential component of quality of life; an unacceptable or unpalatable diet can lead to poor food and fluid intake, resulting in weight loss and undernutrition and a spiral of negative health effects. Facilities are adopting new attitudes toward providing care. "Person-centered" or "resident-centered care" involves residents in decisions about schedules, menus, and dining locations. Allowing residents to participate in diet-related decisions can provide nutrient needs, allow alterations contingent on medical conditions, and simultaneously increase the desire to eat and enjoyment of food, thus decreasing the risks of weight loss, undernutrition, and other potential negative effects of poor nutrition and hydration.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Position of the American Dietetic Association: health implications of dietary fiber.

Dietary fiber consists of the structural and storage polysaccharides and lignin in plants that are not digested in the human stomach and small intestine. A wealth of information supports the American Dietetic Association position that the public should consume adequate amounts of dietary fiber from a variety of plant foods. Recommended intakes, 20-35 g/day for healthy adults and age plus 5 g/day for children, are not being met, because intakes of good sources of dietary fiber, fruits, vegetables, whole and high-fiber grain products, and legumes are low. Consumption of dietary fibers that are viscous lowers blood cholesterol levels and helps to normalize blood glucose and insulin levels, making these kinds of fibers part of the dietary plans to treat cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Fibers that are incompletely or slowly fermented by microflora in the large intestine promote normal laxation and are integral components of diet plans to treat constipation and prevent the development of diverticulosis and diverticulitis. A diet adequate in fiber-containing foods is also usually rich in micronutrients and nonnutritive ingredients that have additional health benefits. It is unclear why several recently published clinical trials with dietary fiber intervention failed to show a reduction in colon polyps. Nonetheless, a fiber-rich diet is associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. A fiber-rich meal is processed more slowly, which promotes earlier satiety, and is frequently less calorically dense and lower in fat and added sugars. All of these characteristics are features of a dietary pattern to treat and prevent obesity. Appropriate kinds and amounts of dietary fiber for the critically ill and the very old have not been clearly delineated; both may need nonfood sources of fiber. Many factors confound observations of gastrointestinal function in the critically ill, and the kinds of fiber that would promote normal small and large intestinal function are usually not in a form suitable for the critically ill. Maintenance of body weight in the inactive older adult is accomplished in part by decreasing food intake. Even with a fiber-rich diet, a supplement may be needed to bring fiber intakes into a range adequate to prevent constipation. By increasing variety in the daily food pattern, the dietetics professional can help most healthy children and adults achieve adequate dietary fiber intakes.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Position of the American Dietetic Association: the roles of registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered in health promotion and disease prevention.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) that primary prevention is the most effective, affordable course of action for preventing and reducing risk for chronic disease. Registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered, are leaders in delivering preventive services in both clinical and community settings, including advocating for funding and inclusion of these services in programs and policy initiatives at local, state, and federal levels. In addition, registered dietitians are leaders in facilitating and participating in research in chronic disease prevention and health promotion. Diet, nutrition, and physical activity are important factors in the promotion and maintenance of good health throughout the life cycle. Cost-effective interventions that produce a change in personal health practices are likely to lead to substantial reductions in the incidence and severity of the leading causes of disease in the United States. In an era of increasing health care expenditures and relative decreases in availability of federal funds, there is increasing demand on health promotion and disease prevention to be economically viable. Through clinical involvement and rigorous participation in research on chronic disease prevention and health promotion, the field of dietetics can lead the way to effectively translate the impact of nutrition on all ages.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2001

Position of the American Dietetic Association: food fortification and dietary supplements.

Wise food choices provide the necessary foundation for optimal nutrition. Science has not fully identified the specific chemical components that account for the benefits of healthy eating patterns. Selection of a variety of foods, using tools such as the USDA/HHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the USDA Food Guide Pyramid, is the best way to provide a desirable balance, without excessive intakes of macronutrients, micronutrients and other beneficial components of foods. Nevertheless, for certain nutrients and some individuals, fortification, supplementation, or both may also be desirable. Nutrient intakes from all these sources should be considered in dietary assessments, planning and recommendations. The recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences' Food and Nutrition Board provide a sound scientific basis for vitamin and mineral intakes. Intakes exceeding those recommendations have no demonstrated benefit for the normal, healthy population. Dietetics professionals should base recommendations for use of fortified foods or supplements on individualized assessment and sound scientific evidence of efficacy and safety. It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that the best nutritional strategy for promoting optimal health and reducing the risk of chronic disease is to wisely choose a wide variety of foods. Additional vitamins and minerals from fortified foods and/or supplements can help some people meet their nutritional needs as specified by science-based nutrition standards such as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1996

Fellow of the American Dietetic Association credentialing program: development and implementation of a portfolio-based assessment.

This report has described the measurement and operational procedures used for the design, development, and implementation of the newly inaugurated Fellow of The American Dietetic Association credentialing program. The program was established to identify and certify registered dietitians who possess the characteristics of advanced-level practice. The main features of the Fellow program are as follows. It is based on the results of an empirical study that identified the characteristics of advanced-level practice. It is guided by the Fellow Assessment Plan, which specifies the content and level of dietetics practice involved and the psychometric and operational requirements for sound measurement. It is a performance-based portfolio assessment of six professional characteristics (education, work experience, professional achievement, professional roles, professional contacts, and approach to practice). It uses objective automated computer scoring and independent peer-review grading of candidate materials in relation to an explicit scoring rubric. It requires statistical analysis of the database of candidate scores, which is conducted to ensure that the scoring of candidate materials is accurate and reliable and that the assessment, as a measurement instrument, is psychometrically sound. It involves a standard-setting workshop in which a panel of subject-matter experts establish the lowest level of acceptable candidate performance on Approach to Practice; the passing standard for the other five characteristics was preestablished by the empirical study. A careful review of all evidence on the development and implementation of the 1994 Fellow assessment suggests that these procedures are technically sound and produce psychometrically defensible results. Our evaluation and commentary from CDR and CTB staff, subject-matter expert participants, and the candidates themselves suggested a number of ways to improve the Fellow program in subsequent administrations of the assessment. Changes have been implemented and CDR will continue to consider all data in its ongoing improvement efforts.

Credentialing↗
PubMed2004

Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners.

Sweeteners elicit pleasurable sensations with (nutritive) or without (nonnutritive) energy. Nutritive sweeteners (eg, sucrose, fructose) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), yet concern exists about increasing sweetener intakes relative to optimal nutrition and health. Dietary quality suffers at intakes above 25% of total energy (the Institutes of Medicine's suggested maximal intake level). In the United States, estimated intakes of nutritive sweeteners fall below this, although one in four children (ages 9 to 18 years) can surpass this level. Polyols (sugar alcohols), GRAS-affirmed or petitions filed for GRAS, add sweetness with reduced energy and functional properties to foods/beverages and promote dental health. Five nonnutritive sweeteners with intense sweetening power have FDA approval (acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose) and estimated intakes below the Acceptable Daily Intake (level that a person can safely consume everyday over a lifetime without risk). By increasing palatability of nutrient-dense foods/beverages, sweeteners can promote diet healthfulness. Scientific evidence supports neither that intakes of nutritive sweeteners by themselves increase the risk of obesity nor that nutritive or nonnutritive sweeteners cause behavioral disorders. However, nutritive sweeteners increase risk of dental caries. High fructose intakes may cause hypertriglyceridemia and gastrointestinal symptoms in susceptible individuals. Thus, it is the position of The American Dietetic Association that consumers can safely enjoy a range of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners when consumed in a diet that is guided by current federal nutrition recommendations, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary References Intakes, as well as individual health goals. Dietetics professionals should provide consumers with science-based information about sweeteners and support research on the use of sweeteners to promote eating enjoyment, optimal nutrition, and health.

Absorption↗
PubMed2001

Position of the American Dietetic Association: dietetics professionals can implement practices to conserve natural resources and protect the environment. (Previously titled "natural resource conservation and waste management").

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association to encourage environmentally responsible practices that conserve natural resources, minimize the quantity of waste that is generated, and have the least adverse affect on the health of all living organisms and the environment. All components of the food system, from farmer to consumer, are affected by the availability and cost of energy and the availability and quality of water. Outdoor and indoor air quality significantly impacts the health of all living organisms. Decisions that dietetics professionals make as practitioners and consumers can affect the quantity and type of solid waste generated. The demand for natural resources should be evaluated when selecting the most cost-effective, environmentally sensitive approach to the management of solid waste. Special precautions are needed when using and disposing of hazardous and medical waste to protect the safety of our clients and employees. This position paper provides information and resources for dietetics professionals for addressing the complexity of the environmental issue presented. Conservation strategies are identified that dietetics professionals can use in their worksites and at home. These conservation practices may reduce cost and decrease the environmental impact we have on our communities and the world.

Air Pollution↗