Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA).
Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) is a synthetic inhibitor of the plasmin-plasminogen system. It is the only potent antifibrinolytic agent which is commercially available in the United States. Effective blood levels of the drug are readily obtainable with either oral or intravenous administration, with very high levels of the drug being found in the urine since the drug is greatly concentrated during excretion. EACA has been used in numerous clinical situations to control bleeding and has been claimed to be an effective agent in subarachnoid hemorrhage, genitourinary bleeding from many causes, and in dental surgery in hemophiliacs. It may also be effective in several less well studied situations such as prophylaxis of bleeding episodes in hemophiliacs, control of menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, obstetrical bleeding and in bleeding following cardiac and thoracic surgery. Major side effects from EACA include hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, and generation of thrombi. The incidence of thrombotic events secondary to the inhibition of the fibrinolytic system by EACA is unknown, but may be particularly increased in those patients who have some underlying predisposition to develop thrombosis. The potential benefit from the use of EACA must be weighed against the possible serious complications, particularly the development of widespread thrombi.